Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Once the w/c ratio is established and the workability or The flowchart is a representation of
consistency needed for the specific design is chosen, the principal properties of “good”
concrete
the rest should be simple manipulation with diagrams
cement
and tables based on large numbers of trial mixes.
w/c ratio
aggregate
Such diagrams and tables allow an estimate of the
cement paste and aggregate
required mix proportions for various conditions and
mixing
permit predetermination on small unrepresentative
placement and handling of
batches. fresh concrete
curing
Therefore, a balance or compromise must be The mold is lifted, leaving the concrete to "slump," that
made between strength and workability. is, to spread or drop in height.
ACI Mix Design ACI Mix Design
Process of measuring the slump of fresh concrete Process of measuring the slump of fresh concrete
4. Estimation of mixing water and air content -- Approximate mixing water (lb./yd.3) and air content for different slumps
An estimation of the amount of water required and nominal maximum sizes of aggregates
for air- entrained and non-air-entrained
concretes can be obtained from Table 2. Non-Air-Entrained Concrete
One major disadvantage of concrete is its susceptibility to damage by single or multiple Slump(in)
1 to 2
freeze-thaw cycles. 3 to 4
6 to 7
Approximate mixing water (lb./yd.3) and air content for different slumps
and nominal maximum sizes of aggregates
Air-Entrained Concrete
Slump(in) 0.375
1 to 2 305
3 to 4 340
6 to 7 365
Air Content
Mild 4.5%
Moderate 6.0%
Extreme 7.5%
ACI Mix ACI Mix Design
Design
Mix Design Procedures
Mix Design Procedures
(a) Strength -- Without strength vs. w/c ratio data for a certain
material, a conservative estimate can be made for the
accepted 28-day compressive strength from Table 3.
weight of water
weight of cement
w c
7. Estimation of coarse aggregate content - The Volume of dry-rodded coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete for
percent different coarse aggregates and fineness moduli of fine aggregates
of coarse aggregate to concrete for a given maximum
size and fineness modulus is given by Table 4. Fineness Modulus
Max Aggregate (in.) 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
AC
SM Moisturecontent (MC) AC SM
WeightWater WeightOD SM
6.0%
yd.
0.4
0.40
Cement (ft3)
Air (ft3)
Step 8. Estimation of fine aggregate content by the Therefore, the fine aggregate must occupy a volume of:
absolute volume method.
Water: 280 lb./62.4 lb./ft.3 = 4.49 ft.3 3
27 ft. Volume ft.
3
VolumeFA ft.3
Cement: 700 lb./(3.15 x 62.4 lb./ft.3) = 3.56 ft.3
The SSD weight of the fine aggregate is:
Coarse Aggregate: 1,701 lb./(2.70 x 62.4 lb./ft.3) = 10.10 ft.3
3
3
3 3 3 VolumeFA ft. SGFA 62.4 lb. ft. FASSD lb.
Air: 6% x 27ft. /yd. = 1.62 ft.
Total 19.77
ft.3
Specific Gravity
Unit Weight
of Fine Aggregate
of Water
Specific Gravity
Increase the amount of aggregate by the amount equal to
of Fine Aggregate Unit Weight the surface moisture
of Water
ACI Mix Design ACI Mix Design Example
Example
Step 9. Compute stockpile weight based on moisture content
Step 9. Adjustment for moisture in the aggregate.
Fine aggregate required from the stockpile is:
The weight of aggregate from the stock pile is: 1,196 lb. (1 + 0.043) = 1,247.4 lb./yd.3 or 1,247 lb./yd.3
WeightStock Pile WeightOD 1 MC
Moisture Content 4.3%
The change in the weight water due to the moisture of Moisture Content 1%
the aggregate from the stock pile is: