Data and Results in Sedimentation

Table 1.0 Height of Interface for slurry at Different Concentrations

Height of Interface
Time Interval (min)
2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
0 270 320 360 390 425
5 198 258 317 370 404
10 148 199 285 310 389
15 97 150 260 289 360
20 60 101 223 264 335
25 24 73 177 241 316
30 22 53.5 128 196 281
35 20 47 107 165 251
40 19.5 44 91 145 224
45 18.9 42 77 128 205.5
50 18.5 41 69 114 187
After 24 hours 16 29 40 50 69

Height Interface of Varying Concentration at time

450
400
350
300
2%
250
Height (mm)

4%
200
6%
150
8%
100
10%
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
t (min)

Figure 1.0 Height Interface of Varying Concentration at time t

Table 1.1 Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity at 2%

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 270 20.25562 -

5 198 27.62086 14.4

10 148 36.95233 12.2
15 97 56.38073 11.5
20 60 91.14885 10.5
25 24 227.87213 9.8
30 22 248.58777 8.3
35 20 273.44655 7.1
40 19.5 280.45800 6.3
45 18.9 289.36143 5.6
50 18.5 295.61789 5.0

16

14
Settling Rate (mm/min)

12

10

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 1-1 Limiting Concentrations vs. Settling Velocity at 2%

Table 1.2 Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity at 4%

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 320 41.03574 -

5 258 50.89704 12.4

10 199 65.98657 12.1

15 150 87.54291 11.3

20 101 130.01422 11.0

25 73 179.88269 9.9

30 53.5 245.44742 8.9

35 47 279.39227 7.8

40 44 298.44174 6.9

45 42 312.65326 6.2

50 41 320.27895 5.6

14

12
Settling Rate (mm/min)

10

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 1-2 Limiting Concentrations vs. Settling Velocity at 4%

Table 1.3 Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Velocity at 6%

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 360 62.36097 -

5 317 70.82002 8.6

10 285 78.77175 7.5
15 270 83.14796 6.0
20 263 85.36102 4.9
25 177 126.83587 7.3
30 128 175.39023 7.7
35 107 209.81261 7.2
40 91 246.70274 6.7
45 77 291.55778 6.3
50 69 325.36158 5.8

10
9
8
Settling Rate (mm/min)

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 1-3 Limiting Concentration vs. Velocity at 6%

Table 1.4 Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Velocity at 8%

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 390 84.25307 -

5 370 88.80729 4.0

10 310 105.99580 8.0

15 289 113.69791 6.7

20 264 124.46476 6.3

25 241 136.34314 6.0

30 196 167.64641 6.5

35 165 199.14362 6.4

40 145 226.61170 6.1

45 128 256.70857 5.8

50 114 288.23419 5.5

9
8
7
Settling Rate (mm/min)

6
5
4
3
2
1
0

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 1-4 Limiting Concentration vs. Velocity at 8%

Table 1.5 Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Velocity at 10%

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 425 106.7349 -

5 404 112.2830 4.2

10 389 116.6127 3.6

15 360 126.0065 4.3

20 335 135.4099 4.5

25 316 143.5517 4.4

30 281 161.4318 4.8

35 251 180.7264 5.0

40 224 202.5104 5.0

45 205.5 220.7413 4.9

50 187 242.5793 4.8

5
Settling Rate (mm/min)

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 1-5 Limiting Concentration vs. Velocity at 10%

Table 1.6 Data for initial Mass Settling Rate for each concentration

C (g/L) J

2% 291.6809

4% 508.8432

6% 536.3043

8% 337.0122

10% 448.2866

600

500
Initial Mass Settling Velocity Rate

400

300

200

100

0
2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
Concentration

Figure 1-6 Concentration vs. Initial Mass Settling Rate

Table 2 Height of Interface for Slurry for 4%wt CaCO3 at Different Volumes

Height of Interface
Time Interval (min)
550 ml 700 ml 900 ml 1000 ml 1020 ml

0 229 296 405 473 490

1 198 205 375 428 444
6 164 234 344 376 392
11 144 214 323 323 339
16 108 169 274 275 290
21 86 138 232 234 248
26 69 117 199 203 210
31 64 103 179 181 191
36 52 83 152 173 179
41 49 74 140 160 161
46 45 69 128 151 147
after 24 hrs 34 41 52 57 58

600

500

400
Height (mm)

550 ml
300 700 ml
900 ml
200 1000 ml
1020 ml
100

0
0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46
Time (min)

Figure 2.0 Height of Interface of Varying Volumes at time t

Table 2.1 Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 550 ml solution

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 229 41.03527 -

1 198 47.45998 31.0

6 164 57.29924 10.8
11 144 65.25748 7.7
16 108 87.00997 7.6
21 86 109.26834 6.8
26 69 136.18952 6.2
31 64 146.82933 5.3
36 52 180.71302 4.9
41 49 191.77708 4.4
46 45 208.82393 4.0

12

10
Settling Velocity (mm/min)

0
57.29 65.25 87 109.26 136.18 146.82 180.71 191.77 208.82
Concentration (g/L)

Figure 2-1 Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 550 ml solution
Table 2.2Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 700 ml solution

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 296 41.03529 -

1 205 59.25096 91.0

6 234 51.90789 10.3
11 214 56.75909 7.5
16 169 71.87246 7.9
21 138 88.01772 7.5
26 117 103.81578 6.9
31 103 117.92666 6.2
36 83 146.34272 5.9
41 74 164.14116 5.4
46 69 176.03544 4.9

12

10
Settling Velocity (mm/min)

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 2-2Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 700 ml solution

Table 2.3Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 900 ml solution

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 405 41.03533 -

1 375 44.31816 30.0

6 344 48.31194 10.2
11 323 51.45296 7.5
16 274 60.65441 8.2
21 232 71.63495 8.2
26 199 83.51411 7.9
31 179 92.84529 7.3
36 152 109.33756 7.0
41 140 118.70934 6.5
46 128 129.83835 6.0

12

10
Settling Velocity (mm/min)

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 2-3Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 900 ml solution

Table 2.4Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 1000 ml solution

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 473 41.03574 -

1 428 45.35025 45.0

6 376 51.62209 16.2
11 323 60.09259 13.6
16 275 70.58147 12.4
21 234 82.94831 11.4
26 203 95.61529 10.4
31 181 107.23704 9.4
36 173 112.19598 8.3
41 160 121.31191 7.6
46 151 128.54242 7.0

18
16
Settling Velocity (mm/min)

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 2-4Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 1000 ml solution

Table 2.5Data for Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 1020 ml solution

Time Interval (min) Zi (mm) C (g/L) Vs (mm/min)

0 490 41.03529 -

1 444 45.28669 46.0

6 392 51.29411 16.3
11 339 59.31355 13.7
16 290 69.33549 12.5
21 248 81.07779 11.5
26 210 95.74901 10.8
31 191 105.27378 9.6
36 179 112.33124 8.6
41 161 124.89001 8.0
46 147 136.78430 7.5

18
16
Settling Velocity (mm/min)

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

Concentration (g/L)

Figure 2-5Limiting Concentration vs. Settling Velocity for 4% 1020 ml solution

Table 2.6 Data for Initial Mass Settling Rate for 4%wt Solution at Different Volumes

Weight of Solution (g) J (g/L.min)

22.5694 443.1809

28.7247 422.6635

36.9318 418.5603

41.0353 664.7789

41.8560 668.8752

800

700

600
Initial Mass Settling Rate

500

400

300

200

100

0
550 700 900 1000 1020
Concentration

Figure 2-6 Initial Mass Settling Rate vs. Concentration for 4%wt Solution at Different Volumes
Calculations:

C= CoZo/Z

V=((Zo-Z))/t

J= Co Vo

where: C = limiting concentration

Co = initial concentration

Vo = initial settling velocity

V = settling velocity

Zo = initial height

Z = height at a certain time

T = time needed to reach current height

J = initial mass settling rate

A. Composition of the Slurry at Different Concentrations for 1 L solution

ρCaCO3 =2.71 g/ml

ρH2O =1 g/ml

FOR 1 L SOLUTION: Assume 100 g solution

 2% by weight CaCO3

2𝑔
CaCO3 = = 0.7380 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

98 𝑔
H2O = = 98 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

Total = 98.7380 𝑚𝑙

98 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
98.7380 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 992.5257 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 992.5257 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 992.5257 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 7.4743 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙
 = 20.2553 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

 4% by weight CaCO3
4𝑔
CaCO3 = = 1.4760 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

96 𝑔
H2O = = 96 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

Total = 97.4760 𝑚𝑙

96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 984.8578 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 984.8578 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 984.8578 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 15.1422 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 41.0354 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

 6% by weight CaCO3

6𝑔
CaCO3 = = 2.2140 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

94 𝑔
H2O = = 94 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

Total = 96.2140 𝑚𝑙

94 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
96.2140 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 976.9888 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 976.9888 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 976.9888 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 23.0112 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 62.3604 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

 8% by weight CaCO3

8𝑔
CaCO3 = = 2.9520 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

92 𝑔
H2O = = 92 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

Total = 94.9520 𝑚𝑙

92 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
94.9520 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 968.9106 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
 = 968.9106 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 968.9106 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 31.0894 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 84.2523 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

 10% by weight CaCO3

10 𝑔
CaCO3 = = 3.690 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

90 𝑔
H2O = = 90 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

Total = 93.690 𝑚𝑙

90 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
93.69 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 960.6148 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 960.6148 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 960.6148 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 39.3852 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 106.7339 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

B. Composition of the Slurry at Different Volumes of 4%

FOR 500 ml SOLUTION: Assume 100 g solution

4𝑔
CaCO3 = = 1.4760 𝑚𝑙
2.71 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

96 𝑔
H2O = = 96 𝑚𝑙
1.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

Total = 97.4760 𝑚𝑙

 4% by weight CaCO3 for 550 ml

96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 550 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 541.6718 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 541.6718 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 550 𝑚𝑙 − 541.6718 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 8.3282 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 22.5694 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
 4% by weight CaCO3 for 700 ml

96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 700 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 689.4005 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 689.4005 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 700 𝑚𝑙 − 689.4005 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 10.5995 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 28.7247 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

 4% by weight CaCO3 for 900 ml

96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 900 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 886.3720 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 886.3720 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 900 𝑚𝑙 − 886.3720 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 13.6280 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 36.9318 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

 4% by weight CaCO3 for 1000 ml

96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1000 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 984.8578 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 984.8578 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1000 𝑚𝑙 − 984.8578 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 15.1422 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 41.0353 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

 4% by weight CaCO3 for 1020 ml

96 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
=
97.4760 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦 1020 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑦
1𝑔
𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑋 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ρ𝐻2 O) = 1004.5550 𝑚𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑙
= 1004.5550 𝑔 𝐻2 0
𝑔
CaCO3 = 1020 𝑚𝑙 − 1004.5550 𝑚𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂 = 15.4450 𝑚𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝑥 2.71
𝑚𝑙

= 41.8560 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3