1. Which statement below is wrong?

a) Heat is not a thermodynamic state property

@ Heat is related to a process. It is not a thermodynamic state property

*b) Conduction can’t occur in a fluid

@ Conduction could occur in a fluid when the fluid can be considered stationary. For
example, the air trapped in thin double pane windows.

c) The unit of heat rate is W

d) The unit of heat flux is /

@ Heat flux is heat rate per unit area.

2. The inner and outer surfaces of a 4-m x 7-m brick wall of

thickness 0.48 m and thermal conductivity 0.69 W/m·K are
maintained at temperatures of 26°C and 8°C, respectively.

Partial Credit 1: Determine the value of the temperature

gradient in the x-direction, in K/m
a) -37.5
b) -21.2
c) 21.2
d) 37.5
Answer: [a]

Partial Credit 2: Determine the value of the temperature gradient in the x-direction, in ℃/m
a) -37.5
b) -21.2
c) 21.2
d) 37.5
Answer: [a]

Partial Credit 3: Determine the heat flux, in W/m2

a) 15.32
b) 25.87
c) 31.24
d) 38.12
Answer: [b]

Partial Credit 4: Determine the rate of heat transfer through the wall, in W.
a) 412.2
b) 562.1
c) 652.2
d) 724.5
Answer: [d]
~ Heat flux is defined as the heat transfer per unit time per unit area, or the rate of heat transfer
per unit area. Therefore, the heat flux in this case is

∆
= =

Since the K units here represent a temperature difference, and since the temperature difference is
the same in K and °C units, the temperature gradient value is the same in either units. A negative value
of temperature gradient means that temperature is decreasing with increasing x, corresponding to a
positive heat flux in the x-direction.
∆
=
3. An overhead uninsulated industrial
steam pipe of length L diameter D is
routed through a building whose walls and
air are at temperature and .
Pressurized steam maintains a pipe surface
temperature of , and the coefficient
associated with natural convection is h.
The surface emissivity is . What is the
rate of heat loss from the steam line?
Partial Credit 1: Determine the rate of heat loss from the person by convection
a) h( −
b) h( − /4
c) h( −
d) h( − /4
e) h( −
f) None of choices listed
Answer 1 : [a] NOTE: indicate ONLY the LETTER of the choice

Partial Credit 2: Determine the rate of heat loss from the person by radiation
a) −
b) − /4
c) −
d) −
e) − /4
Answer 2 : [d, d)] NOTE: indicate ONLY the LETTER of the choice

Partial Credit 3: Determine the total rate of heat loss from the person
a) [h( − + − ]
b) [h( − + − ]/4
c) [h( − + − ]
d) [h( − − − ]
 e) [h( − + − ]/4
Answer: [a, a) ] NOTE: indicate ONLY the LETTER of the choice

4. Assume steady-state, one-dimensional conduction in the

axisymmetric object below, which is insulated around its
perimeter. Assume thermal conductivity remains constant and
no internal heat generation occurs.

Partial Credit 1: Through the object from x=0 to x=L, which property below remains
constant?
a) heat flux q

b) heat transfer rate Q

c) temperature T
d) cross section area
e) none of the choices listed

Answer 1 : [b, b), heat transfer rate, Q, heat transfer rate Q, heat transfer rate Q ] NOTE: indicate
ONLY the LETTER of the choice

Partial Credit 2: What does the temperature distribution look like?

Answer 3 : [b,b) ] NOTE: indicate ONLY the LETTER of the choice

5. Treating an engine housing as a plane wall, the inner surface ( = 0) is subjected to 6000
/ of heat. The engine housing ( = 13.5 / ∙ ) has a
thickness of = 0.01 , and the outer surface ( = ) is
exposed to an environment where the ambient air is 35℃ with a
convection heat transfer coefficient of ℎ = 20 / ∙ .
Partial Credit 1:
Which statement below about the boundary conditions is
correct?
Hint: 1st B.C=specified temperature; 2nd B.C=specified heat
flux; 3rd B.C=convection
a) The 1st B. C. at x=0, the 1st B. C. at x=L
b) The 1st B. C. at x=0, the 2nd B. C. at x=L
c) The 2nd B. C. at x=0, the 2nd B. C. at x=L
d) The 2nd B. C. at x=0, the 3rd B. C. at x=L
e) The 3rd B. C. at x=0, the 3rd B. C. at x=L
f) None of the choices listed
Answer 1 : [d, d), The 2nd B. C. at x=0, the 3rd B. C. at x=L] NOTE: indicate ONLY the
LETTER of the choice
Partial Credit 2: Express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for steady
one-dimensional heat conduction through the wall

a) = 0, − = , − = ℎ[ − ]

b) = 0, − = , − = ℎ[ − ]

c) + =0, − = , − = ℎ[ − ]

d) + =0, − = , − = ℎ[ − ]

Answer 2 : [a, a)] NOTE: indicate ONLY the LETTER of the choice