Colour Subs F CM

Colour substances in
food packaging materials
SNT Arbeidsrapport 3, 2003

3. March 2003
Colour substances in food packaging materials
Authors
Cato Brede (cato.brede@nmt-mrog.rl.no) Regional Food Control Authority, Norway
Ingun Skjevrak (ingun.skjevrak@nmt-mrog.rl.no) Regional Food Control Authority, Norway
Per Fjeldal (per.fjeldal@snt.no) Norwegian Food Control Authority
ØMERKE
ILJ T
M
241 570
Trykksak
Copyright: Statens Næringsmiddeltilsyn (SNT)

Utgiver: SNT
Foto forside: Gro Warholm
Trykk: Lobo Media AS, Oslo
Opplag: 375 – april 2003
ISSN 1503 - 2345 1

Contents
Preface – Programme for surveillance of food contact materials in Norway ..............................3
Summary ......................................................................................................................................4
Summary in Norwegian / Sammendrag .......................................................................................4
Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................................4
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................5
Pigments and dyes........................................................................................................................5
Colorants in plastics and inks...............................................................................................5
Pigment or dye?....................................................................................................................6
Classification of colorants....................................................................................................6
Registered colorants .............................................................................................................7
Inorganic pigments...............................................................................................................7
Organic azo pigments...........................................................................................................9
Organic non-azo pigments .................................................................................................15
Dyes....................................................................................................................................19
Colour application in food packaging materials ........................................................................21
Masterbatches for coloration of plastic materials ..............................................................21
Printing techniques.............................................................................................................24
Printing inks .......................................................................................................................25
Binders in printing inks ......................................................................................................25
UV- and EB-curing inks.....................................................................................................26
Coloration of paper.............................................................................................................29
Migration from colorants ...........................................................................................................30
Regulation of colorants in food packaging ................................................................................31
Europe ................................................................................................................................31
Germany .............................................................................................................................33
United States of America ...................................................................................................34
Industry recommendations .................................................................................................34
Conclusions ................................................................................................................................36
References ..................................................................................................................................65
2
Preface – Programme for surveillance of food contact materials in Norway
This report is a part of the Norwegian programme for surveillance of food contact materials
2002/2003.
The Norwegian Food Control Authority has since 1995 coordinated and provided financial
support on projects for surveillance of food contact materials. The regional food control
laboratory at Midt-Rogaland (Stavanger, Norway) carries out projects, which includes analytical
control, development of analytical methods, surveys of food contact materials etc.
The regional laboratory at Midt-Rogaland food control unit serves as a centre of expertise for the
Norwegian Food Control Authority on food packaging, and cooperates closely with the central
authority. In addition to projects, the Norwegian Food Control Authority focuses on follow-up of
consumer’s complaints concerning materials in contact with food. Analytical documentation from
the centre of expertise at Midt-Rogaland is vital for enforcement of the regulations within this
area.
3
Summary
Colorants are widely used in food packaging materials. In this report, the possibilities of
migration associated with the use of colorants in food packaging materials are discussed.
Chemical information on colorants, from scientific reports, industry reports, regulatory
information and information on the practice of colour application in food packaging materials is
presented. In addition, some preliminary results have been obtained from chemical analysis of
food simulants in contact with printed food packaging materials, indicating the presence of
certain primary aromatic amines. The report will be useful when planning future enforcement
campaigns aiming to test compliance with food packaging regulations.
Summary in Norwegian / Sammendrag
Fargestoffer er mye brukt i matemballasjematerialer. I denne rapporten diskuteres

mulighetene for migrasjon til mat, av stoffer som har tilknytning til bruk av fargestoffer i
matemballasje. Rapporten omfatter kjemisk informasjon om fargestoffer, samt informasjon fra
vitenskapelig litteratur, teknisk litteratur, industrirapporter og internasjonale regelverk. I tillegg er
det inkludert noen foreløpige analyseresultater av nærinsmiddelsimulant i kontakt med
trykkfarget matemballasje, som indikerer migrasjon av noen primære aromatiske aminer.
Rapporten vil være nyttig ved planleggingen av fremtidige kontrollkampanjer for å teste samsvar
med regelverket for matemballasjeprodukter.
Disclaimer
This report might contain errors. The reader is therefore advised to independently verify
any information that may be critical for the use in official business, industry, or elsewhere.
Denne rapporten kan inneholde feil. Leseren oppfordres til egenhendig å verifisere all
informasjon som kan være kritisk for offentlig, industriell eller annen bruk.
4
Introduction
According to the Council Directive 89/109/EEC, materials and articles intended to come into
contact with foodstuffs should not transfer their constituents to foodstuffs in quantities that could
endanger human health or bring about unacceptable change in the composition of the foodstuffs
or deterioration in the organoleptic characteristics thereof. Materials and articles made of plastic
are further regulated by Commission Directive 2002/72/EC, which contains a list of authorised
monomers and other starting substances for plastic production and also contains an incomplete
positive list of plastic additives. However, monomers and starting substances used only in the
manufacture of coatings and printing inks are not yet included. At present, there is no EU
directive that especially regulates colorants in food packaging. However, there are two Council of
Europe (CoE) resolutions, one concerning the use of colorants in plastic materials1 and one
concerning surface coatings that may contain colorants2. These resolutions will be relevant for
shaping the future EU regulations. Furthermore, several national regulations and industry norms
exist for the application of colorants in food packaging.
The objective of this report is to discuss possibilities of migration associated with the use of
colorants in food packaging materials. The information collected includes chemical information
on colour substances, scientific reports, industry reports, regulatory information and information
on the practice of colour application in food packaging materials. Most emphasis has been put on
the use of colorants in plastics and printing inks.
Pigments and dyes

Colorants in plastics and inks
Colorants that are integrated in plastic materials are treated as plastic additives in the technical
literature (Gächter et al. 1993, Murphy 1996). Colorants are also used in printing inks. When
printing on plastic materials, the colorants are not distributed uniformly in the materials and
hence will not easily fit into the plastic additive category. However, from a food packaging
legislative perspective, the printing becomes a part of the finished article or material. It is
1
Council of Europe resolution AP (89) 1 “On the use of colourants in plastic materials coming into contact with
food.”
2
Council of Europe Resolution AP (96) 5 “On surface coatings intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.”
5
therefore likely that the positive list for additives in the EU food-packaging directive for plastics
in the future will include printing inks.
Pigment or dye?
Colorants are either pigments or dyes. By definition, dyes are soluble at the molecular level in the
media where they are applied while pigments are virtually insoluble. Pigments are particles,
usually with a size in the 0.01 – 1 Pm range. The particle size is one of several parameters of
technical importance for the pigment products. Properties common to pigments and dyes include
thermal stability, lightfastness, weathering resistance, migration, and influence on rheological
properties of plastic melts. Most organic pigments have chemical structures that are closely
related to dyes, and some dyes become pigments after application (vat dyes).
Thermal stability depends on both temperature and time. Light might also cause degradation of
colorants, and hence methods have been developed for testing fastness to natural daylight or to
artificial light. Weathering resistance is of special relevance for plastic materials made for
outdoor use, where UV radiation, oxygen, temperature, moisture and atmospheric contaminants
contribute to the degradation of the colorant. In addition, degradation is affected by the type of
polymer and by the presence of UV absorbers, additives and other colorants.
Migration is a technical term with somewhat different meanings, depending on whether it is used
for describing the transfer of substances to foodstuffs or the movement of colorants within plastic
materials. The former meaning is of relevance in this report, while the latter is of technical
interest to plastic manufacturers. Pigments and dyes may also increase the viscosity of plastic
melts. This effect depends highly on the amount added and is more significant for pigments than
for dyes.
Classification of colorants
The Colour Index lists all dyes and pigments that are used commercially, according to the system
of Colour Index Generic Names and Colour Index Constitution Numbers3. This extensive list
3
Colour Index International 4th Edition; Society of Dyers and Colourists and American Association of Textile
Chemists and Colorists; http://www.colour-index.org/
6
contains 27 000 individual products under 13 000 Colour Index Generic Names, including
chemical structures, making it the most important reference for colorants. The Generic Name is
given according to area of application and method of coloration, while the Colour Index
Constitution Number (C.I.) is a chemical classification. The first part of the Generic Name is a
group name (e.g. “Pigment”) and the second part is a colour (e.g. “Black 7”) as in the example
“C.I. Pigment Black 7” for carbon black, which has the C.I. number 77266. Further details on the
properties, chemistry and market share of colorants can be obtained from the literature (Lewis
1988, Zollinger 1991). It is also possible to extract information on the production of colorants by
searching a patent database4.
Registered colorants
766 different colorant products were included in the present study, of which 56 were dyes and
710 were pigments (Table 9). The study focused on colorants applied for food contact materials,
based on available information given by the manufacturers. The numbers of chemically different
colour substances were 44 (dyes) and 127 (pigments) respectively, which represent a rather
limited fraction of the 13000 different colorants listed in the Colour Index. However, only a small
amount of all available colour substances have found a sufficient market share, and many are
unsuitable for the use in food packaging, e.g. due to the possibility of migration or degradation
into toxic compounds. Therefore, it may be difficult to extract a list of colorants that represents
the real assortment of products that are applied in food packaging today. However, the list given
in this report has to a large extent been limited by information obtained on suitability for food
packaging, and might therefore be useful to illustrate the variety of colorants that find their way
into food packaging.
Inorganic pigments
The most important white pigment is titanium dioxide (TiO2), Pigment White 6, and the most
important black pigment is carbon black (C), Pigment Black 7. Among all colorants for plastics,
these two pigments had market shares of 72 % and 13 % respectively in 1986 (Gächter et al.
1993). Titanium dioxide is known to accelerate oxidative degradation of plastics, which might be
prevented by surface treatment. Carbon black is often used in finely divided particles with high
4
United States Patent and Trademark Office; http://www.uspto.gov/patft/
7
surface tension, which makes dispersion in plastics somewhat difficult. Improved dispersion of
carbon black pigments may be achieved by a chemical modification of the surface, introducing
functional organic groups. One manufacturer of carbon black pigments has patented the process
of reacting carbon with diazonium salts, e.g. by using primary aromatic amines as starting
compounds5.
Table 1 Some of the registered inorganic pigments.
C.I. Generic Name C.I. Number Chemical structure

Pigment White 6 77891 Titanium dioxide; TiO2
Pigment Black 7 77266 Carbon black; C
Pigment Red 101 77491 Iron oxide; Fe2O3
Pigment Yellow 53 77788 Titanium/nickel/antimony oxide
Pigment Green 50 77377 Cobalt/titanium/nickel/zinc oxide
Pigment Blue 28 77346 Cobalt/aluminium/chrome oxide
Pigment Blue 36 77343 Cobalt/aluminium/chrome oxide
Pigment Brown 24 77310 Chrome/antimony/titanium oxide
Pigment Brown 29 77500 Chrome/iron oxide
Pigment Brown 31 77496 Zinc/iron oxide
Pigment Yellow 42 77492 Iron oxide, Fe2O3 × xH2O, FeO(OH)
Pigment Yellow 164 77899 Manganese/antimony/titanium oxide
Pigment Blue 29 77007 Sodium/aluminium silicate with sulphur in the crystal structure;
Na6-8Al6Si6O24S2-4
Pigment Yellow 34 77600 Lead chromate; PbCrO4
Pigment Red 104 77605 Lead chromate crystal with molybdenum and sulphur;
Pb(Cr, Mo, S)O4
Pigment Yellow 184 Bismuth vanadate; BiVO4
Trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may be present in carbon black,
which have caused some concern. There are purity requirements for pigments with respect to
PAH in several national regulations/recommendations. In Germany, toluene extracts of carbon
black should not exceed 0.15 %6. In France, benzene extracts of carbon black should not exceed
0.1 %, and also the level of 3,4-benzopyrene should be non-detectable7.
5
Belmont, J.A., 1996, “Process for preparing carbon materials with diazonium salts and resultant carbon products”,
US Patent number 5,554,739.
6
Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin (BgVV), 1.6.1994, ”IX. Farbmittel
zum Einfärben von Kunststoffen und anderen Polymeren für Bedarfsgegenstände“.
7
Les éditions du Journal officiel, “Matériaux au contact des denrées alimentaires produits de nettoyage de ces
matériaux”
8
Other coloured inorganic pigments were registered (Table 1). Many of these have high
temperature stability, and hence are suited for coloration of thermoplastic materials. However, the
use of heavy metals in colorants for food packaging is restricted by several national regulations,
due to environmental concerns and health hazards of possible metal migration to foodstuffs.
Countries that have regulations with upper limits for extractable amounts of certain metals
include Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Netherlands. Metals with limits are lead
(Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr),
and antimony (Sb). France has also included zinc (Zn).
Organic azo pigments

Organic azo pigments are characterised by the azo functional group (-N=N-). These pigments are
divided into monoazo-based pigments (one azo group), disazo-based pigments (two azo groups),
and disazo condensation pigments (special manufacturing process).
Monoazo-based pigments are colorants with shades of yellow and red. Among the registered
colorant products there were 181 different monoazo-based pigments of 35 chemically different
types (Table 2). In 1984, the monoazo-based orange pigments with the highest volumes in the
USA were Pigment orange 5, 36, 46, 13, and 34 (Lewis 1988). Examples of starting compounds
or intermediates are included in the table, while chemical structures for some of the monoazo-
based pigments can be found in Figure 1.
9
Table 2 Registered monoazo-based pigment types.
C.I. Generic Name C.I. CAS Examples of starting compounds*

Number number*
PIGMENT ORANGE 36 11780 12236-62-3 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline
PIGMENT ORANGE 46 15602 67801-01-8 2-amino-5-chloro-4-ethyl-benzenesulfonic acid
PIGMENT ORANGE 5 12075 3468-63-1 2,4-dinitroaniline
PIGMENT ORANGE 62 11775 75601-68-2
PIGMENT ORANGE 64 12760
PIGMENT RED 112 12370 6535-46-2
PIGMENT RED 146 12485 5280-68-2
PIGMENT RED 170 12475 2786-76-7
PIGMENT RED 184 12487 99402-80-9
PIGMENT RED 185 12516 61951-98-2
PIGMENT RED 2 12310 6041-94-7
PIGMENT RED 22 12315 6448-95-9
PIGMENT RED 23 12355 6471-49-4
PIGMENT RED 4 12085 2814-77-9
PIGMENT RED 48:1 15865:1 7585-41-3
PIGMENT RED 48:2 15865:2 7023-61-2 E-oxynaphthoic acid and
2-amino-4-chloro-5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid
PIGMENT RED 48:3 15865:3 15782-05-5
PIGMENT RED 48:4 15865:4 5280-66-0
PIGMENT RED 49:1 15630:1 1103-38-4 E-naphthol and 2-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid
PIGMENT RED 49:2 15630:2 1103-39-5
PIGMENT RED 52:2 15860:2 12238-31-2
PIGMENT RED 53 15585 2092-56-0
PIGMENT RED 53:1 15585:1 5160-02-1 E-naphthol and
PIGMENT RED 53:3 15585:3
2-amino-5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid
PIGMENT RED 8 12335 6410-30-6
PIGMENT YELLOW 1 11680 2512-29-0
PIGMENT YELLOW 151 13980 61036-28-0
PIGMENT YELLOW 154 11781 63661-02-9
PIGMENT YELLOW 183 18792
PIGMENT YELLOW 3 11710 6486-23-3
PIGMENT YELLOW 62:1 13940:1
PIGMENT YELLOW 74 11741 6358-31-2
*Included when found in the literature
10
Figure 1
Chemical structures of some monoazo-based pigments.
11
In 1984, one of the major red pigments in the USA was the monoazo-based Pigment red 3 (Lewis
1988). However, this pigment was not registered in the present study, and it is not known if it is
likely not to appear in any food packaging materials. Pigment red 3 has been subjected to
toxicological studies, resulting in some evidence of carcinogenic activity in rats8. Other major red
pigments in the USA in 1984 were Pigment red 48:2, 49:1, 52:1, 53:1, and 57:1 which are also
monoazo-based. Some examples of starting compounds or intermediates for these pigments are
included in Table 2.
Disazo-based pigments are colorants with shades in the yellow range. Among the registered
colorant products there were 80 different disazo-based pigments of 11 chemically different types
(Table 3). Chemical structures for some disazo-based pigments are given in Figure 2.
Table 3 Registered disazo-based pigment types.
C.I. Generic Name C.I. CAS number* Examples of starting compounds*

Number
PIGMENT ORANGE 13 21110 3520-72-7 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and
3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazol-5-one
PIGMENT ORANGE 16 21160 6505-28-8 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and aniline
PIGMENT ORANGE 34 21115 15793-73-4 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and
3-methyl-1-p-tolyl -2-pyrazol-5-one
PIGMENT RED 38 21120 6358-87-8
PIGMENT YELLOW 12 21090 6358-85-6 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and aniline
PIGMENT YELLOW 13 21100 5102-83-0 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and
2,4-dimethylaniline
PIGMENT YELLOW 14 21095 5468-75-7 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and 2-methylaniline
2-methoxyaniline
4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyaniline
8
“TR-407 Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of C.I. Pigment Red 3 (CAS No. 2425-85-6) in F344/N Rats and
B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies)”; National Toxicology Program, USA; http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov
12
Figure 2
Chemical structures of some disazo-based pigments.
In the United States, 80 % of all yellows used in 1984 were diarylide yellow pigments (Lewis
1988), with Pigment yellow 12, 13, 14, 17, and 83 being the most common. Pigment orange 16 is
the only one of the diarylide orange pigments to have gained a large production volume. The
chemical structure of diarylide yellow and orange pigments is shown in Figure 3. Z, V, and W
are hydrogen (H) and U is chlorine (Cl) in most of the diarylide pigments types. Hence, 3,3’-
dichlorobenzidine is a common starting substance in their production and may be present in the
13
pigments as a possible trace contaminant, as observed for Pigment yellow 12 (Nony and Bowman
1980). 3,3’-Dichlorobiphenyl, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compound, has also been
reported as a possible trace contaminant in diarylide pigments prepared from
3,3’-dichlorobenzidine (Lewis 1988). X and Y can be hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), methyl (CH3),
or methoxy (OCH3). Hence the starting substances or intermediates also include certain aniline
compounds (Table 3).
Figure 3
Chemical structures of diarylide yellow and orange pigments.
Disazo condensation pigments are colorants with shades in the brown, red and yellow range.
Among the registered colorant products there were 50 different disazo condensation pigments of
9 chemically different types (Table 4).
Table 4 Registered disazo condensation pigment types.
C.I. Generic Name C.I. Number CAS number*

PIGMENT BROWN 23 20060
PIGMENT RED 144 20735 5280-78-4
PIGMENT RED 166 20730 3905-19-9
PIGMENT RED 214
PIGMENT RED 220 20055
14
Primary aromatic amines (PAA) are often used as starting compounds in the production of
organic azo pigments. Trace amounts of PAA can remain in the finished pigment products and
possibly migrate into foodstuffs from food packaging where the pigments have been applied. In
order to avoid such migration, several national regulations/recommendations have included a
limit of 0.05 % for acid extractable aromatic amines in colorants (expressed as aniline). From a
food control perspective, it would be of interest to include some of the primary aromatic amines
mentioned in this report in analytical methodology for future enforcement campaigns, because
their migration from coloured or printed food packaging may contribute significantly to the total
level of aromatic amines. The migration issue of aromatic amines from polyurethane adhesives
have previously been assessed by the EU Scientific Committee on Food, and work has been
initiated in the European Standardisation Organisation (CEN) for development of analytical
methods for determination of aromatic amines in food simulants. In contrast to aromatic amines
originating from isocyanates in adhesives reacting with moisture, the aromatic amines originating
from colorants may already be present as monomer impurities in the food packaging. Therefore,
for these colour specific amines, it would be an advantage to have available analytical methods
for testing migration to the fatty food simulant (olive oil) in addition to methods for the aqueous
food simulants. In this context it must be mentioned that analyses of 30-40 pigments carried out
at a commercial laboratory with the ETAD-method 212 did not show any levels of aromatic
amines above the detection limit (12.5 mg/kg)9. On the other hand, guidelines published by the
Flexible Packaging Association indicate the possibility of positive test results of aromatic amine
migration originating from use of certain dyes and pigments, such as diarylide pigments10.
Organic non-azo pigments

Among the organic non-azo pigments registered (Table 5), the phthalocyanine pigments seem to
be the most abundant. 117 different pigment products of 7 chemically different types are based
on phthalocyanine. In 1984, the major blue and green pigments were Pigment blue 15, 15:1, 15:2,
15:3, 15:4 and Pigment green 7 (Lewis 1988). The starting substances for the production of the
Pigment blue 15 types can be isobenzofuran-1,3-dione and urea to produce the intermediate
9
Jörn Schreitmüller, RCC, Switzerland. Personal communications.
10
Flexible Packaging Association (FPA), 2001, “FPA Guidelines for laminating with isocyanate containing
adhesives”, Reference FPA/3496.
15
isoindole-1,3-dione. Chemical structures of phthalocyanine-based and other nonazo-based
pigments are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
Chemical structures of some nonazo-based pigments.
16
Table 5 Registered non-azo pigment types.
Class C.I. Generic Name C.I. Number CAS number*

Phthalocyanine PIGMENT BLUE 15 74160 147-14-8
PIGMENT BLUE 15:1 74160 147-14-8
PIGMENT BLUE 15:2 74160 147-14-8
PIGMENT BLUE 15:3 74160 147-14-8
PIGMENT BLUE 15:4 74160 147-14-8
PIGMENT GREEN 36 74265 14302-137
PIGMENT GREEN 7 74260 1328-53-6
Quinacridone PIGMENT ORANGE 48 73900/73920
PIGMENT ORANGE 49 73900/73920
PIGMENT RED 122 73915 980-26-7
PIGMENT VIOLET 19 73900 1047-16-1
PIGMENT VIOLET 42
Perylene PIGMENT RED 123 71145 24108-89-2
PIGMENT RED 149 71137 4948-15-6
PIGMENT RED 179 71130 5521-31-3
PIGMENT VIOLET 29 71129
Tetrachloroisoindolinone PIGMENT YELLOW 109 56284
Isoindoline PIGMENT ORANGE 61 11265
Anthraquinone PIGMENT BLUE 60 69800 81-77-6
PIGMENT RED 177 65300 4051-63-2
PIGMENT YELLOW 147 60645 4118-16-5
Dioxazine PIGMENT VIOLET 23 51319 6358-30-1
PIGMENT VIOLET 37 51345
Pigment green 7 is produced from Pigment blue 15 by chlorination. Pigment green 36 is

produced from Pigment blue 15 by bromination followed by chlorination. Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) may appear in these green pigments due to side reactions during the production.
It is possible to control the level of PCB contamination by applying good manufacturing practices
(GMP). The problem has been recognized by the industry, and there exists an analytical guideline
for determination of PCBs in colorants11, which includes reference to several analytical methods
11
Analytical guideline A 4003-3/1989. Guidelines for the determination of inadvertent polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) in colorants. Ecological and Toxicological Association of the Dyestuffs Manufacturing Industry (ETAD).
17
developed for this purpose. The Council of Europe (CoE) Resolution AP (89) 112 has
recommended that the level of extractable PCBs in pigments should not exceed 25 mg/kg,
expressed as decachlorobiphenyl13.
34 quinacridone pigment products were registered from 7 chemically different types. Aniline is
one of the reactants for the production of these pigments, and trace amounts of the substance may
therefore be found in the products. In 1984, one of the major violet pigments in the USA was
Pigment violet 19 (Lewis 1988).
7 perylene pigment products were registered from 5 chemically different types. The synthesis of
perylene pigments starts with acenaphthene, which is oxidised to 1,8-naphthalic anhydride
followed by conversion into 1,8-naphthalimide and then condensation to give perylene-3,4:9,10-
tetracarboxylic acid diimide. Aliphatic or aromatic amines may be added in a later stage of the
pigment synthesis.
16 tetrachloroisoindolinone pigment products were registered from 2 chemically different types.

Pigment yellow 110 is one of the major yellow pigments. According to a patented preparation of
tetrachloro-isoindolinone pigments14, the starting compounds may be 1,4-diaminobenzene,
o-dichlorobenzene, and 3,3,4,5,6,7-hexachloroisoindolin-1-one. Other aromatic diprimary amino
compounds may be used for production of tetrachloroisoindolinone pigments, e.g.
4,4’-methylenedianiline, 1,3-diaminobenzene, and 1,2-diaminobenzene. 8 isoindoline pigment
products were registered from 3 chemically different types. The starting compounds for the
synthesis of the pigments are either aminoiminoisoindoline or diiminoisoindoline.
A monocondensation product with cyanoacetanilide may be isolated and further condensated to
give the pigments.
17 anthraquinone pigment products were registered from 4 chemically different types. The starting
compounds and intermediates include anthracene, which is oxidised into anthraquinone, then
12
“On the use of colourants in plastic materials coming into contact with food”
13
food.”
14
Pugin, A., 1961, “4,5,6,7-tetrachlororo-3-imino-isoindoline-1-one derivatives”, US Patent number 2,973,358.
18
sulphonated and aminated to give 2-amino-anthraquinone. For other anthraquinone pigments, the
starting compound is 1-amino-anthraquinone.
14 dioxazine pigment products were registered from 2 chemically different types. In 1984, one of
the major violet pigments in the USA was Pigment violet 23 (Lewis 1988). 9-ethylcarbazole is
used as a starting substance for the synthesis, followed by nitration and reduction to give 3-
amino-N-ethylcarbazole and then condensation with chloranil.
Dyes
57 different dye products were registered, of which 11 were anthraquinone based and 6 were
azo-based (Table 6). For coloration of plastics, it is practical to use azo- or anthraquinone dyes,
which are soluble in the aliphatic or aromatic plastic materials. Dyes are more susceptible to
migration, which has limited their use for mass coloration of plastics to materials like unmodified
polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and unplasticized PVC (Gächter et al. 1993). In this
context it must be mentioned that plasticizer additives (phthalates etc.) may promote migration of
colorants, including pigments. Dyes are used only sparsely compared with pigments, for
coloration and printing of plastic food packaging materials and articles. Chemical structures of a
few dyes are shown in Figure 5.
19
Table 6 Registered dyes.
Class C.I. Generic Name C.I. Number* CAS number*

Monoazo ACID BLACK 52 15711 5610-64-0
ACID YELLOW 166
SOLVENT RED 195
SOLVENT YELLOW 146
Disazo SOLVENT RED 24 26105 85-83-6
Phthalocyanine SOLVENT BLUE 70 12237-24-0
SOLVENT BLUE 67 147-14-8
Perylene SOLVENT GREEN 5 59075 79869-59-3
Anthraquinone ACID BLACK 260
DISPERSE RED 60 60756 12223-37-9
DISPERSE VIOLET 57
SOLVENT BLUE 136
SOLVENT BLUE 35 61554 17354-14-2
SOLVENT BLUE 68 61110 4395-65-7
SOLVENT VIOLET 13 60725 81-48-1
SOLVENT YELLOW 163 58840 13676-91-1
Figure 5
Chemical structures of some dyes.
20
Colour application in food packaging materials
Masterbatches for coloration of plastic materials
The incorporation of colours in plastic materials by use of masterbatches is well described in a
leaflet from the Masterbatch Association in Germany15. A masterbatch is defined as “a highly
concentrated colour and/or additive system contained in a resin matrix for addition, at low levels,
to uncoloured resin during extrusion.” Masterbatches consist of colorants, additives and a plastic
carrier material. Universal masterbatches utilize carrier resins like waxes, polyethylene or
ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), which can be mixed with several thermoplastic
materials. An identical thermoplastic material, as used in the finished product, may also be used
as a carrier resin in the masterbatch.
Additives are used in order to achieve technical effects in plastic materials. Additives may be
implemented in separate masterbatches or in multifunctional masterbatches that contain both
colorants and additives. The discussion of plastic additives in general is beyond the scope of this
report. However, it must be mentioned that complex interactions exist between polymers,
additives and pigments (Allen et al. 1998b). For instance, both synergistic and antagonistic
effects on thermal degradation of plastics have been reported for titanium dioxide pigments with
different plastic stabilizers (Allen and Katami 1996, Allen et al. 1998a).
Dyes are soluble in polymers and may be used for coloration of transparent plastics. However,
due to their solubility, migration can occur in plastic materials. Pigments are insoluble in
polymers, which is an advantage in terms of migration resistance. Inorganic pigments offer low-
cost, but several types have been banned due to worldwide restriction on the use of heavy metals
like lead and cadmium. The two most common inorganic pigments are titanium dioxide (white)
and carbon black. Pigments are almost exclusively added to masterbatches for coloration of
plastic materials, while dyes are not often used for this purpose16. However, one exception is the
use of fluorescent dyes in masterbatches.
15
”Masterbatches in practice”, Masterbatch Association, http://www.vdmi.de
16
Hans Jørgen Røgeberg, Kunststoff Teknikk, Norway. Personal communications.
21
Organic pigments have limited temperature stability compared to the inorganic pigments, which
might be an important issue during processing (e.g. injection moulding, blowing or extrusion).
The process temperature for thermoplastics may range from 160 qC in films to over 300 qC for
injection moulding applications. Colorants, which are the major components of masterbatch
formulations, can be extremely temperature susceptible. Thermal degradation of colorants may
result in colour mismatch or possibly in creation of substances that can migrate to food.
Diarylide pigments are known to decompose at temperatures above 200 qC, resulting in the
release of soluble and possibly harmful monoazo compounds17. By contact with a printing ink
manufacturer, it was informed that diarylide pigments might degrade at temperatures well below
200 qC. At temperatures above 240 qC, these pigments degrade further, resulting in the release of
the pigment monomer 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine, which is reasonably anticipated to be a human
carcinogen18. A summary of important limitations for the use of diarylide pigments is given in
Table 7.
The interactions between colorant and polymer at increased temperature was investigated for
some yellow and red azo pigments (Zhou et al. 1993). One paper discusses the use of Pigment
Blue 29 in polycarbonate and the possibility of pigment or polymer degradation during
processing at elevated temperatures (Factor et al. 1998). Some acid dyes have been shown to
affect the thermal stability of nylon 66 (Lin et al. 1998), and one paper report the reduced thermal
stability of a polymer, likely due to the adsorption of the thermal stabiliser additive by a
phthalocyanine pigment (Maatoug et al. 2000).
The masterbatch must be chosen with the use of the finished product in mind. For instance, some
colorants may be soluble in vegetable oil. Migration may therefore occur, if such colorants are
used in food packaging of fatty foodstuffs. One paper describes the leaching of colorants from
some pigmented plastic packaging materials to food (Raj et al. 1990). In our laboratory, the
migration testing of a red polyolefin bottle with 3 % acetic acid food simulant resulted in pink
17
Thermal Decomposition of Diarylide Pigments, ETAD Information Notice No. 2 (1990). Ecological and
Toxicological Association of the Dyestuffs Manufacturing Industry (ETAD), Basel, Switzerland.
18
10th Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program, USA, http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/
22
coloration of the simulant19. Another important point to consider is high temperature use of the
finished article, e.g. cooking utensils, in which the possibility of pigment degradation and
pigment migration during use should not be overlooked. Recently, lead migration was determined
at different pH and heat levels from plastic articles with lead-containing pigments intended for
microwave use (Inthorn et al. 2002). Correlations of parameters affecting the migration were
established, and all migration levels were found to be lower than 1 mg Pb / l.
Table 7
Recommendations for the safe use of diarylide pigments, according to Ecological and Toxicological
Association of the Dyestuffs Manufacturing Industry (ETAD).
Application Polymer Process Compounds released Recommendations

temperature (qC)
Mass Polypropylene 250 - 300 Monoazo compounds Diarylide pigments should not be
coloration of Polyamide and used
fibres Polyester 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine
Injection Polypropylene 250 - 280 Monoazo compounds Diarylide pigments should not be
moulding and used
3,3’-dichlorobenzidine
Injection Polyethylene 220 - 260 Monoazo compounds Not recommended due to
moulding Polystyrene and possibly difficulties in temperature control
3,3’-dichlorobenzidine
Film and foil Polyethylene 180 - 220 Trace amounts of Not for direct food contact use
monoazo compounds
Low Polyvinylchloride < 200 Diarylide pigments can be used
temperature Other polymers when temperature control is
applications adequate
Inks < 200 Diarylide pigments can be used,
but with warning on the possibility
of higher temperatures in the
printing process
19
Ingun Skjevrak, Regional Food Control Authority, Norway. Unpublished data.
23
Printing techniques
Flexography printing is a major technique for the packaging industry, applicable for substrates
like paper, cardboard and plastic films. The printing plate is flexible and located on a roller.
Rubber or other polymers can be used for making printing plates, where the image area is
elevated above the plate surface. Ink fluid is first applied to a metal roller (“anilox roller”) with
etched cells and is subsequently transferred to the printing plate. The substrate is often supplied
continuously, making the printing process highly efficient by using rapidly drying ink.
The gravure technique is capable of highly detailed printing. Gravure utilizes printing plates
that often consist of printing images etched into the surface of metal rollers. The image area
consists of thousands of tiny cells, differing somewhat in volume. Ink enters the cells when the
cylinder is rolled into ink. Excess ink is removed by a thin piece of stainless steel (“doctor
blade”) before printing onto the substrate. The substrate, for instance paper or plastic films, can
be supplied continuously (“rotogravure”). Gravure and flexography use quite similar ink
formulations.
Web offset and sheet fed offset (lithography) are commonly used printing techniques for paper
and cardboard respectively. The ink image is first transferred (“offset”) from printing plates to a
blanket before being printed onto the substrate. On the printing plates, both the image area and
the non-image area are at the same surface level. The image area is non-polar (hydrophobic),
while the non-image area is polar (hydrophilic). Offset inks often contain vegetable oil as carrier
and are emulsified in water. Briefly explained, due to its hydrophobic nature, the ink will be
attracted to the non-polar image area of the printing plate and not to the non-image area.
Screen-printing can be applied to a wide variety of substrates, including paper, plastic, metal,
glass, and textiles. In contrast to other printing techniques, screen-printing utilizes a porous mesh
screen for application of ink to the substrates. The ink is forced through small apertures in the
mesh and onto the substrate. The inks used in screen printing are either solvent-based, water-
based, plastisol inks, or UV inks. Plastisol inks are composed of PVC particles that are bound
together after the printing by drying at 160 qC. UV inks dry by polymerisation initiated by UV-
light.
24
Printing inks
Information on printing inks was obtained from an excellent report published on the Internet20. In
general, printing inks consist of colorant (5-30 %), binder (15-60 %), solvent (20-70 %) and
additives (1-10 %). Colorants are either pigments or dyes. Inorganic pigments like carbon black
and titanium dioxide are used in black and white inks respectively. Additionally, calcium
carbonate might be used in white inks as a pigment extender. Organic pigments are almost
exclusively used in coloured inks for food packaging, while dyes seldom are used for this
purpose21. Typically, phtalocyanine pigments are used for green and blue shades, while pigments
with azo groups might be used for red and yellow shades.
Binders in printing inks

The main function of the binder is to fix the colorant to the printed substrate. The binders are
sometimes referred to as resins, which are polymeric materials appearing as viscous liquids.
Resins include modified natural rosin from pine trees, asphalt from crude oil (only suitable for
black inks), alkyd esters, chemically modified cellulose (nitrated, ethylated, etc) and fully
synthetic resins like acrylic resins, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide resins,
polyurethane resins and epoxy resins.
Solvents in printing inks

Ink solvents include water or organic solvents like aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones,
esters, and alcohols. Examples of organic solvents are toluene, xylene, petroleum fractions,
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-propyl
acetate, isobutyl acetate, methoxy propanol, ethoxy propanol, methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol
and n-propanol. Migration of solvents from printing ink to food should be avoided from a health
perspective, but also because solvents can be a possible source for off-flavour in the food (Huber
et al. 2002). Alkylbenzenes (C10-C13 alkyl chains) used as solvents in printing ink were found to
migrate to hamburger rolls and to Tenax food simulant (Aurela et al. 2001) at levels of 2 mg/kg
in the rolls.
20
Claudia Dittmer and Dirk T. Mayer (ed.), lectures of Prof. Dr. W. Faigle, University of Printing and Media,
Stuttgart, Germany (1997). http://www2.hdm-stuttgart.de/projekte/printing-inks/inf_gertex.htm
21
Helge Viker, Torda Ink, Norway. Personal communications.
25
Certain inks utilize a “drying oil” or a liquid monomer as a solvent. Such inks dry by oxidation of
the “drying oil” or by polymerisation of the monomer. The produced polymer becomes part of
the binder. Polymerization of the monomer can be brought about by initiation with radiation,
either UV or an electron beam (EB), after the ink has been printed onto the substrate. However,
this requires that the ink also contain a photoinitiator substance, e.g. benzophenone.
UV- and EB-curing inks

UV-inks are mostly used on cardboard and labels. Previously, migration of benzophenone has
been observed from printed paperboard to food, at levels up to 0.4 mg/kg with storage and 1.0
mg/kg with microwave heating (Johns et al. 1995). Benzophenone and some other volatile model
substances were shown to migrate from PE-coated paperboard, even at low temperature (-20qC)
storage (Johns et al. 2000). Two other photoinitiators are 4,4’-bis(dimethyl-amino) benzophenone
(Michler’s ketone) and 4,4’-bis(diethylamino) benzophenone (DEAB), which have been
determined in printed food packaging cardboard (Castle et al. 1997). Only low levels were found,
indicating that their origin was from recycled material. Michler’s ketone is reasonably anticipated
to be a human carcinogen22 and is therefore put on exclusion lists by the industry23. In addition to
benzophenone, typical photoinitiators include 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-1-phenyl ketone (Irgacure
184), benzyldimethyl ketal, 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethyl-amino benzoate (Quantacure EHA), 2-
methyl-1(4-(methylthio)phenyl)2-morpholinopropan-1-one (Irgacure 907) and
isopropylthioxanthone (Quantacure ITX). Typical monomers used in UV inks are acrylate esters,
including propoxylated glyceryl triacrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate,
tripropylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetra-acrylate,
trimethylol propane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate, hexane diol
diacrylate, and propoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate. Migration of such photoinitiators
and monomers has recently been studied from substrates printed with UV inks (Papilloud and
Baudraz 2002). It is known that some off-odour problems might exist with certain photoinitiators,
which might have contributed to delay the use of UV-inks in flexible food packaging materials24.
22
23
Exclusion list for printing inks and related products (2001). European Council of Paint, Printing Ink and Artists’
Colours (CEPE).
24
Helge Viker, Torda Ink, Norway. Personal communications.
26
Coating with a transparent varnish is another common application, which utilizes polymerisation
induced by radiation. Such coating or other coating techniques might be used for covering a
previously printed surface. For instance, if a food packaging material is printed on the outside,
coating might be applied on top of the printing in order to avoid direct contact between the inner
food contact layer and printed surface when the material is rolled. This will avoid the transfer of
substances in the ink to the food contact surface and subsequently to food that is packed in the
material.
In UV or electron beam (EB) cured coating and printing techniques, the use of ionising radiation
from a UV or EB source may be suspected to cause photodegradation of the printed colorants.
For instance, 4,4’-bis(dimethyl-amino) benzophenone (Michler’s ketone) might be a potential
migrant in food packaging materials due to its possible formation by chemical or
photodegradation of several violet dyes or pigments (Salafranca and Franz 2000). In this context
it is relevant to mention that the effects of electron beam irradiation on the migration of
antioxidants and their degradation products have previously been investigated (Bourges et al.
1993). A selection of the many papers on photodegradation of dyes (Katsuda et al. 1996,
Sokolowska-Gajda 1996, Katsuda et al. 1997, Katsuda et al. 1998a, Katsuda et al. 1998b,
Sokolowska-Gajda 1998) indicate a possibility of increased degradation with type of polymer and
with the presence of photosensitising compounds like benzophenone, and decreased degradation
with the addition of UV-absorbing compounds. Benzophenone can be used as a photoinitiator in
UV inks, but its effect on colorant degradation in these inks still remains to be studied. It must be
mentioned that there have been scientific work carried out in the industry on pigment
degradation, and some producers of UV/EB curing printing ink systems are aware of the
possibility of degradation of certain pigments during such printing processes25.
It is common to test the photodegradation of a colorant by photometric measurement of the

colour change. It can be argued that no harmful degradation products will occur if there are no
observations of colour mismatch to indicate such a phenomenon. On the other hand, even low
25
Jim Freid, Wikoff Color Corp., USA. Personal communications.
27
amounts of a substance originating from unnoticeable colorant degradation might comprise a
health hazard, depending on the toxicity of the substance. Pigment analysis in addition to
migration testing of printed food packaging materials might provide some answers, for instance
by screening for certain colour specific aromatic amines.
UV curing ink systems that utilize photoinitiators like benzophenone are known to cure by a free
radical mechanism (“free radical UV systems”). UV cationic inks are also based on photo-
polymerisation of the ink, but follow a different mechanism for curing. UV cationic inks have
generally been known to utilize triarylsulphonium salts as photoinitiator compounds. Some
concern has been expressed on the use of UV cationic inks for printing onto food packaging, due
to appearance of benzene in printed food packaging materials. The benzene originates from
triarylsulphonium photoinitiators as a degradation product and should not appear when using free
radical UV systems or UV cationic inks with non-benzene generating photoinitiators26.
Additives in printing inks

A broad range of additives can be used in inks for achieving different technical effects.
Antioxidants are added to protect the ink during the printing process. Optical brighteners are
fluorescent chemicals used to make the ink more brilliant. Cobalt or manganese can be added as
catalysts to accelerate oxidative drying. Phenols can be employed in order to avoid and delay the
oxidative drying in the printing machine, by competing with the “drying oil” for reactions with
oxygen. Adhesion promoters, e.g. titanium chelates, can be used for strengthening the bond
between the binder and the substrate. In this case, both the binder and the substrate must contain
hydroxyl groups. For instance, a polyethylene film must be pretreated in order to have a
hydroxyl-modified surface. Waxes can be used for introducing water resistance to the printed
surface, while plasticizers, e.g. phthalates or citric acid esters, introduce flexibility. Migration of
phthalates from printing inks have previously been studied (Castle et al. 1989, Nerin et al. 1993)
and it has further been shown that migration of di-n-butylphthalate through PE films will depend
on type of solvent used in the printing ink (Piergiovanni et al. 1999). Surfactants reduce surface
tension while defoaming agents, e.g. silicones, are employed in order to decrease foaming caused
26
Cationic UV curable printing inks. Information Note (2000). British Coatings Federation Ltd. UK.
28
by surfactants. Biocides added to ink prevent microbial degradation, which might be a problem
especially in water-based inks.
Printing can be applied on the outer or inner surface, or in the middle of a food packaging
material. Migration from an outer printed layer cannot be ruled out, especially for materials with
high permeability, like paper or cardboard. Migration from outer surface of such food packaging
materials has previously been indicated by observation of migrated wax coating in foodstuffs
(Castle et al. 1994). It is rather common to encounter printing in a middle layer of food packaging
materials. For instance flexible food packaging materials may be produced by lamination of pre-
printed plastic films, in a sandwich type assembly. If ink related migrants are present in the inner
layer, migration into food simulant may occur through a polyethylene or polypropylene barrier
layer, similar to the migration previously observed of components from lamination adhesives
(Brauer and Funke 1991, Lawson et al. 1996, Lawson et al. 2000, Brede et al. 2003).
Printing on the inner surface of packaging materials might also be encountered, and if coating is
not applied, there will be direct contact between ink and the food. Potential of migration from
such inks has recently been studied (Bradley 2002). A number of compounds were detected, for
which worst-case migration assessments were performed. The report gave no indications that any
specific migration limits could be exceeded.
Coloration of paper
Applications of fillers and colorants in the papermaking industry are described in the literature
(Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 1990). Fillers are added to paper in order
to improve fibre distribution and fill in void volumes to give better formation and sheet structure.
Fillers also improve the texture to give a smoother surface, increase the opacity and increase the
printability of the paper. Compounds used as fillers include kaolin clay, calcinated clay, calcium
carbonate, titanium dioxide, talc, aluminium trihydrate, amorphous silica and silicate. Fillers may
also be classified as white inorganic pigments, and especially titanium dioxide has a high
refractive index and will hence reflect much light to produce a bright white paper.
29
Synthetic organic colorants are the most commonly used for coloration of paper. These may be
divided into acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes and pigments. Acid dyes have good solubility in
water, due to sulphonic acid groups, and are mostly used for surface coloration. Acid dyes lack
affinity for cellulose and can migrate in the paper, which is a technical disadvantage and makes
them unsuitable for internal coloration. Basic dyes can attach to anionic sites such as lignin on
unbleached paper. Bleached paper pulps can also be dyed with basic dyes, but this will require
the use of a so-called tanning agent. Direct dyes are chemically similar to acid dyes, but unlike
acid dyes they have a direct affinity for cellulose. Pigments have no direct affinity for cellulose
and when used in paper colouring they are retained by mechanical entrapment in the paper web.
Several of the dyes used today have azo functional groups, and migration of related primary
aromatic amines from paper and board have previously been assessed (Brauer and Funke 2001).
Migration from colorants

A few printed flexible multilayer plastic materials were sampled. Pouches made of these
materials were filled with the official EU food simulants A (water) and B (olive oil) and
subjected to temperature and time conditions close to their intended use. Based on the
information obtained in the present survey, it was decided to screen for the following primary
aromatic amines (PAA): Methylaniline, dimethylaniline, and o-anisidine. Because these PAA
compounds have a sufficient volatility, they could be determined in the olive oil using a
straightforward GC-MS method that was previously published (Brede et al. 2002). The methods
for their determination in water were either based on solid-phase extraction followed by GC-MS,
without any derivatization, or by a previously published method with derivatization (Brede et al.
2003). Identification was based on mass spectrum recognition. The detection limits in water and
olive oil are approximately at the 0.1 and 20 Pg/kg levels respectively. The results, which are
shown in Table 8, are preliminary and can only be used to indicate the presence of the amines in
the food simulants. However, an important observation for two of the materials was the presence
of aromatic amines in food simulant from pouches with a printed pattern and not from pouches of
exactly the same material without the printed pattern. Hence, the migration of aromatic amines in
these cases was associated with the application of printing ink. Their origin may be monomer
impurity in the printing ink pigments. Several aromatic amines are anticipated to be human
30
carcinogens27. Because somewhat higher migration levels are expected for fatty than for aqueous
foodstuffs, it will be of special interest to further develop methods for the determination of
PAA’s in the fatty food simulant (olive oil).
Table 8 Primary aromatic amines detected in water and olive oil food simulants.
Material 2-Methylaniline 2,4-Dimethylaniline 2-Methoxyaniline

number (CAS# 95-53-4) (CAS# 95-68-1) (CAS# 90-04-0)
Water Olive oil Water Olive oil Water Olive oil
LAM035* n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
LAM052 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
LAM053 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
LAM055* n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
LAM056 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.
* Detected for pouches made with printed pattern and not detected for pouches made without printed pattern
n.d.: Not detected
Regulation of colorants in food packaging

Europe
The Framework Directive (89/109/EEC) applies to all materials and articles intended to come
into contact with foodstuffs. In lack of specific regulations for colorants in food packaging, any
migration originating from the use of colorants still has to follow the general rule of not
representing any danger to human health or lead to unacceptable change in the food composition.
The Council of Europe (CoE) Resolution AP (89) 1 “On the use of colorants in plastic materials
coming into contact with food” is of special relevance in this context28. It recommends that
colorants should be sufficiently integrated within the plastic materials and articles in order to
preclude any visible migration into foodstuffs. Furthermore, colorants should be tested in order to
meet purity criteria concerning given amounts of soluble or extractable residues of certain metals
and metalloids, aromatic amines, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). The metals with limits
are antimony (<0.05 %), arsenic (<0.01 %), barium (<0.01 %), cadmium (<0.01 %), chromium
27
28
food.”
31
(<0.1 %), lead (<0.01 %), mercury (<0.005%), and selenium (<0.01 %). The total content of
primary unsulphonated aromatic amines soluble in 1 M HCl and expressed as aniline should not
exceed 500 mg/kg. The total content alone of benzidine, 2-naphtylamine, and 4-aminobiphenyl
should not exceed 10 mg/kg. The content of extractable sulphonated aromatic amines should not
exceed 500 mg/kg, but the limit “can be exceptionally exceed if adequate supporting data on the
technological need are provided”. There is also a special purity condition for carbon black, which
should be of food grade and should have a toluene-extractable fraction of less than 0.15 %. The
use of inorganic cadmium pigments is treated separately, and it is recommended that they be used
only where they, for technical reasons, cannot be replaced by other colorants. Analytical methods
are given in the resolution.
All producers of plastic materials for food packaging are obliged to ensure compliance with the
Commission Directive 2002/72/EC. In situations where migration limits exist for the finished
product, only the migration level and not the origin of the migrated substances will affect the
compliance decision. However, in some cases it would be of interest to know the origin of the
migrants before testing for migration. For instance, when considering the migration of aromatic
amines, both adhesives and impurities in colorants may contribute to the measured level.
Preliminary investigations in our laboratory have shown that printed patterns in laminates may
contribute significantly with aromatic amines in the food simulants. Hence, laboratories may
obtain different results depending on whether or not testing is performed with printed patterns.
Producers should choose test samples where the highest migration is likely to be found
The implication of impurity in pigments can be discussed in terms of migration potential. For
instance, consider a printing ink that contains 10 % of a pigment and is applied in a sandwich
printed laminate at 7 - 8 g/m2. If the pigment contains 500 mg/kg of a primary aromatic amine
impurity, then the level of impurity in the laminate will be about 3.5 – 4 Pg/dm2. In a worst case,
if all the impurity migrates into food, then the level of primary aromatic amine in the food would
be 21 – 24 Pg/kg. A ratio of 6 dm2 of food packaging area per 1 kg of food was used in the
estimation. Obviously, there are other possible area/volume ratios, and it is likely that not all of
the substance migrates. Nevertheless, this brief estimation shows that when the applied pigments
are in compliance with the CoE resolution, there is still a theoretical possibility of obtaining
32
migration levels of primary aromatic amines in the food that are higher than the “non-detectable”
limit (20 Pg/kg) specified in the Commission Directive 2002/72/EC for plastic substances.
The Council of Europe Resolution AP (96) 5 “On surface coatings intended to come into contact
with foodstuffs” gives recommendations for the manufacturing of surface coatings for food
contact, and has included a list of recognized monomers, starting substances and additives29.
Germany
BgVV (now BfR) have given recommendations for coloration of plastic food packaging30.
Several purity requirements must be fulfilled but the recommendations includes no positive list.
There are limits for certain heavy metals and a demand for no visible transfer of colour, similar to
the limits in the CoE resolution. The analytical method prescribed for determination of acid
extractable metals are given by a German standard31. Toluene extracts of carbon black should not
exceed 0.15 %, which is also similar as in the CoE resolution. The acid extractable level of
primary aromatic amines in colorants should not exceed 500 mg/kg. This limit is not valid for
carboxylated and sulphonated aromatic amines and is a somewhat different limitation compared
to the CoE resolution, where an additional limit exists for sulphonated aromatic amines. In
addition, the CoE resolution has a 10 mg/kg limit for the single or total amount of benzidine, 2-
naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl, when according to the BgVV recommendations these
compounds should not be used in production of colorants at all. A special note in the German
BgVV recommendations concerns the possibility of degradation of colorants when reaching
temperatures in the 150-300 qC range, which is often encountered in plastic processing. Colorants
for foodstuffs that degrade at high temperatures are therefore unsuited for use in plastic food
packaging.
29
Council of Europe Resolution AP (96) 5 “On surface coatings intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.”
30
Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin (BgVV) now renamed to
Bundesinstitut für Risikobevertung (BfR), 1.6.1994, ”IX. Farbmittel zum Einfärben von Kunststoffen und anderen
Polymeren für Bedarfsgegenstände“.
31
DIN 53 770, “Prüfung von Pigmenten, Bestimmung der salzsäurelöselichen Anteile”
33
United States of America
In America, colorants which do not show measurable migration from a specific plastic material
into foodstuff are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as so-called “indirect
food additives” in the Code of Federal Regulations32. Contained in the regulation is a list of
colour substances permitted, which is a quite limited list and in fact excludes many of the
colorants used in food packaging today. However, it is now possible to use new colour substances
in food packaging by applying for an exemption from this regulation by using the threshold of
regulation principle33. One important requirement for the acceptance of the application is that the
dietary levels of the substance by migration to food are kept below 0.5 Pg/kg of food. Also, the
substance must not contain carcinogenic impurities, or if it does, the carcinogenic substances
must not be toxic below a certain test-animal feeding level. While the CoE recommendations
allows colorants to contain impurities of primary aromatic amines up to levels of 500 mg/kg or
10 mg/kg, no such residue limits exist in the FDA regulations. The FDA regulation does not
allow any carcinogens with a certain toxicity to be present as impurities and thereby seems
stricter on this issue than the CoE recommendations. However, the presence of impurities is still a
question of detection limits in the chemical analysis.
Industry recommendations
The European Council of Paint, Printing Ink and Artists’ Colours Industry (CEPE) has published
an exclusion list for printing inks and related products34. The list gives recommendations on
which substances that should be excluded from raw materials for the manufacture of printing inks
and related products supplied to printers. The criteria for selection are substances listed in the
Dangerous Substance Directive (67/548/EEC) and pigment colorants based on antimony, arsenic,
cadmium, chromium (VI), lead, mercury and selenium. Excluded dyes are Basic yellow 2 (C.I.
41000), Basic orange 2 (C.I. 11270), Basic violet 14 (C.I. 42510), Solvent blue 7 (C.I. 50400),
Basic brown 4 (C.I. 21010), and other soluble azo dyes that can decompose in the body to bio-
available carcinogenic aromatic amines. Excluded solvents are 2-methoxyethanol, 2-
32
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Volume 3, Part 178, Sec. 178.3297 “Colorants for polymers”
33
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Volume 3, Part 170, Sec. 170.39 “Threshold of regulation for substances
used in food-contact articles”
34
Exclusion list for printing inks and related products (2001). European Council of Paint, Printing Ink and Artists’
Colours (CEPE).
34
ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxyethylacetate, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, monochlorobenzene,
dichlorobenzene, volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons, volatile fluorochlorinated hydrocarbons, 2-
nitropropane, and methanol. Excluded plasticicers are chlorinated naphthalenes, chlorinated
paraffins, monocresyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and monocresyl diphenyl phosphate. Other
excluded compounds include diaminostilbene and derivatives, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-
butylphenol, 4,4’-tetramethyldiaminobenzophenone, and hexachlorocyclohexane.
CEPE has also published information on good manufacturing practises (GMP) for packaging
inks35. One of several aspects of raw material control is the traceability, which is an important
issue also for the food control authorities. Proper traceability and information on the exact type of
colorants used may help to indicate which colour specific migrants that a food control laboratory
should screen for when testing a coloured or printed material. Identification of colorants by
visible or photometric inspection of colour is a difficult if not impossible task, due to the mixing
of colorants in both masterbatches and inks. Alternative methods may be used instead, eg. fourier
transform infrared absorption spectrometry (FT-IR) as previously applied for identification of
plastic additives (van Lierop et al. 1998). In lack of European regulation on printing inks for food
packaging, the industry certification system for food packaging in Norway is known to use the
available CEPE recommendations and exclusion lists, but no purity requirements for colorants in
printing inks are requested36. However, in light of the above identification of aromatic amines in
food simulant from printed laminates, printing ink manufacturers should be advised to collect
documentation from pigment manufacturers that at least declare compliance with the purity
requirements stated in the CoE resolution or the German BgVV recommendations.
The Japan Printing Ink Makers Association has published a voluntary regulation on the use of
inks for food packaging37. The document contains a negative list with 128 compounds. It also
contains some discussion on regulation policy, stressing that a negative list regulation is preferred
35
Good Manufacturing Practices for the Production of Packaging Inks. Formulated for use on the non food contact
surfaces of food packaging and articles intended to come into contact with food. CEPE.
36
Svend A. Svendsen, Norwegian Packaging Convention, Norway. Personal communications.
37
Voluntary Regulation Concerning Printing Inks For Food Packaging Materials (Negative List Regulation).
Third Revised Edition on April 30, 1999. Japan Printing Ink Makers Association.
35
instead of a positive list regulation. This opinion is explained by the difficulties in adapting to a
very limited amount of raw materials for the application of inks.
A pigment manufacturer has produced a technical bulletin concerning colorants suitable for food
packaging, toys, and consumer goods38. The bulletin contains a helpful treaty of different
regulations and recommendations for colorants in food packaging.
Conclusions
Colorants applicable for food packaging have been registered from several international
manufacturers. The list is not complete, but illustrates the variety of colorants that may appear in
food packaging. Chemical information on additives, impurities and degradation products in inks
and coloured plastics was included in the discussion of potential migration associated with
coloration of food packaging. Several examples were found in the literature and some
preliminary results were obtained from our own laboratory, which address certain migration
issues, e.g. the surprising discovery of print-pattern specific migration of aromatic amines from
some flexible food packaging materials. More work should be done in the field of migration
testing related to the use of colorants. Hence, further development of analytical methods for
determination of colorant specific aromatic amines is planned, especially for the fatty food
simulant (olive oil), where higher migration levels are likely to be encountered.
Other possible toxic migrants are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB), that may originate from impurities and degradation products in colorants.
Additives supporting colorants, such as photoinitiators, plasticisers, and dispersion aids, may also
migrate, but for these substances no toxicological data was collected in the project.
38
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc., “Colorants for Use in Food Packaging, Toys and Consumer Goods. 1999 Edition
Technical Bulletin 3H”
36
Table 9 Registered pigment and dye products.
Producer Product name CI Generic CI Product Use Chemical CAS

Name number type name/content/type
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS II RUV-PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 2473 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS II RUV-PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 2474 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS II RCV-PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Inc 2472 53:1 02-1
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS II YPV-PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc 2471 YELLOW 12 85-6
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS II YTV-PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
Inc 2470 YELLOW 14 75-7
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS RCK- PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Inc 2329 53:1 02-1
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS RPK- PIGMENT RED 15865:1 Pigment Inks AZO 2B-TONER (Ba) 7585-
Inc 2323 48:1 41-3
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS RUK- PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 2362 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS RUK- PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 2454 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS YPK- PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc 2330 YELLOW 12 85-6
Apollo Colors AQUARIUS YTK- PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
Inc 2225 YELLOW 14 75-7
Apollo Colors ARIES BQ-2399 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Inc 15:3 14-8
Apollo Colors ARIES GRQ-2494 PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Inc GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Apollo Colors ARIES RCQ-2403 PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Inc 53:1 02-1
Apollo Colors ARIES RUQ-2397 PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors ARIES RUQ-2416 PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors ARIES VQ-2600 PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Inks DIOXAZINE 6358-
Inc VIOLET 23 30-1
Apollo Colors ARIES YQ-2398 PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
Apollo Colors AURORA BH-2333 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Inc 15:3 14-8
Apollo Colors AURORA RUH-2331 PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors AURORA YH-2332 PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
Apollo Colors GEMINI BQ-2174 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Inc 15:3 14-8
Apollo Colors GEMINI RCQ-2174 PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Inc 53:1 02-1
Apollo Colors GEMINI RUQ-2171 PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors GEMINI RUQ-2208 PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors GEMINI YQ-2172 PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
Apollo Colors GEMINI YQ-2203 PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
37
Apollo Colors MARS BA-1705 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Inc 15:3 14-8
Apollo Colors MARS RCA-1708 PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Inc 53:1 02-1
Apollo Colors MARS RPA-1946 PIGMENT RED 15865:1 Pigment Inks AZO 2B-TONER (Ba) 7585-
Inc 48:1 41-3
Apollo Colors MARS RPA-1947 PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Inks AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
Inc 48:2 61-2
Apollo Colors MARS RUA-1704 PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors MARS YA-1707 PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
Apollo Colors MARS YA-2436 PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
Inc YELLOW 13 83-0
Apollo Colors MERCURY BH-2544 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Inc 15:3 14-8
Apollo Colors MERCURY RCH- PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Inc 1637 53:1 02-1
Apollo Colors MERCURY RUH- PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 1756 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors MERCURY RUH- PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 2529 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors MERCURY YH-2526 PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
Apollo Colors NEPTUNE BS-2242 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Inc 15:3 14-8
Apollo Colors NEPTUNE RCS- PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Inc 2305 53:1 02-1
Apollo Colors NEPTUNE RES- PIGMENT 15602 Pigment Inks ETHYL LAKE RED C (Ba) 67801-
Inc 2302 ORANGE 46 01-8
Apollo Colors NEPTUNE RUS- PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Inc 2240 57:1 04-9
Apollo Colors NEPTUNE YS-2241 PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Inc YELLOW 12 85-6
BASF Eupolen Black 00- PIGMENT Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
6001 BLACK 7 86-4
BASF Eupolen Blue 69- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine 147-
1501 15:1 14-8
BASF Eupolen Blue 69- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine Į stable 147-
2001 15:1 14-8
BASF Eupolen Blue 70- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
9001 15:3 14-8
BASF Eupolen Blue 70- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
9101 15:3 14-8
BASF Eupolen Green 87- PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine chlorinated 1328-
3001 GREEN 7 53-6
BASF Eupolen Green 93- PIGMENT 74265 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine halogenated 14302-
6001 GREEN 36 137
BASF Eupolen Red 39- PIGMENT RED 71155 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Bis-(4-phenylazo-phenyl)-
1101 178 anthra[2,1,9-def;6,5,10-
d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone
BASF Eupolen Red 41- PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics BON 2B, Sr lake 15782-
6001 48:3 05-5
BASF Eupolen Red 47- PIGMENT RED 73915 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dimethyl quinacridone 980-
9001 122 26-7
BASF Eupolen Violet 58- PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE 6358-
9001 VIOLET 23 30-1
BASF Eupolen Yellow 09- PIGMENT 56300 Pigment Plastics Quinophthalone
6101 YELLOW 138
Quinophthalone 50
Pigment Yellow 138
56 300
BASF Eupolen Yellow 11- PIGMENT 56290 Pigment Plastics Isoindolin
5501 Isoindoline 41 YELLOW 185
Pigment Yellow 185
56 290
38
BASF Eupolen Yellow 17- PIGMENT 18792 Pigment Plastics Azo pigment, Ca/Na lake (similar)
0001 YELLOW 183
BASF Eupolen Yellow 18- PIGMENT 56298 Pigment Plastics Isoindoline
4101 YELLOW 139
BASF Eupolen Yellow 22- PIGMENT 18792 Pigment Plastics Azo pigment, Ca lake
7001 YELLOW 183
BASF Heliogen Blue K PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine (unstable) 147-
6850 15 14-8
BASF Heliogen Blue K PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine (stable) 147-
6902 15:1 14-8
BASF Heliogen Blue K PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine (stable) 147-
6911 D 15:1 14-8
BASF Heliogen Blue K PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine 147-
6915 15:1 14-8
BASF Heliogen Blue K PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
7090 15:3 14-8
BASF Heliogen Green K PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine chlorinated 1328-
8730 GREEN 7 53-6
BASF Heliogen Green K PIGMENT 74265 Pigment Plastics Cu-phthalocyanine halogenated 14302-
9360 GREEN 36 137
BASF Lithol Fast Scarlet K PIGMENT RED 15865:4 Pigment Plastics BON 2B, Mn lake 5280-
4300 48:4 66-0
BASF Lithol Red K 3690 PIGMENT RED 15585:3 Pigment Plastics Naphthol, Sr lake
53:3
BASF Lithol Rubine K 4560 PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics BON 4B, Ca lake 5281-
57:1 04-9
BASF Lithol Scarlet K 4165 PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics BON 2B, Sr lake 15782-
48:3 05-5
BASF Lumogen F Blue 650 Dye Plastics Naphthalimide
BASF Lumogen F Orange Dye Plastics Perylene
240
BASF Lumogen F Red 305 Dye Plastics Perylene
BASF Lumogen F Violet Dye Plastics Naphthalimide
570
BASF Lumogen F Yellow Dye Plastics Perylene
083
BASF Paliogen Red K 3580 PIGMENT RED 71137 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Bis-(3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)- 4948-
149 anthra[2,1,9-def;6,5,10- 15-6
d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-
tetraone
BASF Paliogen Red K 3911 PIGMENT RED 71155 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Bis-(4-phenylazo-phenyl)-
HD 178 anthra[2,1,9-def;6,5,10-
d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone
BASF Paliogen Red K 4180 PIGMENT RED 71130 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dimethyl-anthra[2,1,9- 5521-
179 def;6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline- 31-3
1,3,8,10-tetraone
BASF Paliogen Red Violet PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
K 4999 VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
BASF Paliogen Red Violet PIGMENT 71129 Pigment Plastics Anthra[2,1,9-def;6,5,10-
K 5011 VIOLET 29 d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone
BASF Paliotol Yellow K PIGMENT 56300 Pigment Plastics Quinophthalone
0961 HD YELLOW 138
BASF Paliotol Yellow K PIGMENT 18792 Pigment Plastics Azo pigment, Na/Ca lake (modified)
1700 YELLOW 183
BASF Paliotol Yellow K PIGMENT 56298 Pigment Plastics Isoindoline
1841 YELLOW 139
BASF Paliotol Yellow K PIGMENT 18792 Pigment Plastics Azo pigment, Ca lake
2270 YELLOW 183
BASF Sicopal Blue K 6210 PIGMENT BLUE 77346 Pigment Plastics Co/Al oxide
28
BASF Sicopal Blue K 6310 PIGMENT BLUE 77346 Pigment Plastics Co/Al oxide
28
BASF Sicopal Blue K 6710 PIGMENT BLUE 77343 Pigment Plastics Co/Al/Cr oxide
36
39
36
36
BASF Sicopal Brown K PIGMENT 77496 Pigment Plastics Zn/Fe oxide
2595 BROWN 31
BASF Sicopal Brown K PIGMENT 77500 Pigment Plastics Fe/Cr oxide
2795 BROWN 29
BASF Sicopal Green K PIGMENT 77377 Pigment Plastics Co/Ti/Ni/Zn oxide
9610 GREEN 50
9710 GREEN 50
9810 GREEN 50
BASF Sicopal Yellow K PIGMENT Pigment Plastics BiVO4
1160 FG YELLOW 184
BASF Sicotan Brown K PIGMENT 77899 Pigment Plastics Mn/Sb/Ti oxide
2611 YELLOW 164
2711 YELLOW 164
2750 FG YELLOW 164
BASF Sicotan Yellow K PIGMENT 77788 Pigment Plastics Ni/Sb/Ti oxide
1010 YELLOW 53
1010 FG YELLOW 53
1011 YELLOW 53
1011 FG YELLOW 53
BASF Sicotan Yellow K PIGMENT 77310 Pigment Plastics Cr/Sb/Ti oxide
2001 BROWN 24
2001 FG BROWN 24
2011 BROWN 24
2011 FG BROWN 24
2111 BROWN 24
2111 FG BROWN 24
2112 BROWN 24
2112 FG BROWN 24
BASF Sicotrans Red K PIGMENT RED 77491 Pigment Plastics Iron (III) oxide 1309-
2819 101 37-1
BASF Sicotrans Red K PIGMENT RED 77491 Pigment Plastics Iron (III) oxide 1309-
2915 101 37-1
BASF Thermoplast Black X Dye Plastics Blend
70
BASF Thermoplast Blue SOLVENT 61554 Dye Plastics Anthraquinone 17354-
670 BLUE 35 14-2
BASF Thermoplast Blue SOLVENT 60725 Dye Plastics 1-Hydroxy-4-(para-toluidino)- 81-48-
684 VIOLET 13 9,10-anthraquinone 1
BASF Thermoplast F SOLVENT 59075 Dye Plastics Perylene 79869-
Yellow 084 GREEN 5 59-3
BASF Thermoplast Red SOLVENT RED Dye Plastics Monoazo
454 195
BASF Thermoplast Yellow SOLVENT 48160 Dye Plastics Pyrazolone 4702-
104 YELLOW 93 90-3
BASF Variocrom Magic Multiply coated lamellar Pigment Plastics Al/SiO2/Fe2O3
Gold K 1411 aluminum
BASF Variocrom Magic Multiply coated lamellar iron Pigment Plastics Fe2O3/SiO2/Fe2O3
Green K 9811 oxide
40
BASF Variocrom Magic Multiply coated lamellar iron Pigment Plastics Fe2O3/SiO2/Fe2O3
Purple K 5511 oxide
BASF Variocrom Magic Multiply coated lamellar Pigment Plastics Al/SiO2/Fe2O3
Red K 4411 aluminum
Cabot BLACK PEARLS 120 PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
BLACK 7 86-4
Cabot BLACK PEARLS 280 PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Inks CARBON BLACK 1333-
BLACK 7 86-4
Cabot BLACK PEARLS PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
3030 BLACK 7 86-4
4040 BLACK 7 86-4
4060 BLACK 7 86-4
BLACK 7 and 86-4
inks
4560 BLACK 7 86-4
BLACK 7 and 86-4
inks
4840 BLACK 7 86-4
BLACK 7 and 86-4
inks
BLACK 7 86-4
BLACK 7 86-4
BLACK 7 86-4
Cabot CAB-O-SIL M-5 Pigment Silisium dioxide
Cabot ELFTEX 254 PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
BLACK 7 86-4
Cabot ELFTEX 570 PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
BLACK 7 86-4
Cabot ELFTEX TP PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
BLACK 7 86-4
Cabot MOGUL E PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Inks CARBON BLACK 1333-
BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA BRILLIANT RED RT-380- Pigment Plastics QUINACRIDONE/DIKETO-PYRROLO-
Chemicals D PYRROLE
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals CABERNET RT-385- VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
D dihydro-
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA GOLD PIGMENT 73900/73920 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone quinone
Chemicals YT-919-D ORANGE 49
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA GOLD PIGMENT 73900/73920 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone quinone
Chemicals YT-923-D ORANGE 48
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA PIGMENT RED 73907 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dichloroquinacridone
Chemicals MAGENTA B RT- 202
343-D
Chemicals MAGENTA L RT- 202
265-D
Chemicals MAGENTA RT-143- 202
D
Chemicals MAGENTA RT-235- 202 and
D inks
D
41
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA MAGENTA RT-355-D 73900/73907 Pigment Plastics QUINACRIDONE
Chemicals
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA RED B PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals NRT-742-D VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
Chemicals NRT-796-D VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA RED B 73900/73907 Pigment Plastics QUINACRIDONE
Chemicals RT-195-D and
inks
Chemicals RT-790-D VIOLET 19 and b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
inks dihydro-
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA RED Pigment Plastics QUINACRIDONE/DIKETO-PYRROLO-
Chemicals RT-280-D PYRROLE
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA RED Y PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals RT-759-D VIOLET 19 and b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
inks dihydro-
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA RED Y PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals RT-859-D VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA SCARLET RT-390-D Pigment Plastics QUINACRIDONE/DIKETO-PYRROLO-
Chemicals PYRROLE
Chemicals SCARLET RT-788-D 207
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA TRANS PIGMENT Pigment Plastics QUINACRIDONE (mixed)
Chemicals RED B RT-333-D VIOLET 42
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA TRANS RED RT-370-D Pigment Plastics QUINACRIDONE/DIKETO-PYRROLO-
Chemicals PYRROLE
Ciba Specialty CINQUASIA VIOLET PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals R NRT-201-D VIOLET 19 and b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
inks dihydro-
Chemicals R NRT-887-D VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
Chemicals R RT-101-D VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
dihydro-
dihydro-
dihydro-
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals BLUE 4GNP 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT BLUE 69800 Pigment Plastics INDANTHRONE; vat blue 4; 81-77-
Chemicals BLUE A3R 60 and 6,15-dihydro-5,9,14,18- 6
inks anthrazinetetrone
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals BLUE GOC 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 20060 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigmens
Chemicals BROWN 5R BROWN 23 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL DPP PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals CORAL RED C 255 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL DPP PIGMENT RED 561150 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals FLAME RED FP 272
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL DPP PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals ORANGE RTR 270 and
inks
42
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL DPP PIGMENT 561200 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals ORANGE TR ORANGE 71 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL DPP PIGMENT 561200 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals ORANGE TRP ORANGE 71
Chemicals RED BOC 254
Chemicals RED BP 254 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL MAGENTA ST Pigment Inks QA / DPP combination
Chemicals
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 11265 Pigment Plastics ISOINDOLINONE
Chemicals ORANGE 2G ORANGE 61 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 12760 Pigment Inks BENZIMIDAZOLONE
Chemicals ORANGE GL ORANGE 64
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 12760 Pigment Plastics BENZIMIDAZOLONE
Chemicals ORANGE GP ORANGE 64 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT RED 73915 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dimethyl quinacridone 980-
Chemicals PINK PT 122 and 26-7
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals 2020 VIOLET 19 and b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
inks dihydro-
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals 2028 254
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals 2030 254 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED 20065 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals 2B 221 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED 65300 Pigment Plastics 4,4'-diamino-1,1'- 4051-
Chemicals A2B 177 dianthraquinonyl 63-2
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED 65300 Pigment Plastics 4,4'-diamino-1,1'- 4051-
Chemicals A3B 177 dianthraquinonyl 63-2
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals BN 214
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED 20735 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 5280-
Chemicals BRN 144 and 78-4
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED 20735 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigment 5280-
Chemicals BT 144 78-4
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL RED PIGMENT RED 20055 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals G 220 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT RED 20730 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 3905-
Chemicals SCARLET RN 166 and 19-9
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT RED 20730 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 3905-
Chemicals SCARLET RS 166 19-9
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT RED 20730 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigment 3905-
Chemicals SCARLET RT 166 19-9
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 51345 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE
Chemicals VIOLET B VIOLET 37 and
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Inks DIOXAZINE 6358-
Chemicals VIOLET GA VIOLET 23 30-1
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE 6358-
Chemicals VIOLET GT VIOLET 23 and 30-1
inks
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 56298 Pigment Plastics Isoindoline based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 2RF YELLOW 139
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 56280 Pigment Plastics Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 2RLP YELLOW 110
43
Chemicals YELLOW 2RLTS YELLOW 110
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 56298 Pigment Inks Isoindoline based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 2RT YELLOW 139
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 20710 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 3G YELLOW 93 and
inks
Chemicals YELLOW 3GNP YELLOW 93
Chemicals YELLOW 3RLP YELLOW 110
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 56280 Pigment Inks Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 3RT YELLOW 110
Chemicals YELLOW 8GN YELLOW 128 and
inks
Chemicals YELLOW 8GNP YELLOW 128
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 60645 Pigment Plastics ANTHRAQUINONE 4118-
Chemicals YELLOW AGR YELLOW 147 and 16-5
inks
Chemicals YELLOW GR YELLOW 95 and
inks
Chemicals YELLOW GRP YELLOW 95
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT 653200 Pigment Plastics ANTHRAQUINONE
Chemicals YELLOW GT-AD YELLOW 199
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT Pigment Plastics AZO SALT
Chemicals YELLOW HRP YELLOW 191:1
Ciba Specialty CROMOPHTAL PIGMENT Pigment Plastics AZO SALT
Chemicals YELLOW HRPA YELLOW 191:1
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN BLACK PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals 768-PP BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN BLACK BN- PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals PP BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals 4GNP-PP 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN BLUE 4G- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals PP 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN BLUE BSP- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
Chemicals PP 15:1 STABILIZED) 14-8
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN BROWN PIGMENT RED 77491 Pigment Plastics IRON (III) OXIDE 1309-
Chemicals FRN-PP 101 37-1
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals 413-PP GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals GF-PP GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN MAGENTA PIGMENT RED 73907 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dichloroquinacridone
Chemicals RT-235-PP 202
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN RED 2BP- PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN RED 2BSP- PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Sr) 15782-
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN RED A3B- PIGMENT RED 65300 Pigment Plastics 4,4'-diamino-1,1'- 4051-
Chemicals PP 177 dianthraquinonyl 63-2
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN RED BN- PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals PP 214
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN RED BR- PIGMENT RED 20735 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 5280-
Chemicals PP 144 78-4
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN RED RT- PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals 759 VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN RUBINE PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Chemicals 4BP-PE 57:1 04-9
44
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN RUBINE PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Chemicals 4BP-PP 57:1 04-9
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN WHITE PIGMENT 77891 Pigment Plastics TITANIUM (IV) DIOXIDE 13463-
Chemicals 860-PE WHITE 6 67-7
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN WHITE PIGMENT 77891 Pigment Plastics TITANIUM (IV) DIOXIDE 13463-
Chemicals 860-PP WHITE 6 67-7
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN YELLOW PIGMENT 56298 Pigment Plastics Isoindoline based pigment
Chemicals 2RF-PP YELLOW 139
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN YELLOW PIGMENT 20710 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals 3G-PP YELLOW 93
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN YELLOW PIGMENT 56280 Pigment Plastics Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals 3RT-PP YELLOW 110
Ciba Specialty FILOFIN YELLOW PIGMENT 77600 Pigment Plastics LEAD CHROMATE
Chemicals CRN-PP YELLOW 34
Ciba Specialty HORNA CHROME PIGMENT 77603 Pigment Plastics LEAD (SULFO) CHROMATE
Chemicals YELLOW GMH-25 YELLOW 34
Chemicals YELLOW GMH-35 YELLOW 34
Chemicals YELLOW GMH-41- YELLOW 34
SQ
Chemicals YELLOW GMX-15- YELLOW 34
SQ
Chemicals YELLOW GMXH-25- YELLOW 34
SQ
SQ
SQ
Chemicals YELLOW GU-15-SQ YELLOW 34 and
inks
Chemicals YELLOW GU-25-SQ YELLOW 34 and
inks
Chemicals YELLOW GUH-35- YELLOW 34 and
SQ inks
Chemicals YELLOW GUH-41 YELLOW 34 and
inks
Ciba Specialty HORNA PIGMENT RED 77605 Pigment Plastics MIX CRYSTAL LEAD-(SULFO)-
Chemicals MOLYBDATE 104 CHROMATE-MOLYBD
ORANGE MLH-740-
SQ
ORANGE MLH-74-
SQ
ORANGE MLH-79-
SQ
ORANGE MLH-84-
SQ
Chemicals MOLYBDATE 104 and CHROMATE-MOLYBD
ORANGE MRH-75 inks
45
ORANGE MRH-87- inks
SQ
ORANGE MRH-90- inks
SQ
ORANGE AAH-3-
SQ
Ciba Specialty HORNACHROME PIGMENT 77603 Pigment Plastics LEAD (SULFO) CHROMATE
Chemicals YELLOW GMXAH- YELLOW 34
15
25
35
Chemicals YELLOW GUA-19 YELLOW 34 and
inks
Chemicals YELLOW GUA-26 YELLOW 34 and
inks
Chemicals YELLOW GUAH-35 YELLOW 34 and
inks
Ciba Specialty HORNATHERM PIGMENT RED 77605 Pigment Plastics MIX CRYSTAL LEAD-(SULFO)-
Chemicals ORANGE MTS-75 104 CHROMATE-MOLYBD
Ciba Specialty HORNATHERM PIGMENT RED 77605 Pigment Plastics MIX CRYSTAL LEAD-(SULFO)-
Chemicals ORANGE MTS-80 104 CHROMATE-MOLYBD
Ciba Specialty HORNATHERM PIGMENT 77603 Pigment Plastics LEAD (SULFO) CHROMATE
Chemicals YELLOW GTS-26 YELLOW 34
Ciba Specialty HORNATHERM PIGMENT 77603 Pigment Plastics LEAD (SULFO) CHROMATE
Chemicals YELLOW GTS-35 YELLOW 34
Ciba Specialty IRGACOLOR PIGMENT Pigment Plastics BISMUTH VANADATE
Chemicals YELLOW 2GLMA YELLOW 184
Chemicals YELLOW 2GTF YELLOW 184
Chemicals YELLOW 2GTM YELLOW 184
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
Chemicals BCA 15:1 STABILIZED) 14-8
Chemicals BCA 15:1 STABILIZED) 14-8
Chemicals BLPO 15 UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į NON 147-
Chemicals BSNF 15:2 and FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Chemicals BSP 15:1 STABILIZED) 14-8
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE GA PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals GRANULES 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals GBP 15:3 14-8
Chemicals GBP 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE GE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals GRANULES 15:3 14-8
Chemicals GLG 15:3 and 14-8
inks
46
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ 147-
Chemicals GLNF 15:4 and NON-FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals GLO 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ 147-
Chemicals GLVO 15:4 NON-FLOCC) 14-8
Chemicals LGE 15:3 and 14-8
inks
Chemicals LGK 15:3 and 14-8
inks
Chemicals LGLD 15:3 14-8
Chemicals NGA 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE BLUE PG PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals 15:3 and 14-8
inks
Chemicals PR20T 15:4 and NON-FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Chemicals PR25T 15:4 and NON-FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE PIGMENT RED 15860:2 Pigment Plastics BON LAKE RED C (Mn) 12238-
Chemicals BORDEAUX CM 52:2 and 31-2
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE GREEN PIGMENT 74265 Pigment Inks Cu-phthalocyanine halogenated 14302-
Chemicals 6G GREEN 36 137
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals GFNP GREEN 7 and (HALOGENATED) 53-6
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals GLN GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals GLNP GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Chemicals MAGENTA SMA 57:1 04-9
Chemicals MAGENTA SMA 57:1 04-9
GRANULES
Chemicals MAGENTA SMB 57:1 04-9
Chemicals MAGENTA SMB 57:1 04-9
GRANULES
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE ORANGE PIGMENT 21115 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE PYRAZOLONE 15793-
Chemicals F2G ORANGE 34 and 73-4
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE ORANGE PIGMENT 21160 Pigment Plastics DIANISIDINE ORANGE 6505-
Chemicals MOR ORANGE 16 and 28-8
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE ORANGE PIGMENT 21110 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE PYRAZOLONE; 3520-
Chemicals P ORANGE 13 and 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-di[(3,4-dihydro- 72-7
inks 5-methyl-3-oxo-2-
phenyl)pyrazolin-4-ylazo]-1,1'-
biphenyl
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED 2BP PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Sr) 15782-
Chemicals 2BSP 48:3 05-5
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Inks AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
Chemicals 2BXL 48:2 61-2
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED 2BY PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Sr) 15782-
Chemicals 48:3 05-5
47
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED 3RS PIGMENT RED 12370 Pigment Inks BON ARYLAMIDE 6535-
Chemicals 112 46-2
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED AK-7 PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Chemicals 53:1 02-1
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED C2B PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Chemicals CBNL 53:1 02-1
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED CLO PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Chemicals 53:1 02-1
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED FBL PIGMENT RED 15865:4 Pigment Plastics BON 2B, Mn lake 5280-
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED FBN PIGMENT RED 12310 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red; N-phenyl-4- 6041-
Chemicals 2 ((2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo)-3- 94-7
hydroxy-2-
naphthalenecarboxamide
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED LCB PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Plastics LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED PIGMENT RED 15865:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ba) 7585-
Chemicals NBSP 48:1 and 41-3
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED PRR PIGMENT RED 12085 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 1-(2-Chloro-4- 2814-
Chemicals 4 nitrophenylazo)-2-naphthol 77-9
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RED RBS PIGMENT RED 12355 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 3-hydroxy-4- 6471-
Chemicals 23 ((2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo)- 49-4
N-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-naphthalene
carboxamide
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RUBINE PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Chemicals 4BA 57:1 04-9
Chemicals 4BD GRANULES 57:1 04-9
Chemicals 4BFL 57:1 04-9
Chemicals 4BGL 57:1 04-9
Chemicals 4BH GRANULES 57:1 04-9
Chemicals 4BL 57:1 04-9
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RUBINE PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Chemicals 4BP 57:1 04-9
Chemicals 4BT GRANULES 57:1 04-9
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE RUBINE PIGMENT RED 15860:1 Pigment Plastics BON LAKE RED C (Ca) 17852-
Chemicals 5BO NEW 52:1 and 99-2
inks
Chemicals L4BC 57:1 04-9
Chemicals L4BD 57:1 04-9
Chemicals L4BE 57:1 04-9
Chemicals L4BH 57:1 04-9
Chemicals L4BN 57:1 04-9
Chemicals LPBC 57:1 04-9
Chemicals PR15 GRANULES 57:1 04-9
Chemicals PR23 57:1 04-9
Chemicals PR23 GRANULES 57:1 04-9
48
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
Chemicals AXL YELLOW 14 75-7
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
Chemicals B3L YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals BAT YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals BAW YELLOW 13 83-0
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
Chemicals BAWP YELLOW 13 83-0
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21094 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE MIX
Chemicals BF YELLOW 188
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
Chemicals BRM YELLOW 14 75-7
Chemicals BXL YELLOW 13 83-0
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Chemicals CT GRANULES YELLOW 12 85-6
Chemicals CTS GRANULES YELLOW 12 85-6
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 11745 Pigment Inks ARYLAMIDE
Chemicals F4G YELLOW 111
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 11741 Pigment Inks 2-((2-methoxy-4- 6358-
Chemicals GS YELLOW 74 nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(2- 31-2
methoxyphenyl)-3-
oxobutanamide
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21098 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE MIX
Chemicals LBE YELLOW 174 and
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21094 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE MIX
Chemicals LBF YELLOW 188
Chemicals LBG YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals LBIW YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals LBK YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals LBL YELLOW 13 83-0
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21098 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE MIX
Chemicals LBS YELLOW 174 and
inks
Chemicals LCD YELLOW 12 85-6
Chemicals LCT YELLOW 12 85-6
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 11741 Pigment Inks 2-((2-methoxy-4- 6358-
Chemicals OG YELLOW 74 nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(2- 31-2
methoxyphenyl)-3-
oxobutanamide
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Chemicals PR26 YELLOW 12 and 85-6
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
Chemicals PR26 GRANULES YELLOW 12 and 85-6
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 13960 Pigment Plastics AZO SALT (Ca)
Chemicals WGP YELLOW 168
Ciba Specialty IRGALITE YELLOW PIGMENT 13940 Pigment Plastics AZO SALT (Ca) 12286-
Chemicals WSR YELLOW 62 66-7
Ciba Specialty IRGASPERSE ACID BLACK 52 15711 Dye Inks 3-Hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-1- 5610-
Chemicals BLACK R-U naphthyl)azo]-7-nitro-1- 64-0
naphthalenesulfonic acid,
monosodium salt, chromium
complex
Ciba Specialty IRGASPERSE BLUE ACID BLACK Dye Inks ANTHRAQUINONE
Chemicals 1614-U 260
49
Ciba Specialty IRGASPERSE ACID RED 405 Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals BORDEAUX 1613-U
Ciba Specialty IRGASPERSE ACID BROWN Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals BROWN 4R-U 282
Ciba Specialty IRGASPERSE ACID YELLOW Dye Inks AZO DYESTUFF
Chemicals LEMON 1612-U 166
Ciba Specialty IRGASPERSE ACID ORANGE Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals ORANGE R-U 154
Ciba Specialty IRGASPERSE RED ACID RED 407 Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals G-U
Ciba Specialty IRGASPERSE ACID YELLOW Dye Inks 1:2 COBALT COMPLEX
Chemicals YELLOW 2R-U 220
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 69800 Pigment Plastics INDANTHRONE; vat blue 4; 81-77-
Chemicals A3RN 60 and 6,15-dihydro-5,9,14,18- 6
inks anthrazinetetrone
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN BLUE AFR PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į NON 147-
Chemicals 15:2 and FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN BLUE ATC PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 147-
Chemicals 15:2 and (TRICHLORO, Į NON FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN BLUE X- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į NON 147-
Chemicals 3367 15:2 and FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN BLUE X- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 147-
Chemicals 3485 15:2 and (TRICHLORO, Į STABILIZED) 14-8
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN BLUE X- PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 147-
Chemicals 3627 15:2 and (TRICHLORO, Į NON FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN DPP PIGMENT Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals ORANGE RA ORANGE 73 and
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN DPP RED PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals BO 254 and
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN DPP RED PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals BTR 254
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN DPP PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals RUBINE FTX 264 and
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN DPP PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE

Chemicals RUBINE TR 264 and
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN DPP PIGMENT RED Pigment Inks DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals SCARLET EK 255
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN RED A2BN PIGMENT RED 65300 Pigment Plastics 4,4'-diamino-1,1'- 4051-
Chemicals 177 dianthraquinonyl 63-2
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN YELLOW PIGMENT 56284 Pigment Plastics Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals 2GLTE YELLOW 109 and
inks
Chemicals 2GLTN YELLOW 109 and
inks
Chemicals 2RLT YELLOW 110 and
inks
Chemicals 3RLTN YELLOW 110 and
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN YELLOW PIGMENT 48042 Pigment Plastics Copper azomethine complex
Chemicals 5GLT YELLOW 129 and
inks
Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN YELLOW PIGMENT 48042 Pigment Plastics Copper azomethine complex
Chemicals 5GT YELLOW 129 and
inks
50
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL BLACK PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals 800-NQ BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL BLACK PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals SRF-NQ BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals 4G-NQ 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
Chemicals BCA-NQ 15:1 STABILIZED) 14-8
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 77007 Pigment Plastics ULTRAMARINE BLUE 57455-
Chemicals UM-NQ 29 37-5
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL BROWN Pigment Plastics
Chemicals 130-NQ
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals GF-NQ GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT RED 77605 Pigment Plastics MIX CRYSTAL LEAD-(SULFO)-
Chemicals ORANGE 74-NQ 104 CHROMATE-MOLYBD
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 12760 Pigment Plastics BENZIMIDAZOLONE
Chemicals ORANGE GP-NQ ORANGE 64
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT RED 77605 Pigment Plastics MIX CRYSTAL LEAD-(SULFO)-
Chemicals ORANGE AA3-BQ 104 CHROMATE-MOLYBD
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL RED PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals 2030-NQ 254
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL RED 2B- PIGMENT RED 20065 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals BQ 221
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL RED PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
Chemicals 2BP-BQ 48:2 61-2
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL RED PIGMENT RED 20735 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 5280-
Chemicals BRN-BQ 144 78-4
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL RED RT- PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals 790-NQ VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL RUBINE PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Chemicals 4BP-BQ 57:1 04-9
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT RED 20730 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 3905-
Chemicals SCARLET RS-NQ 166 19-9
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL WHITE PIGMENT 77891 Pigment Plastics TITANIUM (IV) DIOXIDE 13463-
Chemicals 220-NQ WHITE 6 67-7
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 77603 Pigment Plastics LEAD (SULFO) CHROMATE
Chemicals YELLOW 15-BQ YELLOW 34
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 77603 Pigment Plastics LEAD (SULFO) CHROMATE
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 21105 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE o-ANISIDIDE 4531-
Chemicals YELLOW 2GP-BQ YELLOW 17 49-1
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 56298 Pigment Plastics Isoindoline based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 2RF-NQ YELLOW 139
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 56280 Pigment Plastics Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 2RLTS- YELLOW 110
NQ
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 77600 Pigment Plastics LEAD CHROMATE
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 77492 Pigment Plastics IRON OXIDE
Chemicals YELLOW 3920-NQ YELLOW 42
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 20710 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 3G-NQ YELLOW 93
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 21108 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE DIMETHOXY 5567-
Chemicals YELLOW B3RS-BQ YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Ciba Specialty MICRANYL PIGMENT 13960 Pigment Plastics AZO SALT (Ca)
Chemicals YELLOW WGP-NQ YELLOW 168
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN BLACK PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals 782-MC BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN BLACK PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals B-MC BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals 4GNP-MC 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 69800 Pigment Plastics INDANTHRONE; vat blue 4; 81-77-
Chemicals A3R-MC 60 6,15-dihydro-5,9,14,18- 6
anthrazinetetrone
51
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
Chemicals BCS-MC 15:1 STABILIZED) 14-8
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
Chemicals BSP-MC 15:1 STABILIZED) 14-8
Chemicals GBP-MC 15:3 14-8
Chemicals GLW-MC 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN DPP PIGMENT RED 561150 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals FLAME RED FP-MC 272
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN DPP PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals RED BP 254
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN DPP PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals RUBINE TR-MC 264
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals GFLW-MC GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals GF-MC GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT RED 73907 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dichloroquinacridone
MC
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 21115 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE PYRAZOLONE 15793-
Chemicals ORANGE F2G-MC ORANGE 34 73-4
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 561200 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals ORANGE TR ORANGE 71
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PINK PIGMENT RED 73915 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dimethyl quinacridone 980-
Chemicals PT-MC 122 26-7
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED PIGMENT 73900 Pigment Plastics Quinacridone; Quino[2,3- 1047-
Chemicals 2020-MC VIOLET 19 b]acridine-7,14-dione, 5,12- 16-1
dihydro-
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals 2030-MC 254
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
Chemicals 2BP-MC 48:2 61-2
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Sr) 15782-
Chemicals 2BSP-MC 48:3 05-5
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED PIGMENT RED 65300 Pigment Plastics 4,4'-diamino-1,1'- 4051-
Chemicals A3B-MC 177 dianthraquinonyl 63-2
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED PIGMENT RED 21120 Pigment Plastics Disazo pyrazolone pigments 6358-
Chemicals BBR 38 87-8
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals BN 214
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED PIGMENT RED 20735 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 5280-
Chemicals BRN-MC 144 78-4
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RED Pigment Plastics
Chemicals RT-195-MC
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN RUBINE PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT RED 20730 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 3905-
Chemicals SCARLET RN 166 19-9
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN VIOLET PIGMENT 51345 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE
Chemicals B-MC VIOLET 37
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 56284 Pigment Plastics Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 2GLTE YELLOW 109
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 21105 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE o-ANISIDIDE 4531-
Chemicals YELLOW 2GP YELLOW 17 49-1
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 56280 Pigment Plastics Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 2RLTS- YELLOW 110
MC
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 20710 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 3G-MC YELLOW 93
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 21108 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE DIMETHOXY 5567-
Chemicals YELLOW B3RS YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
Chemicals YELLOW BAWP- YELLOW 13 83-0
MC
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 20034 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals YELLOW GR-MC YELLOW 95
52
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 653200 Pigment Plastics ANTHRAQUINONE
Chemicals YELLOW GT-AD- YELLOW 199
MC
Ciba Specialty MICROLEN PIGMENT 13960 Pigment Plastics AZO SALT (Ca)
Chemicals YELLOW WGP-MC YELLOW 168
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH BLACK PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Inks CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals C-A BLACK 7 86-4
Chemicals C-AB BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH BLACK PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Plastics CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals C-K BLACK 7 86-4
Chemicals C-KP BLACK 7 86-4
Chemicals C-T BLACK 7 86-4
Chemicals C-WA BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals 4G-A 15:3 14-8
Chemicals 4G-AB 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals 4G-K 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals 4G-KP 15:3 14-8
Chemicals 4G-WA 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 69800 Pigment Plastics INDANTHRONE; vat blue 4; 81-77-
Chemicals A3R-K 60 6,15-dihydro-5,9,14,18- 6
anthrazinetetrone
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 69800 Pigment Plastics INDANTHRONE; vat blue 4; 81-77-
Chemicals A3R-KP 60 6,15-dihydro-5,9,14,18- 6
anthrazinetetrone
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
Chemicals GS-T 15:1 and STABILIZED) 14-8
inks
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 20060 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigmens
Chemicals BROWN 5R-A BROWN 23
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 20060 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigmens
Chemicals BROWN 5R-K BROWN 23
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 20060 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigmens
Chemicals BROWN 5R-KP BROWN 23
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 20060 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigmens
Chemicals BROWN 5R-WA BROWN 23
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH DPP PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals RED B-K 254
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH DPP PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals RED B-KP 254
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH DPP PIGMENT RED 56110 Pigment Inks DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE
Chemicals RED B-WA 254
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals G-A GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals G-K GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH GREEN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Chemicals G-KP GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT RED 12487 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL AS 99402-
Chemicals MAGENTA 2B-A 184 80-9
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT RED 73907 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dichloroquinacridone
Chemicals MAGENTA 5B-K 202
Chemicals MAGENTA B-WA 184 80-9
Chemicals MAGENTA R-AB 184 80-9
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH RED PIGMENT RED 20065 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals 2B-NQ 221
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH RED PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Inks AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
53
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH RED PIGMENT RED 20065 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals 2B-WA 221
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH RED PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Inks AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
Chemicals 2C-A 48:2 61-2
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH RED PIGMENT RED 12485 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL AS 5280-
Chemicals 3R-A 146 68-2
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH RED PIGMENT RED 12516 Pigment Inks BON- 61951-
Chemicals 4C-K 185 ARYLAMID/BENZIMIDAZOLON 98-2
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH RED PIGMENT RED 20735 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 5280-
Chemicals BR-K 144 78-4
Chemicals BR-KP 144 78-4
Chemicals BR-T 144 and 78-4
inks
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH RED PIGMENT RED 12355 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 3-hydroxy-4- 6471-
Chemicals RBS-WA 23 ((2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo)- 49-4
carboxamide
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks AZO 4B-TONER (Ca) 5281-
Chemicals RUBINE B-AB 57:1 04-9
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT RED 20730 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigment 3905-
Chemicals SCARLET R-A 166 19-9
Chemicals SCARLET R-AB 166 19-9
Chemicals SCARLET R-K 166 19-9
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT RED 20730 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 3905-
Chemicals SCARLET R-KP 166 19-9
Chemicals SCARLET R-WA 166 19-9
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH VIOLET PIGMENT 51345 Pigment Inks DIOXAZINE
Chemicals B-A VIOLET 37
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH VIOLET PIGMENT 51345 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE
Chemicals B-K VIOLET 37
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH VIOLET PIGMENT 51345 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE
Chemicals B-KP VIOLET 37
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH VIOLET PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Inks DIOXAZINE 6358-
Chemicals RL-WA VIOLET 23 30-1
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH WHITE PIGMENT 77891 Pigment Inks TITANIUM (IV) DIOXIDE 13463-
Chemicals R-A WHITE 6 67-7
Chemicals R-AB WHITE 6 67-7
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH WHITE PIGMENT 77891 Pigment Plastics TITANIUM (IV) DIOXIDE 13463-
Chemicals R-K WHITE 6 67-7
Chemicals R-WA WHITE 6 67-7
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 21105 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE o-ANISIDIDE 4531-
Chemicals YELLOW 2G-T YELLOW 17 and 49-1
inks
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 21108 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE DIMETHOXY 5567-
Chemicals YELLOW 2R-A YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Chemicals YELLOW 2R-AB YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Chemicals YELLOW 2R-K YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 21108 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE DIMETHOXY 5567-
Chemicals YELLOW 2R-KP YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Chemicals YELLOW 2R-WA YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 20710 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 3G-K YELLOW 93
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 20710 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 3G-KP YELLOW 93
Chemicals YELLOW 3G-WA YELLOW 93
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 56280 Pigment Plastics Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 3R-K YELLOW 110
54
Chemicals YELLOW 3R-KP YELLOW 110
Chemicals YELLOW 3R-T YELLOW 110 and
inks
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 56280 Pigment Inks Tetrachloroisoindolinone based pigment
Chemicals YELLOW 3R-WA YELLOW 110
Chemicals YELLOW 4G-A YELLOW 93
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 13980 Pigment Inks BENZIMIDAZOLON 61036-
Chemicals YELLOW 4G-K YELLOW 151 28-0
Ciba Specialty MICROLITH PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
Chemicals YELLOW BAW-WA YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals YELLOW MX-A YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals YELLOW MX-AB YELLOW 13 83-0
Ciba Specialty ORACET BLUE 2R SOLVENT 61110 Dye Plastics ANTHRAQUINONE 4395-
Chemicals BLUE 68 65-7
Ciba Specialty ORACET BLUE G SOLVENT Dye Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 147-
Ciba Specialty ORACET ORANGE SOLVENT Dye Plastics LACTONE
Chemicals LGP ORANGE 114
Ciba Specialty ORACET PINK RF VAT RED 1 73360 Dye Plastics THIOINDIGO; Benzo[b]thiophen- 2379-
Chemicals 3(2H)-one, 6-chloro-2-(6-chloro- 74-0
4-methyl-3-oxobenzo[b]thien-
2(3H)-ylidene)-4-methyl-
Ciba Specialty ORACET RED BG DISPERSE RED 60756 Dye Plastics ANTHRAQUINONE 12223-
Chemicals 60 37-9
Ciba Specialty ORACET RED GN SOLVENT RED Dye Plastics PERINONE 71902-
Chemicals 135 17-5
Ciba Specialty ORACET VIOLET B DISPERSE Dye Plastics ANTHRAQUINONE
Chemicals VIOLET 57
Ciba Specialty ORACET VIOLET SOLVENT 60725 Dye Plastics 1-Hydroxy-4-(para-toluidino)- 81-48-
Chemicals TR VIOLET 13 9,10-anthraquinone 1
Ciba Specialty ORACET YELLOW SOLVENT Dye Plastics METHINE
Chemicals 8GF YELLOW 145
Ciba Specialty ORACET YELLOW SOLVENT 58840 Dye Plastics 1,8-Bis-phenylsulfanyl- 13676-
Chemicals GHS GRANULES YELLOW 163 anthraqui13676-91-1none 91-1
Ciba Specialty ORACET YELLOW SOLVENT 58840 Dye Plastics 1,8-Bis-phenylsulfanyl- 13676-
Chemicals GHS YELLOW 163 anthraquinone 91-1
Ciba Specialty ORACET YELLOW PIGMENT 60645 Dye Plastics ANTHRAQUINONE 4118-
Chemicals RB YELLOW 147 16-5
Ciba Specialty ORASOL BLACK CN SOLVENT Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals BLACK 28
Ciba Specialty ORASOL BLACK SOLVENT Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals RLI BLACK 29
Ciba Specialty ORASOL BLUE BL SOLVENT Dye Inks ANTHRAQUINONE
Chemicals BLUE 136
Ciba Specialty ORASOL BLUE GL SOLVENT Dye Inks PHTHALOCYANINE 12237-
Ciba Specialty ORASOL BLUE GN SOLVENT Dye Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 147-
Ciba Specialty ORASOL BROWN SOLVENT Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals 2GL BROWN 42
Chemicals 2RL BROWN 43
Chemicals 6RL BROWN 44
Ciba Specialty ORASOL ORANGE SOLVENT Dye Inks 1:2 COBALT COMPLEX
Chemicals G ORANGE 11
Ciba Specialty ORASOL ORANGE SOLVENT Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals RG ORANGE 99
Ciba Specialty ORASOL PINK SOLVENT RED Dye Inks 1:1 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals 5BLG 127
Ciba Specialty ORASOL RED 2B SOLVENT RED Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals 233
55
Ciba Specialty ORASOL RED 3GL SOLVENT RED Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals 130
Ciba Specialty ORASOL RED BL SOLVENT RED Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX 12237-
Chemicals 122 55-3
Ciba Specialty ORASOL RED G SOLVENT RED Dye Inks 1:2 COBALT COMPLEX
Chemicals 125
Ciba Specialty ORASOL YELLOW SOLVENT Dye Inks 1:2 CHROME COMPLEX
Chemicals 2GLN YELLOW 88
Ciba Specialty ORASOL YELLOW SOLVENT Dye Inks 1:2 COBALT COMPLEX
Chemicals 2RLN YELLOW 89
Ciba Specialty ORASOL YELLOW SOLVENT Dye Inks 1:2 COBALT COMPLEX
Chemicals 3R YELLOW 25
Ciba Specialty ORASOL YELLOW SOLVENT Dye Inks METAL-FREE MONOAZO
Chemicals 4GN YELLOW 146
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE BLACK PIGMENT 77266 Pigment Inks CARBON BLACK 1333-
Chemicals B-PI BLACK 7 86-4
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
Chemicals B-PI 15 UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE BLUE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
Chemicals GN-PI 15:3 14-8
Chemicals G-PA 15:3 14-8
Chemicals G-PI 15:3 14-8
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE PIGMENT 21115 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE PYRAZOLONE 15793-
Chemicals ORANGE F2G-PI ORANGE 34 73-4
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE RED PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Inks LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
Chemicals CBNL-PI 53:1 02-1
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE RED PIGMENT RED 12310 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red; N-phenyl-4- 6041-
Chemicals FBN-PI 2 ((2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo)-3- 94-7
hydroxy-2-
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE RED PIGMENT RED 12355 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 3-hydroxy-4- 6471-
Chemicals RBS-PI 23 ((2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo)- 49-4
carboxamide
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 4B-TONER 5281-
Chemicals RUBINE 4BA-PA 57:1 and 04-9
inks
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
Chemicals YELLOW BAW-PI YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals YELLOW B-PA YELLOW 13 83-0
Chemicals YELLOW B-PI YELLOW 13 83-0
Ciba Specialty UNISPERSE PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
Chemicals YELLOW BRM-PI YELLOW 14 75-7
DuPont TI-PURE Pigment Titanium dioxide, Aluminium 13463-
hydroxide , Amorphous silica 67-7,
21645-
51-2,
7631-
86-9
Engelhard 1112 RIGHTFIT Pigment
SCARLET
Engelhard 1115 RIGHTFIT RED Pigment

B
YELLOW R
YELLOW
YELLOW 3R
Engelhard 2920 RIGHTFIT BRILLIANT ORANGE Pigment
Engelhard ALSIBRONZ MICRA Pigment Potassium aluminum silicate platelets
56
Engelhard SYNERGY YELLOW Pigment Plastics Organic/inorganic
6226
Heubach Heuco Blau 501510 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
15:1 and STABILIZED) 14-8
inks
Heubach Heuco Blau 515303 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
15:3 and 14-8
inks
Heubach Heuco Gelb 100100 PIGMENT 11680 Pigment Inks Monoazo yellow 2512-
YELLOW 1 29-0
Heubach Heuco Gelb 100300 PIGMENT 11710 Pigment Inks Monoazo Yellow 6486-
YELLOW 3 23-3
Heubach Heuco Gelb 106100 PIGMENT 13880 Pigment Plastics Calcium Lake of Monoazo Yellow
YELLOW 61
Heubach Heuco Gelb 106200 PIGMENT 13940:1 Pigment Plastics Calcium Lake of Monoazo Yellow
YELLOW 62:1
Heubach Heuco Gelb 107400 PIGMENT 11741 Pigment Inks 2-((2-methoxy-4- 6358-
YELLOW 74 nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(2- 31-2
methoxyphenyl)-3-
oxobutanamide
Heubach Heuco Gelb 107401 PIGMENT 11741 Pigment Inks 2-((2-methoxy-4- 6358-
YELLOW 74 nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(2- 31-2
methoxyphenyl)-3-
oxobutanamide
Heubach Heuco Gelb 108300 PIGMENT 21108 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE DIMETHOXY 5567-
YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Heubach Heuco Gelb 109300 PIGMENT 20710 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation Yellow
YELLOW 93
Heubach Heuco Gelb 109500 PIGMENT 20034 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
YELLOW 95
Heubach Heuco Gelb 114700 PIGMENT 60645 Pigment Plastics Aminoanthraquinone Yellow 4118-
YELLOW 147 16-5
Heubach Heuco Gelb 115100 PIGMENT 13980 Pigment Plastics BENZIMIDAZOLON 61036-
YELLOW 151 and 28-0
inks
Heubach Heuco Gelb 115400 PIGMENT 11781 Pigment Plastics Benzimidazolone Yellow 63661-
YELLOW 154 and 02-9
inks
Heubach Heuco Gelb 118300 PIGMENT 18792 Pigment Plastics Monoazo Yellow lake
YELLOW 183
Heubach Heuco Gelb 119400 PIGMENT 11785 Pigment Plastics Benzimidazolone Yellow
YELLOW 194
Heubach Heuco Grün 600703 PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Heubach Heuco Grün 600703 PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
K GREEN 7 (HALOGENATED) 53-6
Heubach Heuco Orange PIGMENT 12075 Pigment Inks beta-Naphthol Orange 3468-
200503 ORANGE 5 63-1
Heubach Heuco Orange PIGMENT 11780 Pigment Inks Benzimidazolone Orange 12236-
203600 ORANGE 36 62-3
Heubach Heuco Orange PIGMENT 11775 Pigment Plastics Benzimidazolone Orange 75601-
206200 ORANGE 62 and 68-2
inks
Heubach Heuco Rot 300200 PIGMENT RED 12310 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red; N-phenyl-4- 6041-
2 ((2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo)-3- 94-7
hydroxy-2-
Heubach Heuco Rot 300202 PIGMENT RED 12310 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red; N-phenyl-4- 6041-
hydroxy-2-
57
Heubach Heuco Rot 300403 PIGMENT RED 12085 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 1-(2-Chloro-4- 2814-
4 nitrophenylazo)-2-naphthol 77-9
Heubach Heuco Rot 304830 PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics Strontium Lake of BONA Red 15782-
48:3 and 05-5
inks
Heubach Heuco Rot 305713 PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks BONA Red lake 5281-
57:1 04-9
Heubach Heuco Rot 311202 PIGMENT RED 12370 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red 6535-
112 46-2
Heubach Heuco Rot 314400 PIGMENT RED 20735 Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment 5280-
144 and 78-4
inks
Heubach Heuco Rot 316600 PIGMENT RED 20730 Pigment Inks Disazo condensation pigment 3905-
166 19-9
Heubach Heuco Rot 317000 PIGMENT RED 12475 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red 2786-
170 76-7
Heubach Heuco Rot 317001 PIGMENT RED 12475 Pigment Plastics Naphthol AS Red 2786-
170 and 76-7
inks
170 and 76-7
inks
170 and 76-7
inks
Heubach Heuco Rot 317701 PIGMENT RED 65300 Pigment Plastics 4,4'-diamino-1,1'- 4051-
177 and dianthraquinonyl 63-2
inks
Heubach Heuco Rot 321401 PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics Disazo condensation pigment
214 and
inks
Impex Colors LAKE RED C PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Plastics LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
and Additives (OPAQUE) 53:1 and 02-1
inks
Impex Colors LAKE RED CT PIGMENT RED 15585 Pigment Plastics Benzenesulfonic acid, 5-chloro- 2092-
and Additives (TRANSPARENT) 53 and 2-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]-4- 56-0
inks methyl-, monosodium salt
Impex Colors ORANGE HF PIGMENT 21115 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE PYRAZOLONE 15793-
and Additives ORANGE 34 and 73-4
inks
Impex Colors ORANGE-5 PIGMENT 12075 Pigment Plastics beta-Naphthol Orange 3468-
and Additives ORANGE 5 and 63-1
inks
Impex Colors ORANGE-G PIGMENT 21110 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE PYRAZOLONE; 3520-
and Additives ORANGE 13 and 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-di[(3,4-dihydro- 72-7
biphenyl
Impex Colors PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
and Additives ALPHA BLUE 15 and UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
inks
Impex Colors PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
and Additives ALPHA BLUE 15:1 and STABILIZED) 14-8
inks
Impex Colors PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į) 147-
and Additives ALPHA BLUE 15:2 14-8
Impex Colors PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
and Additives BETA BLUE 15:3 and 14-8
inks
Impex Colors PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ 147-
and Additives BETA BLUE 15:4 and NON-FLOCC) 14-8
inks
Impex Colors PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
and Additives GREEN GREEN 7 and (HALOGENATED) 53-6
inks
Impex Colors RED 4 (SIGNAL PIGMENT RED 12085 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 1-(2-Chloro-4- 2814-
and Additives RED) 4 nitrophenylazo)-2-naphthol 77-9
58
Impex Colors RED 49:1 PIGMENT RED 15630:1 Pigment Inks Lithol Red 3144 1103-
and Additives 49:1 38-4
Impex Colors RED 49:2 PIGMENT RED 15630:2 Pigment Inks Calcium bis[2-(2-hydroxy-1- 1103-
and Additives 49:2 naphthylazo)-1- 39-5
naphthalenesulfonate]
Impex Colors RED F2B PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
and Additives 48:2 and 61-2
inks
Impex Colors RED F2R PIGMENT RED 12310 Pigment Plastics Naphthol AS Red; N-phenyl-4- 6041-
and Additives 2 and ((2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo)-3- 94-7
inks hydroxy-2-
Impex Colors RUBINE TONER PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics BONA Red lake 5281-
and Additives CAO(OPAQUE) 57:1 and 04-9
inks
Impex Colors RUBINE TONER PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 4B-TONER 5281-
and Additives CAT 57:1 and 04-9
(TRANSPARENT) inks
Impex Colors VIOLET 23 PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE 6358-
and Additives VIOLET 23 and 30-1
inks
Impex Colors VIOLET 3 PIGMENT 42535:2 Pigment Inks Permanent basic dye-based 1325-
and Additives VIOLET 3 pigments 82-2
Impex Colors YELLOW 10G PIGMENT 11710 Pigment Plastics Monoazo Yellow 6486-
and Additives YELLOW 3 and 23-3
inks
Impex Colors YELLOW 74 PIGMENT 11741 Pigment Plastics 2-((2-methoxy-4- 6358-
and Additives YELLOW 74 and nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(2- 31-2
inks methoxyphenyl)-3-
oxobutanamide
Impex Colors YELLOW 83 PIGMENT 21108 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE DIMETHOXY 5567-
and Additives YELLOW 83 and CHLORANILIDE 15-7
inks
Impex Colors YELLOW AG PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
and Additives (OPAQUE) YELLOW 12 and 85-6
inks
Impex Colors YELLOW AGG PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
inks
Impex Colors YELLOW PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
and Additives AR(TRANSPARENT) YELLOW 12 85-6
Impex Colors YELLOW ARX PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
inks
Impex Colors YELLOW G PIGMENT 11680 Pigment Inks Monoazo yellow 2512-
and Additives YELLOW 1 29-0
Jeco Pigment Carmine Red A6B PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics BONA Red lake 5281-
57:1 and 04-9
inks
Jeco Pigment Fast Brilliant Red N PIGMENT RED 12315 Pigment Inks 3-Hydroxy-4-(2-methyl-5- 6448-
22 nitrophenylazo)-N-phenyl-2- 95-9
Jeco Pigment Fast Pink Toner PIGMENT RED 45160:1 Pigment Plastics 9-(2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl)- 12224-
81 and 3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7- 98-5
inks dimethylxanthylium
molybdatetungstatephosphate
Jeco Pigment Fast Red FBB JH-B PIGMENT RED 12485 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL AS 5280-
146 68-2
Jeco Pigment Fast Red FBB JH-Y PIGMENT RED 12485 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL AS 5280-
146 68-2
Jeco Pigment Fast Rose Red PIGMENT RED 12355 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 3-hydroxy-4- 6471-
23 ((2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo)- 49-4
carboxamide
Jeco Pigment Fast Rose Toner PIGMENT 45170:2 Pigment Inks Permanent basic dye-based 1326-
VIOLET 1 pigments 03-0
59
Jeco Pigment Fast Scarlet Red PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics Strontium Lake of BONA Red 15782-
BBS 48:3 and 05-5
inks
Jeco Pigment Fast Scarlet Red PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
BBC 48:2 61-2
Jeco Pigment Fast Scarlet Red PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
BBC-SP 48:2 and 61-2
inks
Jeco Pigment Fast Scarlet Red PIGMENT RED 15865:1 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ba) 7585-
BBN 48:1 and 41-3
inks
Jeco Pigment Fast Violet Toner PIGMENT 42535:2 Pigment Inks Permanent basic dye-based 1325-
VIOLET 3 pigments 82-2
Jeco Pigment Hansa Yellow 10G PIGMENT 11710 Pigment Inks Monoazo Yellow 6486-
YELLOW 3 23-3
Jeco Pigment Hansa Yellow G PIGMENT 11680 Pigment Inks Monoazo yellow 2512-
YELLOW 1 29-0
Jeco Pigment JHB-702 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
15 UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
Jeco Pigment JHB-705 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
15 and UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
inks
15 and UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
inks
15 UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
15:1 STABILIZED) 14-8
Jeco Pigment JHB-BGSG PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
15:3 14-8
Jeco Pigment JHB-BGSH PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
15:3 and 14-8
inks
Jeco Pigment JHB-BGSK PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
15:3 14-8
Jeco Pigment JHG-816 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ 147-
15:4 NON-FLOCC) 14-8
Jeco Pigment JHG-8795 PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
GREEN 7 and (HALOGENATED) 53-6
inks
Jeco Pigment JHG-GB PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
Jeco Pigment JHG-GF PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
inks
Jeco Pigment JHG-GI PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
inks
Jeco Pigment JHG-GN PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
inks
Jeco Pigment Lithol Dark Red RB PIGMENT RED 15630:2 Pigment Inks Calcium bis[2-(2-hydroxy-1- 1103-
49:2 naphthylazo)-1- 39-5
naphthalenesulfonate]
Jeco Pigment Lithol Rubine BWB PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks BONA Red lake 5281-
57:1 04-9
Jeco Pigment Lithol Red R PIGMENT RED 15630:1 Pigment Inks Lithol Red 3144 1103-
49:1 38-4
60
Jeco Pigment Lithol Rubine BOB PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks BONA Red lake 5281-
57:1 04-9
Jeco Pigment Lithol Rubine BOY PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks BONA Red lake 5281-
57:1 04-9
Jeco Pigment Lithol Rubine BWY PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks BONA Red lake 5281-
57:1 04-9
Jeco Pigment Lithol Rubine JH-SP PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Inks BONA Red lake 5281-
57:1 04-9
Jeco Pigment Permanent Red PIGMENT RED 12475 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red 2786-
F2RK 170 76-7
Jeco Pigment Permanent Red PIGMENT RED 12475 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red 2786-
F3RK 170 76-7
Jeco Pigment Permanent Orange PIGMENT 21115 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE PYRAZOLONE 15793-
RL ORANGE 34 and 73-4
inks
Jeco Pigment Permanent Orange PIGMENT 12075 Pigment Inks beta-Naphthol Orange 3468-
RN-W ORANGE 5 63-1
Jeco Pigment Permanent Red BBM PIGMENT RED 15865:4 Pigment Plastics BON 2B, Mn lake 5280-
48:4 and 66-0
inks
Jeco Pigment Permanent Red F2R PIGMENT RED 12310 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red; N-phenyl-4- 6041-
hydroxy-2-
Jeco Pigment Permanent Red F4R PIGMENT RED 12335 Pigment Inks 3-Hydroxy-4-(2-methyl-5- 6410-
8 nitrophenylazo)-N-(4-chloro- 30-6
phenyl)-2-
Jeco Pigment Permanent Red FGR PIGMENT RED 12370 Pigment Plastics Naphthol AS Red 6535-
112 and 46-2
inks
Jeco Pigment Permanent Red R PIGMENT RED 12085 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 1-(2-Chloro-4- 2814-
4 nitrophenylazo)-2-naphthol 77-9
Jeco Pigment Permanent Violet BL PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE 6358-
VIOLET 23 30-1
Jeco Pigment Permanent Violet RL PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Inks DIOXAZINE 6358-
VIOLET 23 30-1
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
2GS YELLOW 14 75-7
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
2GS-02 YELLOW 14 75-7
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow PIGMENT 11741 Pigment Inks 2-((2-methoxy-4- 6358-
5GX YELLOW 74 nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(2- 31-2
methoxyphenyl)-3-
oxobutanamide
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow G PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
YELLOW 12 85-6
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow PIGMENT 21105 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE o-ANISIDIDE 4531-
GG YELLOW 17 and 49-1
inks
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
GR YELLOW 13 83-0
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow PIGMENT 13940 Pigment Plastics AZO SALT (Ca) 12286-
GRC YELLOW 62 66-7
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow PIGMENT 13960 Pigment Plastics AZO SALT (Ca)
GRO YELLOW 168
Jeco Pigment Permanent Yellow PIGMENT 21108 Pigment Inks DIARYLIDE DIMETHOXY 5567-
HR YELLOW 83 CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Jeco Pigment Red Toner C PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Plastics LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
53:1 and 02-1
inks
Jeco Pigment Red Toner C-P PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Plastics LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
53:1 02-1
Jeco Pigment Rubber Bordeaux BF PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics 6448-
31 and 96-0
inks
61
Jeco Pigment X-7521 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
15:3 and 14-8
inks
Jeco Pigment X-7531 PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Inks Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
15:3 14-8
Skyhigh ART RED PIGMENT RED 12315 Pigment Inks 3-Hydroxy-4-(2-methyl-5- 6448-
chemicals 22 nitrophenylazo)-N-phenyl-2- 95-9
Skyhigh BENZIDINE PIGMENT 21090 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE ANILIDE 6358-
chemicals YELLOW G YELLOW 12 and 85-6
inks
Skyhigh BENZIDINE PIGMENT 21100 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE m-XYLIDIDE 5102-
chemicals YELLOW GR YELLOW 13 and 83-0
inks
Skyhigh BRILLIANT PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics BON 4B, Ca lake 5281-
chemicals CARMINE 6BN 57:1 and 04-9
inks
Skyhigh BRILLIANT PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics BON 4B, Ca lake 5281-
chemicals CARMINE 6BY 57:1 and 04-9
inks
Skyhigh BRONZE RED C PIGMENT RED 15585:1 Pigment Plastics LAKE RED C (Ba) 5160-
chemicals 53:1 and 02-1
inks
Skyhigh CHROME YELLOW PIGMENT 77600 Pigment Plastics LEAD CHROMATE
chemicals YELLOW 34 and
inks
Skyhigh FAST PINK TONER PIGMENT RED 45160:1 Pigment Inks 9-(2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl)- 12224-
chemicals 81 3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7- 98-5
dimethylxanthylium
molybdatetungstatephosphate
Skyhigh FAST RED BBC PIGMENT RED 15865:2 Pigment Plastics AZO 2B-TONER (Ca) 7023-
inks
Skyhigh FAST RED BBS PIGMENT RED 15865:3 Pigment Plastics Strontium Lake of BONA Red 15782-
inks
Skyhigh FAST ROSE PIGMENT RED 12355 Pigment Inks NAPHTHOL RED; 3-hydroxy-4- 6471-
chemicals 23 ((2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo)- 49-4
carboxamide
Skyhigh FAST ROSE TONER PIGMENT 45170:2 Pigment Inks Permanent basic dye-based 1326-
chemicals VIOLET 1 pigments 03-0
Skyhigh FAST SCARLET PIGMENT RED 15865:1 Pigment Inks AZO 2B-TONER (Ba) 7585-
chemicals BBN 48:1 41-3
Skyhigh FAST VIOLET PIGMENT 42535:2 Pigment Inks Permanent basic dye-based 1325-
chemicals TONER R VIOLET 3 pigments 82-2
Skyhigh FAST YELLOW 10G PIGMENT 11710 Pigment Inks Monoazo Yellow 6486-
chemicals YELLOW 3 23-3
Skyhigh FAST YELLOW G PIGMENT 11680 Pigment Inks Monoazo yellow 2512-
chemicals YELLOW 1 29-0
Skyhigh FLUORESCENT FLUORESCENT Pigment Plastics
chemicals BLUE BLUE and
inks
chemicals GOLDEN YELLOW YELLOW and
inks
chemicals GREEN GREEN and
inks
chemicals LEMON YELLOW YELLOW and
inks
chemicals ORANGE RED RED and
inks
62
chemicals ORANGE YELLOW YELLOW and
inks
chemicals PINK RED and
inks

chemicals RED RED and
inks

chemicals VIOLET VIOLET and
inks
Skyhigh INDANTHRENE PIGMENT BLUE 69800 Pigment Inks INDANTHRONE; vat blue 4; 81-77-
chemicals BLUE 60 6,15-dihydro-5,9,14,18- 6
anthrazinetetrone
Skyhigh LITHOL RED 3144 PIGMENT RED 15630:1 Pigment Inks Lithol Red 3144 1103-
chemicals 49:1 38-4
Skyhigh LITHOL RUBINE 6B PIGMENT RED 15850:1 Pigment Plastics BON 4B, Ca lake 5281-
inks
Skyhigh MOLYBDATE RED PIGMENT RED 77605 Pigment Plastics MIX CRYSTAL LEAD-(SULFO)-
chemicals 104 104 and CHROMATE-MOLYBD
inks
Skyhigh PERMANENT PIGMENT 21110 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE PYRAZOLONE; 3520-
chemicals ORANGE G ORANGE 13 and 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-di[(3,4-dihydro- 72-7
biphenyl
Skyhigh PERMANENT PIGMENT 12075 Pigment Inks beta-Naphthol Orange 3468-
chemicals ORANGE RN ORANGE 5 63-1
Skyhigh PERMANENT PINK PIGMENT RED 12485 Pigment Plastics NAPHTHOL AS 5280-
chemicals FBB 146 and 68-2
inks
Skyhigh PERMANENT RED PIGMENT RED 12310 Pigment Inks Naphthol AS Red; N-phenyl-4- 6041-
chemicals F2R 2 ((2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo)-3- 94-7
hydroxy-2-
Skyhigh PERMANENT RED PIGMENT RED 12335 Pigment Plastics 3-Hydroxy-4-(2-methyl-5- 6410-
chemicals F4R 8 and nitrophenylazo)-N-(4-chloro- 30-6
inks phenyl)-2-
Skyhigh PERMANENT RED PIGMENT RED 12475 Pigment Plastics Naphthol AS Red 2786-
chemicals F5RK 170 and 76-7
inks
Skyhigh PERMANENT RED PIGMENT RED 12370 Pigment Plastics Naphthol AS Red 6535-
chemicals FGR 112 and 46-2
inks
Skyhigh PERMANENT PIGMENT 51319 Pigment Plastics DIOXAZINE 6358-
chemicals VIOLET RL VIOLET 23 and 30-1
inks
Skyhigh PERMANENT PIGMENT 21095 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE o-TOLUIDIDE 5468-
chemicals YELLOW G YELLOW 14 and 75-7
inks
Skyhigh PERMANENT PIGMENT 21105 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE o-ANISIDIDE 4531-
chemicals YELLOW GG YELLOW 17 and 49-1
inks
Skyhigh PERMANENT PIGMENT 11741 Pigment Inks 2-((2-methoxy-4- 6358-
chemicals YELLOW GX YELLOW 74 nitrophenyl)azo)-N-(2- 31-2
methoxyphenyl)-3-
oxobutanamide
Skyhigh PERMANENT PIGMENT 21108 Pigment Plastics DIARYLIDE DIMETHOXY 5567-
chemicals YELLOW HR YELLOW 83 and CHLORANILIDE 15-7
Colorants inks
63
Skyhigh PERYLENE RED PIGMENT RED 71145 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Bis-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)- 24108-
chemicals 123 123 and anthra[2,1,9-def;6,5,10- 89-2
inks d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-
tetraone
Skyhigh PERYLENE RED PIGMENT RED 71130 Pigment Plastics 2,9-Dimethyl-anthra[2,1,9- 5521-
chemicals 179 179 and def;6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline- 31-3
inks 1,3,8,10-tetraone
Skyhigh PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į 147-
chemicals BLUE B 15 and UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
inks
Skyhigh PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (ȕ) 147-
chemicals BLUE BGS 15:3 and 14-8
inks
Skyhigh PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT BLUE 74160 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE (Į) 147-
chemicals BLUE BN 15:2 14-8
chemicals BLUE BS 15:1 and STABILIZED) 14-8
inks
chemicals BLUE BX 15 and UNSTABILIZED) 14-8
inks
Skyhigh PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT 74260 Pigment Plastics Cu-PHTHALOCYANINE 1328-
chemicals GREEN G GREEN 7 and (HALOGENATED) 53-6
inks
Skyhigh SOLVENT GREEN 3 SOLVENT Dye Plastics 128-
chemicals GREEN 3 80-3
Skyhigh SOLVENT GREEN 5 SOLVENT 59075 Dye Plastics Perylene 79869-
chemicals GREEN 5 59-3
Skyhigh SOLVENT RED 149 SOLVENT RED Dye Plastics 71902-
chemicals 149 18-6
Skyhigh SOLVENT RED 195 SOLVENT RED Dye Plastics Monoazo
chemicals 195
Skyhigh SOLVENT RED 52 SOLVENT RED Dye Plastics 81-39-
chemicals 52 0
Skyhigh SOLVENT RED BR SOLVENT RED 26105 Dye Plastics 1-[2-Methyl-4-(2- 85-83-
chemicals 24 methylphenylazo)phenylazo]-2- 6
naphthol
Skyhigh SOLVENT VIOLET SOLVENT 60725 Dye Plastics 1-Hydroxy-4-(para-toluidino)- 81-48-
chemicals 13 VIOLET 13 9,10-anthraquinone 1
64
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68

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Colour substances in

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SNT Arbeidsrapport 3, 2003

Colour substances in food packaging materials

Copyright: Statens Næringsmiddeltilsyn (SNT)

ISSN 1503 - 2345 1

Summary in Norwegian / Sammendrag

Fargestoffer er mye brukt i matemballasjematerialer. I denne rapporten diskuteres

Pigments and dyes

Table 1 Some of the registered inorganic pigments.

C.I. Generic Name C.I. Number Chemical structure

Organic azo pigments

C.I. Generic Name C.I. CAS Examples of starting compounds*

Table 3 Registered disazo-based pigment types.

C.I. Generic Name C.I. CAS number* Examples of starting compounds*

Table 4 Registered disazo condensation pigment types.

C.I. Generic Name C.I. Number CAS number*

Organic non-azo pigments

Class C.I. Generic Name C.I. Number CAS number*

Pigment green 7 is produced from Pigment blue 15 by chlorination. Pigment green 36 is

16 tetrachloroisoindolinone pigment products were registered from 2 chemically different types.

Class C.I. Generic Name C.I. Number* CAS number*

Application Polymer Process Compounds released Recommendations

Binders in printing inks

Solvents in printing inks

UV- and EB-curing inks

It is common to test the photodegradation of a colorant by photometric measurement of the

Additives in printing inks

Migration from colorants

Material 2-Methylaniline 2,4-Dimethylaniline 2-Methoxyaniline

Regulation of colorants in food packaging

Producer Product name CI Generic CI Product Use Chemical CAS

Ciba Specialty IRGAZIN DPP PIGMENT RED Pigment Plastics DIKETO-PYRROLO-PYRROLE

Engelhard 1115 RIGHTFIT RED Pigment

Skyhigh FLUORESCENT FLUORESCENT Pigment Plastics

Skyhigh FLUORESCENT FLUORESCENT Pigment Plastics

BRAUER, B. and FUNKE, T., 1991, DETERMINING PRIMARY AROMATIC-AMINES IN

INTHORN, D., LERTSUPOCHAVANICH, O., SILAPANUNTAKUL, S., SUJIRARAT, D. and

P. A. Lewis 1988, Pigment handbook (New York: Wiley)

RAJ, B., MURTHY, R. A. N., VIJAYALAKSHMI, N. S., INDIRAMMA, A. R., BALASUBRAHMANYAM,

SOKOLOWSKA-GAJDA, J., 1996, Photodegradation of some 1:2 metal-complexed formazan dyes

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