NAME: VIVIANA ANAK VERY MATRIC NO:2018671504

OBJECTIVE

 Identify the type of cell respiration in the yeast.

 Interpret the results on the yeast reaction by using methylene as the artificial hydrogen
acceptor.

HYPOTHESIS

The rate of cellular respiration will change according to the temperature.

INTRODUCTION

Cellular respiration is a process of food molecules oxidation to produce energy ATP

form; it includes aerobic and anaerobic respiration. An aerobic respiration occurs in the
presence of oxygen and the oxygen act as a final electron acceptor. An anaerobic respiration
is also known as a fermentation process, which occurs in the absence o oxygen that uses an
organic molecule as a final electron acceptor.

In yeast cells, the fermentation process produces 2ATP, carbon dioxide and the
wasteful product, ethanol. During this process, NADH will donate the atom hydrogen to keep
generating of NAD+ and continue the fermentation process.

MATERIALS

 Blue methylene 0.5%

 Fresh yeast 10% + Glucose 1%
 Test tube
 Water bath (38 ℃ - 42 ℃ )
 Measuring cylinder 10 cm3
 Beaker 250 cm3
 Rubber stopper

PROCEDURE

1. The test tubes was labelled as A, B and C.

2. 10 cm3 of fresh yeast was poured into the test tubes.
3. Test tube C was put into a beaker of boiling water for 5 minutes.
4. 10 drops of blue methylene was put into each of the test tube and shake well.
5. All the test tubes is placed in water bath (38 ℃ - 42 ℃ ) for fifteen minutes.
The colour of each test tube was recorded.
6. The test tube B was put into a beaker of boiling water for 5 minutes.
7. A rubber stopper was put into each test tube and shaken the test tubes. The colour in
each test tube was recorded.
8. The rubber stopper was removed and the test tube was placed in the water bath for
fifteen minutes. Then, the colour in each test tube was recorded.

RESULT

The colour observed

Test tube
X Y Z
Bubbles is present The solution shows Blue precipitate is present
A The solution shows Bubbles is present
colour of azure
The solution shows colour
colour of cobalt
of cobalt
Bubbles is present The solution shows Blue precipitate is present
B The solution shows The solution shows colour
colour of berry
colour of azure blue of azure blue
Bubbles is not present The solution shows No precipitate is present
C The solution shows The solution shows colour
colour of denim
colour of navy of denim

QUESTION

1. Explain the biochemical process that happened in the test tubes based on your
observation.

In the test tube A, respiration by yeast , methelyne blue is reaction to become

decolourised light blue( cobalt ) . When test tube A was plugged with a rubber
stopper and was shake, the abundance of oxygen oxidized the methylene blue
form cobalt blue to azure blue. When the rubber stopper is removed yeast
undergoes aerobic respiration, reduction occurs to a light blue ( cobalt). Hence
there is blue precipitate is present.
 In the test tube B, respiration of yeast, methelyne blue is reaction to become
decolourise light blue. When test tube B was plugged with rubber stopper and
was shaken, the abundance of oxygen oxidized the methylene blue from light
blue to blue. After second incubation, the suspension remained the same
because boiling enzyme.

In test tube C, boiling denatured the enzyme.

2. Does this reaction controlled by enzyme? Give your reason.

Yes. Yeast contain enzyme which is called as catalase that cats as a catalyst for
the reaction that break down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water.

3. Give one example of structure or substance in living cell that is represented by

blue methylene.

Coenzyme for example , NAD+ .

4. Name the process that involved the activity demonstrated in this experiment.

Cellular pathway which is anaerobic and aerobic respiration.

DISCUSSION

Metabolic pathway is a process where it release stored energy by breaking

down the complex molecules are called catabolic pathway. Transfer of electrons from
fuel molecule like glucose to other molecules plays a major role in these pathways.

The term cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic processes.
However, anaerobic is the most efficient catabolic pathway where it consumed
oxygen as a reactant along with the organic fuel. The cells of most eukaryotic and
many prokaryotic organisms can carry out aerobic respiration. Some prokaryotes use
substance other than oxygen as reactant in a similar process that harvest chemical
energy without oxygen which is called as anaerobic respiration.
 In this experiment, we use 10 cm3 of yeast and added by 10 drops of blue
methylene. Blue methylene act as a redox indicator to indicate the present of oxygen.
In the test tube A, bubble is present after the first and the second water bath. It
indicates the present of oxygen. In the second water bath, there is precipitate present
in the solution. It indicates the dead cell enzyme that been decolourised by the
methylene blue.

Moreover, the test tube B, blue precipitate and bubbles are also present in the
solution. As I say, the bubbles represent the presence of oxygen while the precipitate
represent the dead cell that been decolourised by the methylene blue. For test tube A
and B, the rate of cellular respiration increases as it reaching the optimum
temperature.

Furthermore, in the test tube C the enzyme is denatured due to the high
temperature. Enzyme can only lives at an optimum temperature which is around 40
℃ . In high temperature the rate of reaction will be slower and then the enzyme
will denature and, the reaction will stop immediately.

CONLUSION

The types of cell respiration that occur in the yeast are anaerobic and aerobic
respiration. In the test tube A and B there is present of bubbles which represent the
oxygen. In the test tube C, the enzyme is denatured due to the high temperature.

REFERENCE
 Neil A .Campbell, Lisa A.Urry, Michael L.Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter
V.Minorsky, Jane B. Reece (2018), Biology A Global Approach Eleventh
Edision, Pearson Educational Limited