DEDICATION

I dedicate all my efforts and struggles to my dear parents for their endless love, support and
encouragement. Also I devote the work of this internship report to respectable and honorable
teachers who taught and supported me in developing my personality as a competent
professional.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I thank Allah, who is the holder of my breaths, without his order nothing is possible.
I am highly thankful to my respectable teachers and friends and family members who were my
supporter throughout my educational career. I would like to thank Mr. Ahmed Tahir who
helped me this internship further I thank all the employees of the branch PTCL Dera Adda
Multan, where I have done my internship.
I have set light, an ever-burning flame of gratitude and deep sense of obligation to my
honorable teachers for their valuable guidance, constructive criticism and inspiring attitude
during my studies. I would like to pay my special regards to Sir Irfan Aslam who assist and
guided me properly on every stage of this internship program.
Last words are lacking to express my feelings and indebtedness to my affectionate Family and
Friends for their love, appreciations, which always stand by me mentally and spiritually during
all years of my study.
TABLE OF CONTENT

 Preface
 Company Profile
o PTCL- A Brief Description
o Historical Background
o Services
o Products
o Structural Organization
o PTCL Head Office Organization Chart
 Departments of PTCL
o Human Resource Management Dept.
o Finance Dept.
o Commercial Dept.
o Operational Dept.
o Technical Dept.
o IT Dept.
o Corporate Affairs Dept.
o Special Projects Dept.
 Telecommunication
o Signals
o Analog to Digital Conversion
 Switching
o Types of Switching
o Circuit Switching
o Packet Switching
o Difference b/w Circuit & Packet Switching

 Signaling
o Types of Signaling
o In band Signaling
o Out of Band Signaling
 PSTN
o Topology of PSTN
 Types of Telephone Exchange
o Local Exchange
o Tandem Exchange
o Transit Exchange
o Gateway
 ISDN DSLAM
 Protocols
o DTMF
o SS7
o H.248
o SIP
o H.323
 NMS
o Functionality
o Characteristics
 Types of DSL
o RADSL
o ADSL
o ADSL Lite
o HDSL
o IDSL
o SDSL
o VDSL
o Comparison b/w Types of DSL
 Topology of PSTN + DSL
 AAA Server
 NGN
o NGN Layers Architecture
o Access Layer
o Core Layer
o Control Layer
o Application Layer
o Topology of NGN
 Soft-Switch
 MSAG
 Call Setup Messages for SS7
o Initial address message (IAM)
o Subsequent address message (SAM)
o Address complete message (ACM)
o Call progress (CPG)
o Answer message (ANM)
o Connect (CON)
o Release (REL)
o Release complete (RLC)

 SIGTRAN
 G.711
 Power Supply System
 SWOT Analysis
 Conclusion & Recommendations
PREFACE

The purpose of this training is to acquaint the student with practical knowledge of working in the
organization. This report is prepared under the shadow of PTCL, Dera Adda Multan branch, whose
primary purpose is to familiarize the students with Switching & structure of network and their
practical implementation.

I tried my best to present all of my findings in this Report, while visiting the switching department
of PTCL and gained practically too much knowledge of telecom sector. In the report initially there
is introduction to PTCL and its brief description along with its services and products. After that,
Telecommunication, types of signals, their conversion and various protocols are discussed in
detail. As major objective is switching so, in the report Switching and its types is explained briefly.
Also the difference between circuit switching and packet switching is clarified. The report also
contains ISDN services, provided by PTCL, NGN, Protocols of Networks, NMS and different major
and vital role playing components of hardware such a DSLAM, MSAG, Soft switch along with The
Power Supply System of PTCL. At the end I expect that this report will help the reader to
understand the various problems/suggestions, methods and procedures that are in Practice in
“PTCL”.
COMPANY PROFILE

PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED A BRIEF

INTRODUCTION

Pakistan Telecommunication Company limited (PTCL) is the largest telecommunication service

provider in Pakistan with employee strength of around 30000 and 5.7 million customers. PTCL
also continues to be the largest CDMA operator in the country with 0.8 million V-Fone customers.
The company maintains a leading position in Pakistan as an Infrastructure Provider to the other
telecom operators and corporate customer of the country.

The company provides a verity of up-to-date home user, corporate and wholesale
communication services e.g. telephony, internet, television, video conferencing etc. The
company structure is spread over the entire country which facilitates the company in providing
services to the value added customers in every part of the Pakistan. Geographically the company
is divided into: Headquarters, north, South, Central, and west Zones and functionally in
Commercial, HR & Admin, Corporate Development, Finance, Operations and Technical
departments. The hierarchy of the company comprises of the following cadres: President and
CEO, Senior Executive Vice President, Executive Vice President, General Manager, Senior
Manager, Manager, Specialist, Management Trainee and Non-Management Employee. In April
2006, Emirates Telecommunication Corporation which is commonly known as Etisalat, assumed
management control of PTCL –part of the $2.6bn deal to buy a 26% stake in PTCL. The successful
privatization of PTCL and consequently Ufone, is hailed in a new ear for telecommunication in
Pakistan.

Etisalat has been the telecommunication service provider in the UAE since 1976and stands 140th
among the financial times top 500 corporations in the world in terms of market capitalizations.
Etisalat is currently operating in 16 countries of Middle East, Asia and Africa and is continuing to
pursue new mobile and fixed line opportunities in many growth markets.

PTCL has listed on Karachi Stock Exchange, Islamabad Stock Exchange, and Lahore Stock Exchange
with the name as follow:

KSE: PTCLA
LSE: PTC
ISE: PTC
Historical Background
These are few historical developments of PTCL through the years.

1947: Posts & Telegraph Dept. established

1962: Pakistan Telegraph & Telephone Dept.
1990-91: Pakistan Telecom Corporation
ALIS: 850,000
Waiting list: 900,000 Expansion Program of 900,000 lines initiated (500,000
lines by Private Sector Participation
400,000 lines PTC/GOP own resources).
1995: About 5 % of PTC assets transferred to PTA, FAB & NTC.
1996: PTCL Formed listed on all Stock Exchanges of Pakistan
1998: Mobile & Internet subsidiaries established

2000: Telecom Policy Finalized

2003: Telecom Deregulation Policy Announced
2005: 26 % Shares by Etisalat UAE through open bidding

SERVICES OF PTCL
Whether it is an office in the largest city of Pakistan or a home in a small village, PTCL is present
in every corner of Pakistan to serve its customers providing several services.
Some of its services are named below:

Broadband
IPTV
EVO Wireless
Dialup Internet
Telephone
Products

PTCL is a part of the consortium of three major submarine communication cable networks: SEA-
ME-WE 3, SEA-ME-WE 4 and I-ME-WE.

Voice

PTCL provides its fixed line telephone services in many cities of Pakistan.

Vfone Network Shutdown

Voice services used to be provided through PTCL's CDMA2000 network, which was broadcast
over the 1900 MHz WLL frequency under the 'Vfone' brand name, however the network was shut
down on 31 August 2016 nationwide.

Internet / High Speed Broadband

Being Pakistan's largest ADSL2+ provider, PTCL primarily provides its customers with ADSL
broadband, however as demand for higher bandwidth connections has increased, PTCL is
upgrading its customers to VDSL2 and FTTH GPON in a few major cities, namely Karachi, Lahore,
Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Peshawar.

Wireless

Wireless options are also available under the 'EVO Nitro' or 'CharJi Evo' brand names. The former
being based on EvDo Rev A and B, and the latter using LTE technology. This is done using PTCL's
1900 MHz WLL frequency that was previously used for their Vfone CDMA2000 network. There is
seamless LTE coverage in Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad, whereas there is coverage
for EvDo Rev B (up to 9.3 Mbps) in the remaining 200+ cities.

Ufone GSM is also a wholly owned subsidiary of PTCL, it also the 3rd largest cellular provider in
the country. It provides both GSM and HSPA+ services over the 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz bands.

IPTV

In addition to these services, PTCL also offers one of the world's first commercial Digital HD TV
services based on DVB-IPTV with the brand name of Smart TV. PTCL users can also stream live TV
using the SmartTV application for Windows and Android OS.