Grammar Helper

Units 1 & 2
Verb Tenses
 Simple Present
O Simple Present é usado para expressar ações no presente,
habituais, atividades permanentes, fatos cietíficos ou fenômenos
da natureza.

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Form Form Form
I have a date. Do I have a date? I don’t have a date.
She wakes up Does she wake up She doesn’t wake up
early. early? early.
It rains a lot in Does it rain a lot in It doesn’t rain a lot in
some places. some places? some places.
 Present Continuous
O Present Continuous é utilizado geralmente para descrever uma ação
que está acontecendo no momento da fala.

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Form Form Form
I’m singing. Am I singing? I’m not singing.
He’s singing. Is he singing? He isn’t singing.
They’re singing. Are they singing? They aren’t singing.
 Simple Past
O Simple Past refere-se a ações que ocorreram e foram encerradas no
passado.

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Form Form Form
I studied a lot. Did I study a lot? I didn’t study a lot.
She studied a lot. Did she study a lot? She didn’t study a lot.
They studied a lot. Did they study a lot? They didn’t study a lot.
You spent too much Did you spend too much You didn’t spend too much
money yesterday. money yesterday? money yesterday.
He came to see her. Did he come to see her? He didn’t come to see her.
They gave him a car. Did they give him a car? They didn’t give him a car.
 Simple Future (will)
O Simple Future é usado para expressar probabilidades, previsões e
ações a serem executadas logo após o enunciado.

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Form Form Form

I will teach in the future. Will I teach in the future? I won’t teach in the future.
I think he’ll arrive at 6 pm. Will he arrive at 6 pm? I think he won’t arrive at 6 pm.
They’ll talk to you in Will they talk to you in They won’t talk to you in
a minute. a minute? a minute.
Immediate Future (going to)
O futuro com going to indica ações planejadas e/ou certeza de que algo
vai acontecer em um futuro próximo.

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Form Form Form
I’m going to play. Am I going to play? I’m not going to play.

She’s going to play. Is she going to play? She isn’t going to play.
We’re going to play. Are we going to play? We aren’t going to play.
Some / any / no
Some, any, no e suas respectivas formas compostas são usados para
expressar quantidade indefinida e inexistência. As formas simples
normalmente acompanham substantivos incontáveis e substantivos no
plural.

Usa-se some em geral em frases afirmativas e em perguntas que

expressam oferta ou pedido.

There are some trees in the park.

Can I have some tea, please?
Would you like some bread?
Usa-se any em geral em frases negativas e interrogativas.

Is there any milk in the fridge?

They don’t have any food.

Usa-se no em geral em frases negativas com o verbo na forma afirmativa.

I need no help.
She had no fun at the party.
 Compound Forms
Os pronomes indefinidos possuem algumas formas compostas, que
seguem o uso de suas formas simples.

Formas compostas de some: somebody/someone, something e

somewhere.

He knows someone who can help.

I want to eat something.
They live somewhere near here.
 Compound Forms
Formas compostas de any: anybody/anyone, anything e anywhere.

Do not tell anyone about that.

I don’t know anything about physics.
Did you go anywhere yesterday?

Formas compostas de no: nobody/no one, nothing e nowhere.

There is nobody here.

There is nothing to do today.
We have nowhere to go.
Modal Verbs
Os modal verbs são seguidos de um verbo principal no infinitivo
sem to e não têm flexão de pessoa. Na forma negativa, deve-se
acrescentar not após o verbo auxiliar e, na forma interrogativa,
não se usa o auxiliar do. Além disso, esses verbos não possuem
particípio passado, futuro, infinitivo e terminações em –ing.

Veja a seguir o uso dos modal verbs can, could, may e would.
 Can / Could
Can e Could são verbos utilizados para pedir e dar permissão, expressar
habilidade e fazer pedidos. Usa-se can para falar de habilidades no
presente. Para expressar permissão e fazer pedidos, can é usado em
situações informais.

Affirmative Negative
Interrogative
Short Short
Form
Answers Answers
Can I go out,
Permissão Yes, you can. No, you can't.
Mom?
Can your uncle
Habilidade Yes, he can. No, he can't.
speak German?
Pedido Can you help me? Yes, I can. No, I can't.
 Can / Could
Could é utilizado para falarmos de habilidades no passado. Para
expressar permissão e fazer pedidos, could é usado em situações
formais.

Affirmative Negative
Interrogative
Short Short
Form
Answers Answers
Could we go out,
Permissão Yes, you could. No, you couldn't.
Mom?
Could Mr. Brown
Habilidade ride a bicycle when Yes, he could. No, he couldn't.
he was younger?
Could you help
Pedido Yes, I could. No, I couldn't.
me, sir?
 May
É um modal verb usado para falar sobre a possibilidade de algo
acontecer ou estar acontecendo e para indicar permissão de maneira
formal.

Affirmative Negative
Interrogative
Short Short
Form
Answers Answers
May your son go to
the concert with us, Yes, he may. No, he may not.
Mrs. Smith?

May I use your

computer, Mr. Yes, you may. No, you may not.
Harris?
 Would
Would é empregado para fazer convites, ofertas e pedidos gentilmente.

Affirmative Negative
Interrogative
Short Short
Form
Answers Answers
Would your sister
like to go to the Yes, she would. No, she wouldn't.
movies with me?
Would you like
Yes, I would. No, I wouldn't.
some fries?