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This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this

PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
- つながり ‒ - Connection- English Translation
- Tsunangari -

本当のことを見るのは なんて難しいのだろう How difficult seeing the truth is.


Hontō-no Koto-wo Miru-nowa Nante Muzukashī-no-darō
本当のことを思うのは なんて一人ぼっちなのだろう How lonely thinking the truth is.
Hontō-no Koto-wo Omou-nowa Nante Hitoribocchi-nano-darō
本当のことを伝えるのは なんて勇気がいるのだろう How brave speaking the truth is.
Hontō-no Koto-wo Tsutaeru-nowa Nante Yūki-nga Iru-no-darō
そして 嘘の向こうで And, how warm is the hand
Soshite Uso-no Mukō-de
悲しい風に涙する人に差し伸べられた手は Which is held out to people crying in the sad wind
Kanashī Kaze-ni Namida-suru Hito-ni Sashinobe-rareta Te-wa
なんて温かいのだろう Behind the lie.
Nante Atatakai-no-darō

不安な中 How kind is the heart


Huan-na Naka
心の奥でふるさとを抱きしめながら歩く人に Which accompanies people who cling to
Kokoro-no Oku-de Hurusato-wo Dakishime-nangara Aruku Hito-ni
寄りそう心は なんて優しいのだろう The homeland in their hearts.
Yorisou Kokoro-wa Nante Yasashī-no-darō

私の隣で一緒に To see, feel, and think together


Watashī-no Tonari-de Issho-ni
見て 感じ 思う As if you were next to me
Mite Kanji Omou
どんなに離れていても No matter how far apart we are...
Donna-ni Hanarete Itemo
この空の下で 寄り添い To cry, laugh, and sing together
Kono Sora-no Shita-de Yorisoi
泣き 笑い 歌う Under this sky
Naki Warai Utau
どんなに離れていても No matter how far apart we are...
Donna-ni Hanarete Itemo

この空のつながりを Please...
Kono Sora-no Tsunangari-wo
この心のつながりを Feel the connection of the sky,
Kono Kokoro-no Tsunangari-wo
感じてください And the connection of our hearts.
Kanji-te Kudasai
SATB version This work was composed for the 35th All Japan High School Cultural Festival 2011 in Fukushima.
*Piano is optional.
*Can be performed with other ensemble versions. - Tsunangari (Connection) - Text and Music by Kentaro Sato (Ken-P)
5/27, 2011
- to the Victims of the 2011 3/11 Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan -
for Utao NIPPON Project

This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
4 ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ œ
Jœœœ
q = c 55 Calmly and Honestly

Sop. &4 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ.
P
* "Oo..." = [u]
Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo Mi - ru - no - wa

4 ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ j
Alt. &4 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œœœœ
P
Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo Mi - ru - no - wa

j
Ten. V 44 ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ
P
Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo Mi - ru - no - wa

?4 ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ . œj œ œ œ
Bas. 4
Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo Mi - ru - no - wa

U, œœœœ
4 œœ œ œ œ . œ œœ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œœœ œœ œœ œœ œ œœœ œ b ˙˙˙ œœœœ
&4 J œ ˙˙ ˙˙ J
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P U p
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Piano rit. a tempo

˙ ˙˙ ˙
& 44 www œ ˙ ˙ ˙
(opt.)
?
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& œ œ œ. œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ . œ œ œ. .
7

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& j
A.
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Na - n - te Mu - zu - ka - shi - Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo O - mo - u - no - wa Na - n - te Hi - to - ri - bo - cchi -

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ . œ œ œ œ. . œ
no - da - ro.

T. V œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. J
Na - n - te Mu - zu - ka - shi - no - da - ro. Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo O - mo - u - no - wa Na - n - te Hi - to - ri - bo - cchi -

? œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œœ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. j œ œ œ œ œ œ œ . œ œ œ œ. . œ
B. œ
Na - n - te Mu - zu - ka - shi - no - da - ro. Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo O - mo - u - no - wa Na - n - te Hi - to - ri - bo - cchi -

œœœ œ œ g œœœ ˙ œ g œœ ggg œœœ œ œ ggg œœœ œ œ œ gg œœ œ œ œ ggg œœœ


œ g g˙g g
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& œ œ œ œ œ œœœ œ œœœ œœœ gg œ gg ˙˙ g gg gg œ œ œ œ g
P
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Pno.

œ œ œ
œ œ œ
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(opt.)

œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ

The 35th All Japan High School Cultural Festival Executive Committee of Fukushima Prefecture
visit: www.wisemanproject.com
will hold the copyright of the work until March 31st, 2012.
edition Kawai Tokyo Japan has been granted to distribute the work in Japan. 1/6
The composer and its publisher are responsible for the international distribution and representation of the work.
- Tsunangari (Connection) -

This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
j œœœœ
12

& œœœœ ˙ œ œ œ . œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ. œœœœ œœ


œœ
S.

na - no - da - ro. Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo Tsu - ta - e - ru - no - wa Na - n - te Yu - ki - nga I-

& œœœœ j œœ œ
˙ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ
œ
A.

na - no - da - ro. Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo Tsu - ta - e - ru - no - wa Na - n - te... Na - n - te Yu - ki - nga I-

T. V œœœ œ #œ N œ œ œ . œ œ œ œ œj œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ
na - no - da - ro. Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo Tsu - ta - e - ru - no - wa Ah, Na - n - te Yu - ki - nga I-

? œœœœ ˙ j ˙ œ œ œ.
B. œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœ œœ

gg œœœ œ œ œ œœ gg # œœœ
na - no - da - ro. Ho - n - to - no Ko - to - wo Tsu - ta - e - ru - no - wa Na - n - te Yu - ki - nga I-

˙ œœ œ œ œ ˙
&g
g œ œ gg œ ˙ œ œ ggg œœœ
˙ œœ
gg œ œœ œœ œ œ
œ œ
œ œ œ œ œœ œ
Pno.

? œœ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ
(opt.)

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ

F œ œ3 P
œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœ
œ œ bœ œ œ œœ
16

S. & œ œ œ œ. œœ œ œœœ œ œ œ.
F 3 P
ru - no - da - ro. So - shi - te U - so - no Mu - ko - de Ka - na - shi Ka - ze - ni Na - mi - da - su - ru Hi - to - ni Sa - shi -

&
œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œœ
A.

ru - no - da - ro. So - shi - te
F 3
U - so - no Mu - ko - de Ka - na - shi Ka - ze - ni Na - mi - da - su - ru Hi - to - ni
P
Sa - shi -

T. V œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œœ
F 3 P
ru - no - da - ro. So - shi - te U - so - no Mu - ko - de Ka - na - shi Ka - ze - ni Na - mi - da - su - ru Hi - to - ni Sa - shi -

?
B. œ œ œ bœ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œœ

bgg œœ œ œ œ œœœ œœ œœ œœ œœ .. œ œ œ
ru - no - da - ro. So - shi - te U - so - no Mu - ko - de Ka - na - shi Ka - ze - ni Na - mi - da - su - ru Hi - to - ni Sa - shi -

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& ˙ œœ œ œ ˙ œ œ
˙ œ
F
3

œœ œ b œœœ œ œ
Pno.

? jœ. œ œ œ œœœ
(opt.)

œ œ bœ œ œ œ
œ b œ œ
œ œ ◊ œ
The 35th All Japan High School Cultural Festival Executive Committee of Fukushima Prefecture
visit: www.wisemanproject.com
will hold the copyright of the work until March 31st, 2012.
edition Kawai Tokyo Japan has been granted to distribute the work in Japan. 2/6
The composer and its publisher are responsible for the international distribution and representation of the work.
- Tsunangari (Connection) -

This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
& bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w
œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ
20

S. œ œ œ
no - be - ra - re - ta Te - wa Na - n - te A - ta - ta - ka - i - no - da - ro.

A. & œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ ˙. Œ œ œ œ
no - be - ra - re - ta Te - wa Na - n - te... Ah, Na - n -

T. V œ œ bœ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ bœ œœœœ œ œ œ œ w

w
no - be - ra - re - ta Te - wa Na - n - te A - ta - ta - ka - i - no - da - ro.

? œ
B.
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœ œ œ œ
no - be - ra - re - ta Te - wa Na - n - te A - ta - ta - ka - i - no - da - ro.

b œœ œ œ œ ˙
œ œ œ œ ggg b œœœ œœ
& b œœœ œ œ œ ˙
P P p

Pno.

? ˙ ˙
(opt.)
?
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ & www
◊ ˙ w

p P
w ˙. Œ b œ . œj œ œ œ œ
23

S. & ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
p P
Oo... Oo... Hu - ru - sa - to - wo

A. & œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ ˙. Œ b
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ . œ
j
œœœœ
P P
te A - ta - ta - ka - i - no - da - ro. Oo... Hu - ru - sa - to - wo

b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ . œj œ œ œ œ
Oo...

T. V bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ b˙. Œ
œ œ
p P
A - ta - ta - ka - i - no - da - ro. Hu - a - n - na Na - ka Ko - ko - ro - no O - ku - de Hu - ru - sa - to - wo

? œ œœœœ œœœ œ ˙. Œ j
B. b w w œ. œ œ œ œ œ
A - ta - ta - ka - i - no - da - ro. Oo... Oo... Hu - ru - sa - to - wo

œœ ˙ œ g œœ ..
œœ ggg b ˙˙˙ ... Œ b œœ œ ggœ . œ
& ggg ˙˙ ˙˙ ˙˙ ˙˙ J
ggg p
ggg b ˙˙ ..
? b www œœœ œ œ
Pno.

g ˙ ˙
(opt.)

Œ b w w œ
w
The 35th All Japan High School Cultural Festival Executive Committee of Fukushima Prefecture
visit: www.wisemanproject.com
will hold the copyright of the work until March 31st, 2012.
edition Kawai Tokyo Japan has been granted to distribute the work in Japan. 3/6
The composer and its publisher are responsible for the international distribution and representation of the work.
- Tsunangari (Connection) -

This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
j œ j
&b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œj œ œ œ œ œ .
œ œ œ. œ œœœœ
28

S.
œœ œ œ œœJ œ
F
Da - ki - shi - me - na - nga - ra A - ru - ku - hi - to - ni Yo - ri - so - u Ko - ko - ro - wa Na - n - te Ya - sa - shi - no -

j j
A. & b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œj œ œ œ œ œ . œ œ œj œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ . œ œœœœ
F
Da - ki - shi - me - na - nga - ra A - ru - ku - hi - to - ni Yo - ri - so - u Ko - ko - ro - wa Na - n - te Ya - sa - shi - no -

j
T. V b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œj œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œœœœ
J
F œ
Da - ki - shi - me - na - nga - ra A - ru - ku - hi - to - ni Yo - ri - so - u Ko - ko - ro - wa Na - n - te Ya - sa - shi - no -

?b j œ bœ. œ œœœœ
B. œ œ œ œ œœœ œ œœœœœ œœœ œ œ œ œJ œ J
Da - ki - shi - me - na - nga - ra A - ru - ku - hi - to - ni Yo - ri - so - u Ko - ko - ro - wa Na - n - te Ya - sa - shi - no -

œœ œ œ ggg œœ .. œ œœœ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ
j œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ
œ
&b gg œ . J J œ
P F
œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œœ
Pno.

?b œ œœ œ œ b œ œ œ
(opt.)

œ œ œ œ œ

f œ. œ .
&b œ
œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ J œ œ œ
32

S.

f j
da - ro. Wa - ta - shi - no To - na - ri - de I - ssho - ni

j
A. &b œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
.
f
da - ro. Wa - ta - shi - no To - na - ri - de I - ssho - ni Mi -

œ œ œ œ œ. j .
T. Vb œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
f
da - ro. Wa - ta - shi - no To - na - ri - de I - ssho - ni

?b œ œ ˙ œ œ œœ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
B.
œ œ J .

œœ œ œ œ œœ œ œœ
da - ro. Wa - ta - shi - no To - na - ri - de I - ssho - ni

œœ œœœ œ œœ œœœ œœœ œ œœœ


œ œ Nœ œ œ œ
&b œ œ œ
f œ
œ
? œ œ œ œ œœ œ œœœ œ œ œ
Pno.

Nœ œ œ œ œ
œœ
(opt.)

b œœ œ
œ
œ
œ
œ œ œ
œ
The 35th All Japan High School Cultural Festival Executive Committee of Fukushima Prefecture
visit: www.wisemanproject.com
will hold the copyright of the work until March 31st, 2012.
edition Kawai Tokyo Japan has been granted to distribute the work in Japan. 4/6
The composer and its publisher are responsible for the international distribution and representation of the work.
- Tsunangari (Connection) -

This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
&b
œ œ œ œ3 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
35

S. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. J

j
Mi - te, Ka - n - ji, O - mo - u, Do - n - na - ni Ha - na - re - te I - te - mo. Ko - no So - ra - no Shi - ta -

j
&b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
3
A.

te, Ka - n - ji, O - mo - u, Do - n - na - ni Ha - na - re - te I - te - mo. Ko - no So - ra - no Shi - ta -

V b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
3

T.

j
Mi - te, Ka - n - ji, O - mo - u, Do - n - na - ni Ha - na - re - te I - te - mo. Ko - no So - ra - no

?b œ œ œœ œ . œ
œ œ œœœ œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ
3

B.
œ œ J J

œœ œ
Mi - te, Ka - n - ji, O - mo - u, Do - n - na - ni Ha - na - re - te I - te - mo. Ko - no So - ra - no

œ œ œ œ
œœœ œœ œœ œ œœ œœ œœ œ œœ œœœ œœœ œ œ œ œœ œ œ
& b œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ
œœ œœ œœœœ œ œœ œ œ œœœ œ œœ
Pno.

?b œœ œ
(opt.)

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ

œ. œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œrit. œ œ œ œ
b J œ œœ œœœ œ œ. œ œ
38

&
3
S.

j
de Yo - ri - so - i, Na - ki, Wa - ra - i, U - ta - u, Do - n - na - ni Ha - na - re - te I - te - mo.

j
&b œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ
3
A.
. #œ
- de Yo - ri - so - i, Na - ki... Na - ki, Wa - ra - i, U - ta - u, Do - n - na - ni Ha - na - re - te I - te - mo.

b œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ
V œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ
3

T.

Shi - ta - de Yo - ri - so - i, Na - ki... Na - ki, Wa - ra - i, U - ta - u, Do - n - na - ni Ha - na - re - te I - te - mo.

? b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ
3

B.

œœ œ œ
Shi - ta - de Yo - ri - so - i, Na - ki, Wa - ra - i, U - ta - u, Do - n - na - ni Ha - na - re - te I - te - mo.

œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œœœ œœ œ œ œœ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œœ œ œ
œ
œ œœ œ œ
œœ œ œ œ œ œ # œœ
&b

œ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œœœœ œ
Pno. rit.

?
œœ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ
(opt.)

b œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ
The 35th All Japan High School Cultural Festival Executive Committee of Fukushima Prefecture
visit: www.wisemanproject.com
will hold the copyright of the work until March 31st, 2012.
edition Kawai Tokyo Japan has been granted to distribute the work in Japan. 5/6
The composer and its publisher are responsible for the international distribution and representation of the work.
- Tsunangari (Connection) -

p P
œ œœ˙

This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
Slower

b w jœ œ œ œ
41

& œ œ œ œ œ œ J ˙. œ œ œœ˙ œœ
œ
S.

p P
Ko - no So - ra - no Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo, Ko - no Ko - ko - ro - no Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo Ka - n -

b
& Nœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ j œ œj
A.
w œ œ œ ˙. œ œ œœ˙ œœ
p P j
Ko - no So - ra - no Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo, Ko - no Ko - ko - ro - no Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo Ka - n -

V b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ . œj œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ ˙. œ œ œœ˙ œœ
T.
J
p P œ œ œœ˙
Ko - no So - ra - no Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo... Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo, Ko - no Ko - ko - ro - no Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo Ka - n -

?b œ œœ œ œ œ j j
B. œ œœ˙ w œ œ œ œ œ ˙. œœ
Ko - no So - ra - no Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo, Ko - no Ko - ko - ro - no Tsu - na - nga - ri - wo Ka - n -

œ gg ˙˙ œ œ www œ
&b œœ œ œ œ ˙˙ ˙ ggg ˙˙ œœ œ
˙˙ ˙ gg ˙˙ œ ˙˙ .. ‰ œœ
˙
p P
œ
Pno.

?b ˙˙ ˙ ˙˙ ˙ w ˙ ww œ œ
(opt.)

˙ ˙ w ˙ ˙ w œœ

j j
&b œ œ œ œ œ
47

S. w
ji - te Ku - da - sa - i.

A. & b œj œ œj œ œ w
ji - te Ku - da - sa - i.

T. V b œJ œ Jœ œ œ w

? b œj œ œj œ œ
ji - te Ku - da - sa - i.

B. w

√œ œ U˙
ji - te Ku - da - sa - i.

˙˙ œœ ˙
˙ œœ œœœ ˙
& b ˙˙ ˙ œ œ
p
? ˙˙
Pno.
(opt.)
U
b ˙ w w
˙ w w

The 35th All Japan High School Cultural Festival Executive Committee of Fukushima Prefecture
visit: www.wisemanproject.com
will hold the copyright of the work until March 31st, 2012.
edition Kawai Tokyo Japan has been granted to distribute the work in Japan. 6/6
The composer and its publisher are responsible for the international distribution and representation of the work.
Ken-P’s Japanese Pronunciation Guide with IPA for Singers by Kentaro Sato (Ken-P)

This work was created for a charity, and you may freely make printed copies from this PDF data for your performance until Dec 31, 2022. Please inform www.wisemanproject.com for performances and recordings.
1. Vowels

There are 5 vowels in the Japanese language and they are alphabetized as “A” “E” “I” “O” and “U.” Consecutive vowels belong to

separate syllables, and there is virtually no diphthong when it comes to music.

 Singing Japanese “A” is always “Open A [A]” as in “father.” You may use [√] in softer passage.

 Singing Japanese “E” is always “Open E [E]” as in “fetch.” Do not use [e].

 Singing Japanese “I” is always “Close I [i]” as in “feet.” However, it can be modified toward “Open I [I],” when it provide

unified vowel sounds, or in softer passage.

 Singing Japanese “O” is always “Close O [o]” as in “foe.” Do not use diphthong like [oU].

 Singing Japanese “U” is always “Close U [u]” as in “food.” However, it can be modified toward “Open U [U]” as in “foot,” if it

provides ease of pronunciation for singers in upper resister and/or forte passages.

 Japanese “N [n]” often makes an independent syllable.

2. Consonants

B [b] as in (boy) N [n] (nod)

BY [bj] NG [N] (song)

CH [t˛] *or [tS] as in (cheese) NGY [Nj]

D [d] (dot) NY [nj] (new)

F [f] (food) P [p] (pot)

FY [fj] (few) PY [pj] (puke)

G [g] (gut) R [R] or [}] Japanese R is “flipped R”

GY [gj] (gas) RY [Rj] or [}j]

H [h] (hit) S [s] (sing/toss)

HY [C] *or [hj] as in (human) SH [˛] *or [S] as in (shed)

J [d¸] *or [dZ] as in (jet) T [t] (tea)

K [k] (king) TS [ts] (let’s)

KY [kj] (cute) V [v] (victory)

L [l] (leap) W [w] (water)

M [m] (mall) Y [j] (you)

MY [mj] (mute) Z [dz] (zebra)

 “F” “L” and “V” are only used for foreign-origin words.

 If “NG [N]” and “NGY [Nj]” (aka Bidakuon) are difficult to produce, it is acceptable to use “G [g]” for NG and “GY [gj]” for

“NGY.”

 One MAY NOT use “English R [®],” “Rolled R [r]” nor “German/French R [{] for “Japanese flipped R,” but MAY use “L [l]” if

s/he cannot produce [R] or [}].

 Doubled consonants (EX. “a-tta,” “a-cchi” and “i-sse-i”) indicate small stops between proceeding vowels. In my music, they

can be sung without doubled consonants (EX. “a-ta,” “a-chi” and “i-se-i”) because they are already articulated by rests or

staccatos. So please do observe and execute such rests and staccatos correctly.

©2008 Kentaro Sato (Ken-P) www.wisemanproject.com update on 5/15, 2011

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