Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

It is important to exert a lot of time in studying particularly in math. Do you think if you

will study well, you will able to perform excellent in class?

According to Albert Einstein “Do not worry about your problems with mathematics I

assured you mine is far greater” Academic performance refers to how students’ deal with their

studies and how they different tasks given to them by their teachers. Academic performance can

also refer to “how well a student meet standards set out by local government and the institution

itself” it is also the major criteria used to evaluate the students grade or satisfactory. In addition

to the students’ individual characteristics, tracks and learning environment are some factors that

can influence students’ performance. Senior high students should concentrate in their studies and

give a lot of time to it to perform well in class and also to have a high grade. The amount of time

of time should spend in studying depends on how many subjects they have. Grade 11 students

are not yet prepared for senior high level, they think that senior and junior high are just the same

so that they tend to spend fewer hours in studying. Time spent in studying have an effect in

students’ academic performance, it can be measure through exam scores, essays, seat works and

student’s participation in class. Most of the parents’ care about their child’s academic

performance because they believe that good academic result will provide job security to their

child in the future. A lot of people think that success is measured by academic performance.

Nowadays career competition grows even more, that’s why students must do well in school to

caught the attention of parent’s, legislators and even the government education department and

1
also the company they will enter in the future. Instead of spending more time in studying some

students are preferred to open their social media accounts and gossip to life of others on the

internet and they did not spend a lot of time in studying.

We the researchers, choose the topic about students’ academic performance and time

spent in studying because we want to study the correlation of the said two variables and to know

the impact of time spent in studying in the academic performance of the student with regards to

mathematics.

Background of the study

This study is entitled the relation between time spent in studying and Academic

Performance among Grade 11 Students in Norzagaray National High School. The study is

conducted in the municipality of Norzagaray located in Bulacan.

The chosen local is Norzagaray National High School. It is for the researchers?

Convenience as well since they are in the said school and to save time in conducting the study.

The only destination of the researchers is the town of Norzagaray in which the school is

located. The school was built in 1968 and headed now by their school principal, Ms. Lisa C.

Cruz. It has a total population of 2836 including the senior high students and 103 teachers. The

school is divided into three buildings established in different areas, the first one is the main

campus for the grade 9, 10 and some sections of senior high school, the second is Annex 1 which

is for senior high students and lastly is Annex ll for grade 7 and 8 students.

The researchers focused their study in the relation of time spent in studying and academic

performance of Grade 11 students in Norzagaray Province of Bulacan. The researchers decided

2
to conduct this study to know the perceptions of selected students with regards to the relation of

time spent in studying and academic performance among Grade 11 students.

Statement of the Problem

This study sought to distinguish the correlation between time spent in studying and

academic performance.

It also sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents with regards to;

1.1Time Spent in Studying

1.2 Academic Performance

2. What is the relation between time spent in studying and academic performance?

3. Is there any significance relationship between time spent in studying and academic

performance?

Conceptual Framework

The process include in this study

are survey
B A and interview. These
are the instrument use to conduct
the research.
A B

The dependent variable in this

The independent variable in this
study is the academic
study is the time spent studying in
performance of students in Gen.
C Gen. Math. It can affect the
Math. It changes because of the
dependent variable.
other variable.
. 3
Significance of the Study

This study will be useful in the field of education. It shows the correlation of Time Spent in

Studying and Academic Performance in Norzagaray National High School. The result and

findings will be beneficial to the followings.

For the Students, the study will help them to determine the time that they spend in

studying and to help them know that the more time they give in studying the more they will have

a good academic performance.

For the Teachers, the study will help them to determine the students who are spend a lot of

time and spend less time in studying based on their academic performance.

For the Parents, the study will help them to know if their child is giving a lot of time in

studying their lessons.

For the future researchers, the study will serve as their guide once they will conduct the

same study.

Scope and Delimitation

This study hopes to determine the relation between time spent in studying and academic

performance of grade 11 students in Norzagaray National High School. The focus of this study is

the correlation of time spent in studying and academic performance. It includes

The grade 11 students of Norzagaray National High School respectively serve to be

respondents of this study All in all they are 107 respondents of grade 11 students of the said

school.

4
 The respondents of this study are limited only to the students of grade 11 level and do not

include the teachers, principal and other school officials in the said school.

Definition of Terms

The following term are defined conceptually and operationally:

Time Spent Studying. The amount of time a student spend in studying. The time who give by

the students in every subjects they have and also their personal habits on it.

Academic Performance. It is measured by the final grade earned in the course. The researchers

used the term to measure the time that gave by the students in their subjects and also to

determine their grades.

5
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The review of related literature and studies includes the general concept and views of the

expert in education and the summary of the findings of related studies which are relevant of the

study.

Foreign Literature

Environment at home and school can affect the student’s academic performance.

Home environment which affects the academic performance of students is another factor.

Educated parents can provide such an environment that suits best for academic success of their

children. The academic performance of students greatly depends upon the parental involvement

in their academic activities to attain the higher level of academic success (Barnard, 2004).

Parents can provide a good environment to their child for their academic success, and

also they are the one who can influence and motivate their child.

There’s a lot of strategies in study habit but not all of it is applicable to everyone.

According to Kizllik (2012) study habits are different for everybody. Studying strategy

maybe effective for one but entirely of no use to another student. However, the study habit fit for

one can help the student in different ways to name one with continuous study habits, study skills

develop and they create a more effective understanding about the topic. Study habits can also

improve the learning and understanding about the subject and thus, the grades. Wong (2006)

provide a clear evidence that teachers have positively and significant effects in students’

achievement and self-concept.

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 Continuous study habit will develop and improve the skills of the students. It can also

create an effective understanding.

According to Cabatay et.al (2011) that mathematics is learned because of

many reasons. Firstly, the mastery of basic mathematical skills is needed in order to cope with

the demand of life. Such demands include being numerically literate, gaining tools for future

employment, developing the prerequisites for further education, and appreciating the relationship

between mathematics and technology. Secondly, mathematics is the language of the sciences,

and many disciplines depend on this subject as a symbolic means of communication. Thirdly,

mathematics education can play an important part in developing students’ general decision

making and problem solving skills.

Self-esteem and parents can affect the student’s academic performance in mathematics.

According to World Bank report (2007), in most developing countries, not enough

Mathematics teachers are being produced by Universities and Colleges. Therefore, College and

Universities graduates are being encouraged to pursue these courses purposely to fill the gap.

Students’ performance in mathematics subject has been investigated through bilateral surveys in

two European countries. Poor school performance not only results in the child having a low self-

esteem, but also causes significant stress to the parents.

There’s a lot of factors that can affect the student’s academic performance and having

low self-esteem and stress coming from the parents can also affect their performance in school.

7
 Foreign Studies

The first study is about the existing relationship between study habits and academic

achievement in mathematics.

The study presented that the purpose of research was to determine if there exist any

relationship between various levels and various dimensions of study habits of a student with

academic achievement in mathematics. For study a sample of 600 students of XI and XII class

was chosen from various senior secondary schools of Punjab to find the level of study habits and

its relationship with academic achievement in mathematics. Study reveals that there is significant

relationship between academic achievement in mathematics and students differ significantly on

various levels of study habits (International Journal of Innovative, 2015).

Study habits and academic achievement have a significant relationship, because if the

student give a lot of time in studying therefore there is a big chance that they will get an

academic achievement.

A lot of students hate the subject math, but in the second study most of the Chilean

students like and value math unlike the others.

The study reveals that the Chilean students like and value mathematics, but have an

inflated self-perception of their mathematic competence. Hierarchical linear models were used to

predict mathematic achievement both at the student-within-class and class levels. At both levels,

students’ perceived difficulty of doing mathematics, expectations for further education, and

beliefs regarding the causes of their mathematics outcomes were significant predictors of

achievement. However, classes having more students liking mathematics had significantly lower

8
mean scores. This later result is interpreted as the consequence of the more demanding

curriculum and tougher grading standards used in higher performing classes (Ramirez, 2005).

Students notice that doing math is difficult such as; mathematical problems but there are

more students who like math and they have low mean scores which means unusually stable.

The third study is about factors that can affect the academic performance of students

together with their academic status and personal factors.

Academic performance is affected by a number of factors including admission grade,

social economic status, school background and many more. Students’ personal factors and school

based factors are the focus of the study described in this paper. The study was a descriptive study

in which a survey research design was adopted. Three Colleges where randomly selected for the

study. A total of 50 students from these Colleges participated in the study. Data for the study was

collected through student’s questionnaire. The findings revealed that inadequate teaching and

learning materials as well as lecturer method of instruction are some of the factors which affect

students’ performance. The study also revealed that teachers and students’ self-motivation also

influences mathematics performance. On the basis of the findings, the following

recommendations were made; interactive method of teaching which are core to improving

students’ holistic understanding of mathematical concepts needs to be used by mathematics

teachers. Also stake holders need to provide adequate teaching and learning resource to the

Colleges of education (Enu, J. Et. Al).

There are a lot of factors that can affect the students’ performance and it will lead their

failure in grades students should eliminate it by themselves.

The last study is about the things will might happens in the future.

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 The aim of the study is to develop a conceptual model that shows how the different

studies in this doctoral thesis are interlinked. In the review of the available research two

perspectives have been adopted a very broad perspective that builds on general instructional

effectiveness studies, and a specific perspective that centres on national and international

research about predictors of mathematics performance. Next to the identification of available

theoretical and empirical models that explain (mathematics) learning, this chapter will also build

on a qualitative content analysis of available research about mathematics learning in China. This

will result in a further delineation of variables that play a role to describe and explain

mathematics learning and performance. The outcome of this combined approach is a first outline

of a conceptual framework that will be helpful to direct the research, reported in this PhD

dissertation (Desoete, A. And Valcke, M., 2011).

The study is about mathematics learning performance and the outcome of the approaches.

Local Literature

Is it true that teachers learning experience can give great influence to the student’s

academic performance? Teachers are the facilitators except to books they are also source of

student’s knowledge.

Macalino et. al (2005) the Philippine journal of education 2005 stated that teachers

teaching experience also contributes to pupil’s performance. It is also a fact that older teachers

are said to be more dedicated and devoted to the service. By virtue of their length of time and

stay in the teaching service, they acquire more experiences. Another contributor variable is the

related factors that could give great influence in the academic performance of pupils like books

and school facilities.

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 Teachers who has rich experience and more dedicated to their job can be a contributor to

their student’s academic performance parents and teachers can also motivate the students.

Materials in teaching can contribute to students fast learning in the subject especially if

the subject is math.

According to Marcial, E. and Valencia, D. (2010), in a comprehensive

review of activity based learning in mathematics in kindergarten through grade eight,

concluded that using manipulative materials produces greater achievement than not using

them. They also note that the long term use of concert instructional materials by teachers

knowledgeable in their use improves students’ achievement and attitudes.

Manipulative materials have a big impact for the better understanding of each student, the

said material is the hands-on learning of mathematics it is commonly used to the beginner

students.

It is very important that students believe in their own competence.

Torres (2006), Students’ beliefs about their competence and their expectations for success

in school have been directly linked to their levels of engagement, as well as to emotional states

that promote or interfere with their ability to be academically successful. Thus attitudes

determine the effort a student is likely to put in his learning of the subject (mathematics). It is

therefore necessary for mathematics teachers to strive and sustain positive attitudes towards

mathematics for good performance in the upper classes. Students competence and expectation to

their success is linked.

11
Local Studies

Mathematics is one of the most difficult subject that students usually encounter. The first

study is bout failure of the students in math.

The university of the Philippines greatest failure is in mathematics. It is also said that

repetition in the said subject is common among UP students that almost one out of three repeat a

mathematics course Cabahug and Ladot (2005) also said that the faculty of UP Cebu natural

sciences and mathematics division or NSMD have felt the declining performance in students in

basic mathematics. It is also stated that attitudes towards mathematics and achievement in

mathematics have always been a great concern.

Passing mathematics is great concern among students in UP Cebu because a lot of

students receive failed grade in the said subject.

Does status in life can affect the students’ performance in school? The second study is

about the correlation of the students’ status in life and their performance.

Rivera (2007) investigated the relationship of the level of academic performance. Most of

the respondents belong to the low income families; most of their parents finished high school;

the level of academic performance of the student is good, the economic status and parent’s

educational attainment do not affect the academic performance of pupils.

There was no relationship between student’s status in life and their parents in academic

performance. Everyone have their own brilliant mind, therefore the family’s economic status and

parent’s educational attainment do not affect the academic performance of the child.

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 The focus of the third study are some area of mathematics, algebra and trigonometry and

it also includes the action plan to enhance the students’ performance.

The study aimed to determine the performance of the students in the area of Mathematics

particularly in Algebra and Trigonometry.

The researchers used a retrospective study where documentary analysis in gathering the

data was more appropriate. The data were gathered from

the departmental examination given in Algebra and Trigonometry for the academic year 2011-

2013. The respondents of the study were the students who took both the two subjects. The results

revealed that the students who took the subjects for the two academic years were not able to meet

the required criteria. On the other hand, study techniques were the common factor that affects the

performance of the students in Mathematics. The researchers formulated an action plan to

enhance the students’ performance and for the intervention program. The researchers

recommended to organize periodic seminar and workshops for students, teachers and school

administrators to promote positive attitude towards mathematics and to conduct tutorials session

to improve students’ performance (Dinglasan, B. And Patena, A.,2013)

A lot of students did not meet the criteria in the two said area of mathematics and it is

good that the researchers of the study are concern to the students who are not good in the said

subject because they formulate an action plan. Workshops for students as well as to the to the

teachers and administrators can help to improve the performance of every student.

The last study contains some factors that can affect student’s academic performance.

13
 Quijada (2011) focused on the frequency of use by the UP Cebu freshman students of

Facebook and a part of the study tackled about the effect of the social networking site to UP

Cebu student’s academic performance.

Most of the time students are always using their social media accounts that instead of

studying they always spend a lot of their time to it and almost forgotten their home works and

other necessities in school.

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 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the procedures that were under taken in the study. It includes the

research design, the respondents, research instrument and the research procedure.

Research Design

The kind of research used by the researchers was descriptive study. A research study

based on this design is referred to as “ correlational “ or “observational “ studies.

Descriptive studies are usually using for collecting information that will demonstrate

relationships and describe the world as it exists. Descriptive studies, in which the researcher

interacts with participant, may involve surveys or interviews to collect the necessary information.

Participants

The respondents of this study are grade 11 students of Norzagaray National High School

which has a total population of 355 students.

The chosen respondents of the researchers are limited only to 30% of its total population. From

tracks STEM, ABM, HUMSS, GAS A, GAS B the researchers selected 13 students while in

TVL A, TVL B and TVL C 14 students each were selected.

In selecting the respondents of this study, the researchers used the probability sampling or

unbiased sampling. This sampling is involves all members listed in the sampling frame

representing a certain population focused by your study. The type of probability sampling used

by the researchers is stratified sampling. The group compromising the sample is chosen in a way

that such group is liable to subdivision during the data analysis stage.

15
 Table 3.1

Strand/Section Respondents Total Percentage

Male Female

STEM 6 7 13 12.14%

ABM 5 4 13 12.14%

GAS-A 7 6 13 12.14%

GAS-B 3 9 13 12.14%

HUMMS 5 8 13 12.14%

TVL-A 6 8 14 13.1%

TVL-B 6 8 14 13.1%

TVL-C 4 9 14 13.1%

Total 42 65 100 100%

Instrument

In this study, the instrument used is survey form, it is the product of collaboration and brain

storming of the researchers. The survey is convenient and easy to prepare in order to get the

desired result. The researchers also conduct an interview for further information.

Procedure

The researchers visited the target school. The researchers ask the permission of school

principal in conducting the survey. After the school principal approved the request they conduct

the survey in grade 11 students of Norzagaray National High School.

16
Statistical Treatment of Data

The data collected in this study were subjected to certain statistical treatments. The data

were coded, tallied and tabulated for the better presentation of the results the statistical method is

the frequency percentages and the number of cases.

This will be used to clarify the respondent’s gender, year level and the subject

designation for the teachers with the total number of respondents who participated in the survey

the formula used in the application of this is:

P = f/n x 100

Where:

P = Percentages

f = frequency of the respondents

n = number of cases

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 Chapter IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

In this chapter the researchers discusses the Data analysis and findings of the study. The

results of the evaluation conducted for the study. These objectives were accomplished.

Table 1: Time Spent in Studying

Number of Minutes/Hours Number of Respondents Percentage

15-30 71 66%

1-2 33 31%

3 and above 3 3%

Total 107 100%

In this table, shows that most of the respondents spend 15-30 minutes in studying a day,

next is 1-2 hours a day and lastly is 3 hours and above.

Table 2: Midterm Grade in General Mathematics

Grade Number of Respondents Percentage

75-80 52 49%

81-85 34 32%

86-90 19 18%

91-95 2 1%

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 96 and above 0 0%

Total 107 100%

In this table, shows the midterm grade of the respondents and most of them has an

average of 75-80.

Table 3 The Relation between Time Spent in Studying and Academic Performance in General

Mathematics.

Time Spent in Studying

Academic Performance in Correlation Interpretation

General Mathematics

15-30 – 75-80 0.9 Strong Relationship

15-30 – 81-85 0.4 Moderate Relationship

15-30 – 86-90 0.8 Strong Relationship

1-2 – 75-80 0 No Relationship

1-2 – 81-85 0.8 Strong Relationship

1-2 – 86-90 0.4 Moderate Relationship

1-2 – 91-95 0 No Relationship

3 and above – 81-85 0 No Relationship

3 and above – 86-90 0 No Relationship

In this table, shows the interpretation of the relation between time spent in studying and

academic performance of students. The correlation that is equal to 0 is no relationship (8), 0.2-

19
0.3 is weak relationship (4), 0.4-0.6 moderate relationship (1), 0.7-0.9 strong relationship (3),

and 1 is perfect relationship (2).

The formula used to get the correlation is:

𝑁 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 − (∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)
𝑟=
√[𝑁 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥)2 ][𝑁 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)2 ]

20
 Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In this chapter, includes the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations for the

overall assessment of the “The Relation between Time Spent in Studying and Academic

Performance in General Mathematics among Grade 11 Students of Norzagaray National High

School” The researchers conduct a survey. The results helped the researchers identify the

possibilities as well as the limitation of the device. The data also yielded into concrete conclusion

and recommendation.

Findings

1. In this study, most of the respondents spend time in studying at least 15-30 minutes a day.

2. In this study, most of the respondents had an average of 75-80.

3. The study clearly shows that studying a lot of time has a relationship with the grade of

the respondents.

Recommendation

1. Find other factors that will affect the grades of students with strong relationship.

2. Based on the result, students should give more time ,M, Min studying in order to get a

high grades.

3. The respondents of the study are limited to 107 only. Survey more than 107 respondents

to prove that the number of hours the students spend in studying and academic performance in

Gen. Math is somehow have a strong relationship or still there is no relationship between the

two.

21
 Works Cited

References

Barnard, W.M. (2004). Parent involvement in elementary school and educational attainment.

Children and Youth Services Review.

Cabahug, L., Ladot, C (2005). The Academic Performance in Basic Mathematics of UPV Cebu

College Freshmen from School Years 2000-2001 to 2003-2004: A basis For Admission

to Degree Programs.

Cabatay Henny I. et al. (2011). Predictors of Academic success and achievement for College

Algebra. How attitudes affect grades?

Enu, J. et. al. (2015). Factors influencing students mathematics performance in some selected colleges of

education in ghana. Department of mathematics and ICT college of education, Komenda-Ghana.

Desoete, A. Valcke, M. (2011). Mathematics learning performance and mathematics learning difficulties

in China. Universities Gent. China.

Dinglasan, B. and Patena, A. (2013). Students performance on mathematics departmental examination:

basis for math intervention program lyceum of the philippines university. Batangas City,

Philippines.

International Journal of Innovative (2015). Academic achievement in mathematics in relation to study

habiets. Khalsa college Mahilpin, Punjab, India.

Kizlik, B. (2012). How to study and make the most of your time. Effective study skills.

Macalino et. Al. (2005). Attitudes towards learning and performance in mathematics among selected

secondary schools in kenya. Retrieve in Taylor Francis online.

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Marcial, E. and Valencia, D. (2010). Evaluation of the factors that determine quality in higher education:

an empirical study. Quality Assurance in Education.

Quijada, J. (2011). The effects of social networking site on students academic performance in up cebu.

Cebu City, Philippines.

Ramirez, M. J (2005). Attitudes toward mathematics and academic performance among Chilean 8th

Grades. TIMSS & PIRIS International Study Center, Boston College, 188 Beacon Street,

Chesnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.

Rivera, A. (2007). Factors affecting mathematics performance of laboratory high school students at

laguna state polytechnic university academic year 2009-2010. Siniloan Laguna, Philippines.

Torres, M. (2006). School context student attitudes and behavior and academic achievement: An

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