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Belt Conveyors

Presentation by Group 1
What is Belt Conveyor?

 Belt Conveyor is a Material Handling


Equipment.

 Belt Conveyor consist of a belt running over


drums or pulleys provided at the end and are
supported at intervals by a series of rollers
known as Idlers.
Types of Belt Conveyors:

 Flat Belt Conveyors

 Troughed Belt Conveyors

 Portable Belt Conveyors


Belt Conveyor Components :
Following are the main components of a Belt
Conveyor system :
 Belt
 Pulleys and Idlers
 Drives
 Motor and Controls
 Conveyor Belt Take-ups
 Hold Backs
 Feeders
Belt :

 Conveyor Belt consist of a carcass embedded in


rubber.
 The carcass is made up of Plies or Layers of Fabric
(Cotton or Synthetic ) bonded together carries
tension and absorbs impact.
 The rubber compound may be natural, synthetic or
a blend. Steel-wire standard cable may also be
used in place of fabric.
Belt (Continued) :

 Vulcanizing or Mechanical Fasteners are


used to make the Conveyor Belts
endless at the job site.
Pulleys and Idlers :

 Pulleys are generally located at the terminals


of a belt conveyors, where they support the
belt and transmit driving power.
 The Conveyor Belts are supported on idlers
between the terminals.
 The idlers are generally of three-roll type ,
with the central roll horizontal and two side
rolls inclined to form a trough.
Pulleys and Idlers (Continued):
 This angle of inclination is generally kept
at 20˚.
 The idler rolls are made up of steel tubing
, with welded end discs which has
antifriction bearings.
 The idler supporting the loaded strand of
the belt is known as upper idler.
Pulleys and Idlers (Continued):

 The idler supporting the return belt is


called as lower idler.
 The upper idler may be 3-roller type
or single-roller type.
 But lower idler always have a single
roller.
Drives :

 Nearly all belt conveyors are driven by


electric motors.
 Speed reduction may be achieved by chain
and sprockets, V-belt or gearing.
 The drives are located at the discharge
end of inclined conveyors.
Motors and Controls :

 Squirrel-cage and wound-rotor type


motors are commonly used in conveyors.
 The motor for a conveyor belt drive must
have sufficient torque to overcome the
starting friction of the system.
Conveyor Belt Take-ups :

 Take-ups are provided to adjust increase


in length of the belt due to its elongation
after it is put into operation. Take-ups
are of 2 types ,
1. Screw take-ups
2. Counter weight take-ups
1. Screw take-ups :

 These are used to increase the length of


the conveyor by moving the head or tail
pulley.
 This system is used for short belts.
2. Weight take-ups :

 In this system weighted pulleys are


provided to create uniform tension in the
returning belt.
 This system is used for long belts
Hold Backs :
 Hold backs are mechanical devices which allow
the driving pulley to rotate only in normal
direction and prevent to rotate in opposite
direction
 Hold backs are provided on the driving pulley to
prevent the load from causing the belt to run
backward in the event of power failure ,if the
belt is operating on an incline.
Feeders :

 These are used to deliver the material to a


belt at a uniform rate.
 It may deliver the material on the belt
either directly or through a chute in order
to reduce the impact of falling material.
Power Required to Drive a Belt
Conveyor :
Belt Conveyor system requires external
power for following purposes:
 To move the empty belt over the idlers
 To move the load
I. Horizontally II. Vertically
 To rotate all pulleys
 To compensate for friction and other
losses
Power Required to Drive a Belt
Conveyor : (continued)
 Power required to move the empty belt :
Horse Power required to move an empty belt is
given by the equation :

LSCW
P=
4500
Power Required to Drive a Belt
Conveyor : (continued)
Where ,
L = Length of conveyor , m
S = Speed of the belt , m/min
C = Idler-friction factor
W= Weight of the moving parts/m of
conveyor
Power Required to Drive a Belt
Conveyor : (continued)
 Power required to move a load horizontally :
Horse power required to move a load horizontally may
be expressed by ,

LCT
P=
3600
Power Required to Drive a Belt
Conveyor : (continued)
Where ,
L = Length of conveyor , m
C = Idler-friction factor
T = Tons material moved per hour
Power Required to Drive a Belt
Conveyor : (continued)
 Power required to move a load up an inclined :
Two components may be calculated from following
relation
i- To move the load horizontally

LCT
P=
3600
Power Required to Drive a Belt
Conveyor : (continued)
ii- Lift the load through the net change in
elevation

TH
P=
3600
Where , T = Material moved in tons/hr
H = Net change in elevation ,m
Belt Capacity :

Carrying capacity of a belt (tons/hr) =


cross sectional area of material on the belt
(m2) x Speed of the belt (m/hr) x Unit
weight of the material (tons/m3)
Selection and Design Criteria :
A belt should have following qualities :
 Width

 Strength

 Thickness and Grade

 Lateral Flexibility

 Impact Resistance

 Lateral Stiffness

 Longitudinal Flexibility
Advantages of Belt Conveyor:
 It is capable of handling light or heavy ,fine or coarse
,wet or dry material.
 It can handle ,thousands of tons of material per hour
for several kilometers.
 It can handle hot materials up to 160˚C or so.
 It is lighter in weight and consumes less power.
 It operates without noise.
 It gives a continuous discharge and quantity of which
can be varied by varying the speed of belt.
 It can carry material horizontally or in an inclination

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