EPISODE 7 Foundations of Curriculum Development

Activity 1 Complete the timelines by indicating the significant contribution of each

person.

Franklin Bobbit Werret Charters William Kilpatrick Harold Rugg

1876- 1956 1875 – 1952 1875 – 1952 1886 – 1960

considered
curriculum
Emphasi-
presented Viewed
also as a zed social
curriculum curriculum
science studies in
as a as
which is the
science purposeful
curriculum
that based on activities
students' which are and the
emphasiz
need, and child- teacher
es on
the centered. plans the
students'
teachers lesson in
need.
plan the advance.
activities.

Hollis Caswell Ralph Tyler Hilda Taba Peter Oliva

1901 – 1989 1902 – 1994 1902 – 1967 1992 – 2012

curriculum
as Social
organized curriculum processes, Peter
is a including Oliva's
around
science socialization Ten
social and an of human
functions General
extension beings, are
of Axioms of
of school's not linear,
themes, and they Curriculu
philosophy.
organized based on cannot be m
knowledg students' modeled Developm
e and need and through ent
Activity 2 Interview an administrator,
earner's linear
interests. a faculty and cite specific examples in each of the
interests. planning.
 Items given below. Complete the Table.
Foundations of Curriculum Samples/ Situations
1. Philosophical Foundations Teacher provides oral recitation regarding to their topic
to provide information of the subject matter.

2. Historical Foundations Teacher gives pre-test and post-test.

3. Psychological Foundations Students were mentally present on its lesson.

4. Social Foundations
Students were having a group activity.

My Personal Insights

SINGCO, KATHLEEN O.

The stakeholders gives importance to espoused the four major foundations:

philosophical, historical, psychological and social foundations are deemed necessary for
planning, implementing, and evaluating in a school curriculum.

The philosophy in the classroom is to promote learning activities and enhanced

the skills and knowledge of the students, the important subjects to be taught, the kind of
learning students must have and how they can acquire them, the instructional materials,
methods and strategies to be used, and how students will be evaluated.

Historical foundations gives importance like what Franklin Bobbit says that
curriculum as a science that emphasizes on students' need.
 Psychology provides information about the teaching and learning process. It also
seeks answers as to how a curriculum be organized in order to achieve students’
learning at the optimum level, and as to what amount of information they can absorb in
learning the various contents of the curriculum.

Social Foundations inquiry helps to sharpen students’ capacities to understand,

analyze, and explain educational issues, policies, and practices in order to improve
education.

As a future teacher, I will give importance and strengthen the foundations of

education. Without the strong foundation then the education will weak and it will never
provide a good quality education to the students or no learning at all. The vital role of a
teacher is to strengthen the foundation of education in order for us to provide proper
education, the values we impart and knowledge that they need to acquire in our
capacity.

BARRERA, MARIVIC V.

As I observe again in Actin National High School, the teacher that I interviewed is
Mr. Junard Umale which is one where we observed before. The teacher is mastered his
lesson where curriculum is strongly important that he used. If we based in the
foundation, you can deliver your topic accordingly and you also rate the capabilities in
learning .Most of the students had also mentally present in the class. In philosophical
foundation, you should always remind your students that they come always in school
and you should encourage them to school.

It is not only the philosophical foundation is important but the three foundation of
curriculum is very important in our part as a future teacher, we can used/apply this if you
are the field. These are the three foundation of curriculum Historical, Psychological and
the social foundation of curriculum.

GELERA, KRISSA MAE O.

As I interviewed the teacher in Actin which where we observed, I found out that this
foundation of curriculum is most important on conducting a class. It is because base on
this foundation, you can rate your students with their capabilities in learning. Most
especially, in Philosophical foundation which the students are mentally present to their
class, because of oral recitation activity which their teacher give.
 But not only is the Philosophical foundation important but also the three foundation
of curriculum which the Historical, Psychological, and Social foundations which give a
big impart to the curriculum.

As a future curricularist, I will use the four foundation of curriculum because it helps
me to manage my classroom settings of discussion. It gives a participation or alertness
of my students during our discussion. And they were physically and mentally present.
And their socialization with others and to their classmates will develop. And when
someone presents their works in front of their class they are confident enough to
present it in front

PANILAGA, LOVELY V.

As I interviewed a teacher in Actin National High School which we observe, I

realize that the foundation of curriculum is much important in conducting a class
discussion, because the teacher or curricularist can determine/identify their students in
which they are capable or their every lapses. Specially in Philosophical foundation in
which students are mentally present in their class, because there is a one-one question
between the teacher and the students or the teacher should ask question to his/her
students that the students should answer. But of course, not only Philosophical
foundation of curriculum are important but also the three of them which the Historical,
Psychological and Social foundation of curriculum they are also effective in conducting
a discussion which makes the discussion more lively.

CATUBAY, JUVY ANNE E.

As a future curricularist someday, my insights is that this episode is important to know

what are the foundations of curriculum development and the importance of it in the
school. Knowing the value of philosophical, historical, psychological and sociological is
also important. By this episode I know this four foundation of curriculum development
are interrelated to each other. As what I have observed the school we are assigned I
have this four which help them to improved and their student to be competitive enough.

Activity 3 Evolve your own philosophy based on the existing philosophies of education.
Illustrate through a graphic organizer. Explain how this will be applied, if you
are going to put up your own school.

Educational Philosophies
 Rationalism Pragmatism Ethics

Contrustivism

Cognitive Theory

Information
Processing
Descriptive Meta Ethics Normative
Ethics Ethics

Mind Map Learning Styles

Explanation

This
graphical
organizer
illustrates the
functions of
my school
using the
philosophical
in education.
First is
rationalism
where reality
is Pieces of Evidence LEARNING Documents
constructed PORTFOLIO

Records Pictures
 Franklin Bobbit Peter Oliva
(1876-1956) 1992-2012

Werret Charters Hilda Taba

(1875-1952) 1902- 1967

William Kilpatrick Ralph Tyler

(1871-1965) 1902-1994

Harold Rugg Hollis Caswell

(1886-1960) 1901-1989

School Documentation:

EPISODE 8 Crafting the Curriculum: The Teacher As A Designer

Accomplish the matrix by interviewing an administrator and a teacher to

explain how the ten (10) axioms are realized in the school setting, The
Activity 1
administrator or the teacher has the option to choose the axiom that she/he
wishes to explain.
Ten (10) Axioms for Curriculum
Designers
1. Curriculum change is
inevitable, necessary and
desirable.
Situations/ Samples on How These Axioms are Realized
in the School Setting
Yes indeed it is necessary because if there is no
curriculum it’s like going to nowhere.

2. Curriculum reflects its Curriculum should be timeless which means it responds to

own time. It is a product the change that comes from social forces and education
of its time. reforms.

3. Curriculum changes The change that occurs in curriculum development can

made earlier can exist co-exist, oftentimes overlaps for long period of time.
concurrently with newer
curriculum changes.

4. Curriculum change It is best that teachers design and own the changes.
depends on people who
will implement the
change.

5. Curriculum development Any significant change in curriculum must involved the

is a cooperative group stakeholders get their support and input.
activity.

6. Curriculum development A curriculum developer or designer must decide what

is a decision – making contents to teach and what methods or strategies to use.
process made from
choices or alternatives.
 7. Curriculum development AS needs of learners change, as society change, and as
is an on – going process. new knowledge and technology appear, the curriculum
must change.

8. Curriculum development A curriculum design should be based on a careful plan,

is more effective if it is a intended outcomes clearly established.
comprehensive process
not piecemeal.

9. Curriculum development A curriculum design should always be SMART.

is more effective when it
follows a systematic
process.

10. Curriculum development An existing design is a good starting point for any teacher
starts from where the who plans to enhance and enrich a curriculum.
curriculum is.

Observe a class or get a sample lesson. Using the elements/component,

Activity 2
write a sample curriculum using the template given below.
Intended Learning Subject Matter or Teaching/Learning Assessment/Evaluatio
Outcomes Learning Content Methods n

To know the Basic foot massage Demonstrate the Arrange

different foot technique different foot massage CHRONOLOGICALLY
massage technique with the following
technique. models. accordingly.

Request a sample lesson. Analyze the components present in the plan.

Activity 3
Paste the lesson plan below.

Pieces of Evidence LEARNING Documents

PORTFOLIO

Records Pictures

Collect 3 sample lesson plans for various schools. Evaluate the similarities and
differences using the Venn Diagram.
 Actin National Highschool

NAME OF SCHOOL

Differences:
 Procedures
 Assessment
 Agreement
 Strategies

Similarities in Component:
Same Intended Objectives
and Subject

Differences: Differences:
 Procedures  Procedures
 Assessment  Assessment
 Agreement  Agreement
 Strategies  Strategies

Bal-os National High School Kalumbuyan National High School

NAME OF SCHOOL NAME OF SCHOOL