INDONESIA

Surga Kehidupan Rayap

NIKEN SUBEKTI
INDONESIA
 INDONESIA
Miangas
Island

Simeuleu
Island

Papua
Island

Alor Island

Territory : 5,193,252 km2; Number of Island : 17,508; Costal lines: 80,000 km

Annual rainfall 2,000-4,000 mm; Temperature 26.8ºC; Relative humidity 65-95%
 PAPUA ISLAND
Latosol
Rensina Mediteran
Organosol Aluvial
Red-Yellow Podsolic
Rensina-Red Podsolic
Brown Podsolic

MAJOR SOIL
TYPES
Termite Preferences : high organic matter content; pH : 6 – 7; Soil Texture: Balanced
content of clay, sand, and silt; water readly available
 FOREST COVERAGE

Areas of Forest coverage 49.9% (93.92 million ha); with over 4000 timber
species.  Large coverage of forest for termites foraging, still available
 FAVORABLE FOR TERMITE
(Geographical distribution, species diversity, foraging territory, frequency of infestation)

EDAPHIC CLIMATIC BIOTIC

INDONESIA
 THE HYPOTHETICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TERMITES

Around 300 species, 50% of them found in Java, Sumatera, and Kalimantan
TERMITES DIVERSITY
The most prominent species as
wood destroying insect

Coptotermes spp(Rhinotermidae)

Schedorhinotermes spp (Rhinotermitidae)

Macrotermes spp(Termitidae)

Microtermes spp(Termitidae)

Cryptotermes spp(Kalotermitidae).
80% of Indonesia wood species
are non durable

The major species:

Meranti (Shorea spp)
Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp)
Kamper (Dryobalanops spp)
Kempas (Koompassia spp)
Lesser known species

Over 4000 timber species;

120 groups of commercial timbers
Anytime. Anywhere.

Prominent Wood
Destroying Termites

+
Favorable Climatic +
Edaphic Factors

+
Non-durable Timbers
in Building/Housing
=

BIOHAZARD POWER
 Percent

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Surabaya

Sidoarjo

Malang

Gresik

Pasuruan

Jember

Magelang

Semarang

Location
Salatiga
(based on 2005 survey)

Kudus

Cirebon
AT 16 CITIES IN JAVA

Sukabumi

Bogor

Serang

Yogyakarta
FREQUENCY OF TERMITE ATTACK ON HOUSING

Jakarta
Economic Loss caused by Termite Attack on Building
Based on Year 1995 estimated Study

400 373
350 336
303
300 273
252
250 223
200
150

100

50

0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
 THE GROWTH OF
TERMITE CONTROL OPERATOR (TCO)

300

250
Number of TCO

200
281
150

100 200
110
50
6 40
0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2008
TERMITE CONTROL TECHNIQUES
1970’s – 1991 (Organochlorine Era)
Soil treatment  Organochlorines banned in
Indonesia, 1991.
1980’s – Organophospate, carbamate, and synthetic
pyrethroids era

1990’s – (Non- Repellent termiticides Era) piperonil,

imidacloprid, chlorpenapyr

2000’s – Baiting Technique Era

(Hexaflumuron, Noviflumuron etc)
 GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
Pertaining to termite control in Indonesia
1989
1989

Minister of of
Minister Public
PublicWork
WorkDecree on Durable
Decree on DurableTimber
Timberforfor Housing
Housing Construction
Construction

1996
1996
Minister ofof
Minister Housing
HousingDecree
Decree on PreservedTimber
on Preserved Timberforfor Housing
Housing Construction
Construction

2000
2000
National
NationalStandard
Standard :: termiticides application
termiticides application on on building
building

2002
2002

Building
Building Law (LawNo.
Law (Law No.28,
28,Year
Year 2002)
2002)

2005
Government Regulation on Building, No 35, 2005
FUTURE NEED

 Increase Public Awareness

 Development Termite
Management System
 Human Resources
Development