Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
“Sex” refers to the biological differences between men and women .It
refers to the biological identity of the person and is meant to signify
the fact that one is either male or female. One’s biological sex usually
establishes a pattern of gendered expectations.
Changes over time: Even though gender is historical, the roles and
relations do change over time and, therefore, have definite potential for
modification through development interventions.
Social/Biological:
Men and women’s Productive roles comprise work done for cash and
kind.
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TOPIC 2: PATRIARCHY
Patriarchy is a social system in which adult males hold primary power
and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social
privilege, and control of property. The word is derived from Greek word
for rule of fathers.
Emergency of Patriarchy
There are certainly many who believe that early civilizations existed
that were matriarchal. But no anthropologists or archaeologists,
feminists included, have found evidence of such societies. “The search
for a genuinely egalitarian, let along matriarchal, culture has proved
fruitless,” concludes Sherry Ortner. [3]
• From the beginning of the human race, circa 200.000 BC, there arose
only matriarchal [1] societies. They reflect the initial and most natural
behavior of women, men, old and young.
• They started in Africa and spread over the whole planet. And on their
way they left behind wonderful art and symbolic language - in caves,
on objects - that tell us their story. Some of them continued with their
lifestyle until today - using the same patterns and symbols on their
pottery, clothes and so on.[2]
• The Neolithic people refined their cultures from 10.000 BC in North and
South America (east coasts), in Near East, East Asia and Middle East.
In these places the later Advanced Cultures independently evolved.
• Matriarchies lasted until all the time to about 2500 BC when
conquerors moved West, East and South East from Inner Asia.
-The male control over women does not necessarily mean that it leads
to violence of all forms all the time under which women suffer. It
could be so very subtle that it can almost become invisible and
therefore invincible.
Marxist Feminism
• Its major task was to open up the complex relations between gender
and the economy and to expose the structural control of patriarchy
with all its guises, exerted on women’s reproductive functions.