Collective Nouns

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One of the many twists in English language is the multitude of different names given to collections or groups, be
they beasts, birds, people or things. Many of these collective nouns are beautiful and evocative, even poetic. There
are so many different collective nouns that all mean "group" but which are specific to what detailed thing there is a
group of: a herd of elephants, a box of crayons, a crowd of people, a pad of paper, etc. There is great variety of
collective nouns related with animals, from a sleuth of bears to a troop of lions to a murder of crows.

Remember that nouns are words naming people, animals, places, and things. Collective nouns are in a class all
their own. Once you’ve read the examples mentioned below, you’ll find it much easier to recognize collective nouns
when you see them.

Definition of Collective Nouns

Collective noun is the name we give to a group of nouns to refer to them as one entity. Collective nouns are names
for a collection or a number of people or things. Words like group, herd, and array are collective noun examples.
Now, these collective nouns are not based in scientific thought or fact. Most of them come from the poetry and
imagination of early to late Medieval English eras e.g. - an eloquence of lawyers – Eloquence is defined as fine
persuasion in speaking or writing, so this certain collective noun is a comment on the profession of lawyers while
being their collective noun as well.

In short, Collective nouns are words for single things that are made up of more than one person, animal, place,
thing, or idea. You can’t have a team without individual members; even so, we discuss a team as a single entity. A
collective noun can be singular or plural, depending on a sentence’s context. However, there are some specific
names given for certain groups of nouns to make things more interesting and funny.

Examples of Collective Nouns

o Flock
o Crowd
o School
o Committee
o Audience
o Choir
o Band
o Group
o Staff
o Team

Many singular nouns have very distinctive collective forms that relate specifically to that term. While most people
are acquainted with the more commonly used collectives such as a class of students or crowd of people, there are
a large number of less common collectives. Many people find it exciting to read and learn what the appropriate
collective forms of various nouns are. Many teachers, students, and other lovers of the English language also find
it humorous to list original collectives or come up with new ways to use them in fun or ironic ways. Collective nouns
are called derivational collectives -derived as a result of language relationships and retaining root word tendencies.

Examples of Collective Nouns

We’ll take a closer look at collective nouns, and provide even more examples, placing them in context so it can be
understood better.
 These collective nouns are commonly used under the category of people.
1. A class of students.
2. A choir of singers.
3. A crew of sailors.
4. An army of soldiers.
5. A troupe of artists/dancers.
6. A gang of thieves.
7. A bunch of crooks.
8. A pack of thieves.
9. A flock of tourists.
10. A crowd of people/spectators.
11. A panel of experts.
12. A board of directors.
13. A group of dancers.
14. A band of musicians.
15. A regiment of soldiers.
16. A gang of labourers.
17. A team of players.
18. An audience of listeners.
19. A staff of employees.
20. A tribe of natives.

The following collective nouns are used for animals.

1. A catch of fish.
2. A flight of birds.
3. A flock of birds.
4. A haul of fish.
5. A pack of hounds.
6. An army of ants.
7. A hive of bees.
8. A swarm of bees/ants/rats/flies.
9. A pack of wolves.
10. A herd of deer/cattle/elephants/goats/buffaloes.
11. A troop of lions.
12. A murder of crows.
13. A host of sparrows.
14. A team of horses/ducks/oxen.
15. A flock of sheep.
16. A litter of cubs.
17. A team of horses.
18. A zoo of wild animals.
19. A litter of puppies/kittens.
20. A kennel of dogs.

The following collective nouns are used for things.

1. A group of islands.
2. A forest of trees.
3. A wad of notes.
4. A galaxy of stars.
5. A library of books.
6. A cloud of dust.
7. A range of mountains.
8. A fleet of ships.
9. A bouquet of flowers.
10. A pack of lies.
11. A string of pearls.
12. A chest of drawers.
13. A stack of wood.
14. A hedge of bushes.
15. A basket of fruit.
16. An album of stamps/autographs/photographs.
17. A bowl of rice.
18. A pack of cards.
19. A pair of shoes.
20. A bunch of keys.

Collective nouns are endless and these are just a list of those used more often. As you continue to improve
your English, you will stumble across many more.
List of Collective Nouns The following is a list of Collective Nouns by collective terms:

A clew of worms An obeisance of servants An illusion of magicians A trip of goats A flock of geese/lice/sheep
A troupe of artistes A squad of soldiers A band of men A pack of cards zeal of zebras
A herd of
A babble of barbers A prudence of vicars A faith of merchants A cache of jewels buffaloes/elephants/horse/kangaroo/
pigs/wrens
A feast of brewers An ambush of widows A bench of judges A rope of onions An annoyance of neighbours
A crowd of onlookers A worship of writers A bask of crocodiles A nest of rumours A clique of photographers
A slate of candidates A bevy of ladies A barren of mules A galaxy of stars A nucleus of physicists
A shrivel of critics A troupe od dancers A hide of tigers An agenda of tasks An impatience of wives
A caravan of desert
A melody of harpists A hive of bees A giggle of girls descent of woodpeckers
travelers
A conjunction of
An obstruction of dons A break of winds An audit of bookkeepers herd of zebras
grammarians
An army of
An audience of listeners A promise of tomorrows A troop of mushrooms mischief of mice
ants/caterpillars/frogs
A talent of gamblers A swarm of ants/bees/eels A jam of tarts A clutch of eggs An unease of compromises
A tribe of
An ambush of tigers A sleuth/sloth of bears A kennel of dogs An unease of compromises
goats/monkeys/dotterel
A team of
A barrel of monkeys A caravan of camels A kindle of kittens An intrigue of council members
horses/ducks/oxen
A colony of
A crowd of people ants/beavers/penguins/rab A paddling of ducks A host of angels An exaggeration of fishermen
bits
A culture of bacteria A dray of squirrels A pair of horses A kettle of hawks A yearning of yesterdays
A drift of swine A thunder of hippos A cast of falcons/hawks A belt of asteroids An anthology of stories
A dropping of pigeons A yoke of oxen An optimism of youths A library of books flight of swallows
A swarm of bees A drove of cattle A diffidence of introverts A chain of islands A bind of salmons
Collective Noun
A collective noun is a word used to describe a group of people, animal and specific items.
For example- a group of people is called crowd, a group of cows is called a herd; a group of lions is called a pride
etc.

A fleet of airplanes A hive of bees

A fleet of ships A flock of sheep

A colony of ants A swarm of bees

A swarm of ants A flock of birds

A quiver of arrows A library of books

A culture of bacteria An army of caterpillars

A class of students An army of frogs

A sloth of bears A deck of cards

A herd of cattle A pack of dogs

A school of fish A bouquet of flowers

A litter of kittens A litter of puppies

A mob of kangaroos A pride of lions

A troop of kangaroos A pride of peacocks

A troop of monkeys A range of mountains

A tribe of monkeys A parliament of owls

A herd of zebra A herd of deer

A herd of buffalo A herd of antelope

A galaxy of stars A den of thieves

A pack of wolves A den of snakes

A orchard of trees A host of sparrows

A forest of trees A division of soldiers

A nest of mice An army of soldiers

A nest of snakes A squad of soldiers

A team of horses A panel of experts

A team of players A squad of players

A team of oxen A leap of leopards

Abstract Nouns

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Have you realized that we all converse with abstraction at times. Though abstract nouns don’t express things we can
experience with our senses – we can’t hear, feel, see, touch, or taste them – they allow us to convey important meaning,
nonetheless. Nouns can be abstract or concrete. Concrete nouns are tangible and you can experience them with your
five senses. Abstract nouns refer to intangible things, like feelings, ideals, concepts and qualities.
Abstract nouns and concrete nouns are usually defined in terms of one another. Something that is abstract exists
only in the mind, while something that is concrete can be interacted with in a physical way. Qualities, relationships,
theories, conditions, and states of being are some examples of the types of things abstract nouns define.
In short, Abstract nouns are words that name things that are not concrete. Your five physical senses cannot detect
an abstract noun – you can’t see it, hear it, taste it, smell it, or touch it. In core, an abstract noun is a quality, an idea,
a concept, or maybe even an event.

Abstract Noun Definition

Abstraction is an important part of communication. An abstract noun is a type of noun that refers to something with
which a person cannot tangibly interact. A noun is a person, place or thing. However, in many cases, the 'thing' might
be an intangible concept – which means it is an abstract form of noun. Words like love, taste, beauty, freedom, and
justice, might mean different things to different people. In this case, abstract means to exist apart from concrete
existence. A noun that is abstract is a concept, idea, aspect, experience, quality, state of being, trait, feeling, or other
entity that cannot be experienced with the five senses.

If a noun is abstract, it describes something you cannot see, taste, hear, touch, or smell. Abstract nouns can be
countable or non-countable. They can also be in singular or possessive form. Abstract nouns follow the same grammar
rules as other nouns. Abstract nouns name things that can't be seen, smelt, heard, tasted, or touched, but allow us
to convey information by defining them on some level. To one person, good taste means eclectic and original; to
another good taste might mean clean and modern. Teachers and professors often mention using concrete nouns to
support any abstract mentions, thus revealing the message you are trying to convey. Even though these nouns give
expression to intangible entities, sentences with fewer abstract and more concrete nouns are stereotypically more
concise and clear.

Abstract Noun Concrete Noun

annoyance pothole
happiness ice cream
deceit plagiarist
intelligence diploma
dedication teacher
loyalty dog
destruction bomb
trust airplane
curiosity cat
relaxation bubble bath
Abstract Noun List
Showing Human Qualities or Characteristics

beauty bravery brilliance brutality calm charity coldness

compassion confidence contentment courage curiosity dedication deceit
determination ego elegance enthusiasm envy evil fear
generosity goodness graciousness hatred honesty honour hope
humility humour insanity integrity intelligence jealousy kindness
loyalty maturity misery patience pain perseverance sanity
self control sensitivity skill sophistication stupidity success sympathy
talent tolerance trust warmth weakness wisdom wit

Showing Emotions and Feelings

Adoration Anger Clarity Excitement Happiness Helpfulness Joy

Amazement Anxiety Delight Fascination Hate Helplessness Love
Misery Apprehension Despair Friendship Infatuation Power Sympathy
Pain Pleasure Disappointment Grief Strength Sadness Satisfaction
Relief Surprise Disbelief Romance Uncertainty Pride Weariness
Siliness Sorrow Peace Tiredness Worry Wariness Relaxation

More Examples of Abstract Nouns

Ability Communication Dictatorship Dreams Failure Slavery Idiosyncrasy

Defeat Adventure ConsiderationDisquiet Freedom Faith Improvement
Enhancement Democracy Artistry Crime Disturbance Impression Peace
Law Energy Dexterity Awe Culture Education Faithfulness
Customer
Redemption Motivation Information Belief Death Speculation
Service
Favouritism Hurt Reality Laughter Faithlessness Chaos Dedication
Need Inflation Forgiveness Liberty Skill Victory Comfort
Leisure Relaxation Peculiarity Opportunism Hospitality Progress Poverty
Luck Fragility Refreshment Homelessness Shock Sparkle Strictness
Idea Knowledge Justice Gossip Frailty Sleep Parenthood
Movement Imagination Hearsay Mercy Thought Wealth Unemployment
Principle Grace Riches Opportunity Unreality Patriotism Trust
Luxury Omen Memory Loss Speed Submission Truth
Life Opinion Rumor Service Refusal Success Brotherhood
 Abstract Noun Examples
Here are sentences having abstract noun which will help understand the use of abstract noun in the
sentence:
1. Hope of success helps us to persevere in this difficult task
2. The education of children should be our number one priority.
3. After discovering the great celebrity's secret help for those in need, my esteem for him has doubled.
4. He was willing to sacrifice his job in order to move to Hawaii.
5. Perhaps girlhood was the only happy phase of her life.
6. Childhood memories are sources of great joy.
7. I am not looking for any money from you; I want only your goodwill.
8. Music can change a mood or be a creative outlet.
9. Happiness comes from loving people and using things, and not from using people and loving things.
10. Restoration of electric service is important after a natural disaster.
11. Though surrounded by unscrupulous colleagues at her work place, she managed to keep her honesty intact.
12. I want to see justice served.
13. The day truth enters your life, sadness is definitely out of the inner rooms of your existence.
14. If we have the right attitude to troubles in life, we can remain happy.
15. I’d like the freedom to travel all over the world.
16. The chairmanship of a municipality is a position highly desired for its lucrativeness and power.
17. Joe felt a nagging sense of doom.
18. It is true that he is a man of integrity; but, he is hard-hearted.
19. Most of his boyhood was spent playing football and it is only later that he began to take interest in his
studies.
20. Love is a kind of irresistible desire; it’s hard to define.
21. There was unspeakable joy on her face as the award was announced.
22. Love does not make you remind the other that you have forgiven.
23. In childhood, I did not have the capacity to fully understand abstract nouns.
24. When Sarah jumped into the lake to rescue a drowning cat, her bravery astonished onlookers.
25. We struck water at the depth of twenty feet.
26. The night was shrouded in fear.
27. His long experience as a teacher has given him the ability to quickly understand a student's needs.
28. Grammar deals with the arrangement of words in sentences.
29. The President's acceptance of the Prime Minister's advice will be followed by the dissolution of Parliament.

Nouns with the following suffixes are often abstract:

o -tion
o -ism
 o -ity
o -ment
o -ness
o -age
o -ance
o -ence
o -ship
o -ability
o -acy

Abstract Noun Exercises

Select and underline the correct abstract nouns from following sentences:
 Adoration cheers up common people and helps to go ahead.
 There should be clarity to avoid any misunderstanding.
 My mom's weakness is the reason of anxiety for me.
 Irregular daily routine brings disappointment to me.
 Apprehension is not good for health.
 Power and money brings lots of responsibilities as well.
 Sleeping at right time gives us complete mind and body relaxation.
 I have much weakness which makes me tired and fatigue.
 Lots of pain makes us a real human being.
 It keeps my parents delight when I got first rank in the class test.
 I hate bad and lazy people as they never want to work.
 Excitement and interest are very necessary things to complete any work.
 Anger makes people stressed and fatigue.
 True friendship is an effective tool to go ahead in positive way.
 The condition of poor people makes me really sorrow.
 I love my parents and grandparents as they care me a lot.
 Helping others is the real joy of life.
 I will surprise my mom as today is her birthday.
 Today, I am feeling very helplessness as no one is there for me.
 Eating medicines gives me relief from infection.
 Do not worry, everything will be fine soon.
 I worship to God daily which gives me strength.
 We should give patients sympathy so that they can get well soon.
 Happiness comes to our heart and soul when we help someone needy.
 There is some uncertainty in the final exam date.
Common Nouns

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Nouns name places, people, animals, idea and things. All nouns can be further classified as proper or common.
Common nouns are words used to name all-purpose items rather than specific ones. People in general are named
using common nouns, though their official titles or given names are proper nouns. Common nouns are
everywhere, and you use them all the time, even if you don’t realize it. Common nouns are general names and
unless they are part of a title like Postmaster General or begin a sentence, they’re not usually capitalized.

Go into your living room. What do you see? Lamp, couch, window, chair, TV, painting, candle – all of these
items are named using common nouns. When we refer to people using common nouns, we use words like
teacher, police officer, girlfriend, delivery driver, clerk, preacher, boyfriend, grandma, cousin, Street, bathroom,
closet, mall, school, gas station; all of these places are named using common nouns.

 That boy wants to play with Simon.

(Simon is a proper noun. It's the name of a specific boy. The word boy is a common noun.)

 Aquafina Meadow Mineral Water is the best-tasting still water.

(Aquafina Mineral Water is a proper noun. It's the name of some specific water. The word water is a common
noun.)

All are common nouns because they name a thing, place, or person:
o People: mother, father, grandmother, child, toddler, teenager, teacher, student, minister, salesclerk,
businessperson, woman, man etc.
o Animals: lion, bear, tiger, dog, alligator, cat, cricket, wolf, bird, sparrow, elephant, cheetah
o Things: table, pencil, book, iPad, boots, computer, coat, truck
o Places: city, continent, state, country, restaurant, coffee shop, park, zoo
o Ideas: envy, hate, love, respect, pride, patriotism

Definition of Common Noun

A common noun is a name given in common to persons and things belonging to the same species. A common
noun is the word for something (e.g., boy, dog, lake, bridge). Unlike a proper noun, which is the name we give to
something (e.g., Thomas, Lucky, Lake Superior, The London Bridge). A common noun is used for a class of
person, place, or thing. (A proper noun is used for a specific person, place, or thing.) Unless it starts a sentence
or is part of a proper noun, a common noun is not written with a capital letter.

Common Nouns are words used to refer a specific class or type of person, place, or thing. They are broad,
general terms.
In other words, the word “girl” is a common noun, but the word “Joanna” is a proper noun because it’s the specific
name of the girl. A common noun is a noun which is not the name of any particular person, place, or thing. A
common noun denotes one or all of the members of a class, and it can be preceded by the definite article (the).
Common nouns can be further divided into count nouns and mass nouns. Further, common nouns can be
classified asabstract nouns and concrete nouns.

Mentioned below are common noun examples. Notice that the examples providing proper nouns name
specific versions of the same type of person, animal, place, thing, or idea.

Common Noun: You broke my favourite mug.

Proper Noun: I can’t believe you broke my Mickey mug.

Common Noun: I really want to live in a big city someday.

Proper Noun: Of all the places I’ve lived, Paris was best.

Common Noun: I wish I could remember the name of that painter.

Proper Noun: I really love art by Van Gogh.

Common Noun: Let’s go to watch a live game at the stadium.

Proper Noun: Let’s try to get good seats at Big Cinema Field.

Common Noun: I really want a new pair of jeans.

Proper Noun: I really want to buy a new pair of Levis.

Common Noun: They’re all waiting for us at the restaurant.

Proper Noun: Everyone else is at Dunkin Burgers.

Common Noun Proper Noun

coffee shop Satrbucks
chair Roll-O-Rocker
waiter James
country Australia
jeans Levi's
fire fighter Captain Richard Ashley
sandwich McDonalds
arena Eden Garden

Common Noun Examples

The following common noun examples will help recognize common nouns. In the sentences that follow,
common noun examples are italicized.
 The age of my daughter is three.
 He provided an excellent answer to my question.
 I'm not sure of the name of that animal over there in that cage.
 She put her baby into its crib.
 The band played until three in the morning.
 He works at the base on the otherside of town.
 The bear is a dangerous but playful animal.
 If you look up there you can see a bat flying between the trees.
 He rang the bell to signal the end of class.
 He picked up the block of wood and began to work on it.
 He received a great blow from his opponent in the boxing match.
 You will find the coin at the bottom of the lake.
 Could you get some bread when you go to the supermarket?
 The captain told his crew to raise the sail.
 You will find the bottle of wine in that case over there.
 If I had every rupee I have wasted I would be a very rich man indeed.
 Last century was at times horrific and at times marvelous.
 Her character can be very frustrating at times.
 He picked up the little chick that had just been born.
 Draw a circle on a piece of paper and write your ideas in it.
 I read his latest column in the New York Times.
 This corn is so sweet! Where did you get it?
 Her cry could be heard above the crowd.
 Would you like to go to the dance with me this Saturday?
 Her design won the best project of the year award.
 My daughter would love to have a dog.
 She wore that pretty blue dress to the party.
 We still don't know the long term effect his actions will have.
 The ease with which he plays tennis shows how often he plays.
 Would you like your egg boiled or fried?
 She has so much energy! Just think of all the different things she does.

Common Noun List

Notice and compare the difference between the common and proper nouns.

Common Noun Proper Noun

chocolate Snickers
Greek god Zeus
subject Chemistry
building Twin Towers
 lizard Komodo Dragon
island Maldives
restaurant KFC
toy Barbie doll
potato chips Lays
book Harry Potter
inventor Albert Einstein
soda Diet Coke
river Thames River
country United States
dog Chihuahua
continent Asia
mountain Mount Everest
king Solomon
ship Titanic
bird King Fisher
color Blue
friend Jack
car BMW
music Bob Marley
month July
game Clash of Clans
Company TCS
food Biryani
poet Shakespeare
holiday Paris
President Abdul Kalam
day Thursday
history Adolf Hitler
award Oscar
language Tamil
animal Wolf
king Akbar
fruit Apples
woman Julia
soldier Lieutenant Mark Davis
Proper Nouns

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Nouns name person, ideas, places, animals and things. Every noun can further be classified as
common or proper. Nouns, and proper nouns, have many different functions in a sentence. They can act as a
subject, an adverb, an adjective, an appositive, as a direct or indirect object, or a subject or object complement.

Proper noun gets more specific, it gives us the actual name of the person, place, thing, or idea. The actual
names of people are proper nouns. So are the names of states, rivers, streets, countries, oceans, companies,
churches, institutions and more.

The rules for capitalizing proper nouns are pretty simple. Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.

However there are times when a word can be used as either a common noun or proper noun and you might get
confused as to when you should use the capitalized form. For example, “father” can either be common or proper.
One rule for thumb is that if you are using the word as a title and name it should be capitalized.
“Would you like to have dinner with me, Father?”

See the difference? In the first example the word was used more generally as a common noun. In the second
example, the word was used like a name. In this instance the term “father” took the place of the actual name,
such as “Tom.”

A proper noun has two distinctive features:

o it will name a specific [usually a one-of-a-kind] item, and
o it will begin with a capital letter no matter where it occurs in a sentence.

Proper Noun Definition

A word or group of words that is the name of a particular person, place, or thing and that usually begins with a
capital letter. A noun belonging to the class of words used as names for unique individuals, events, or places also
called proper name. A proper noun is a noun that in its primary application refers to a unique entity, such as Paris,
Pluto, Sarah, or Microsoft, as distinguished from a common noun, which usually refers to a class of entities (city,
planet, person, corporation), or non-unique instances of a specific class (a city, another planet, these persons,
our corporation).

Some proper nouns are written without the use of 'THE', such as we never use 'the' with the names of people,
companies, years, languages. In some cases, the full name of companies are written with 'the'. In this case, 'the'
becomes the part of company's name and written with capital letter. In some cases, we use 'the' before the name
of a country if it's name includes "States", "Kingdom", or "Republic". Some proper nouns are written with the use
of 'THE', such as we use 'the' for names of canals, seas, rivers, oceans, countries that have plural names, famous
buildings, museums, or monuments, newspaper names, decades, clauses introduced by only, unique people or
objects, etc.

Proper nouns contrast with common nouns, which are the words for something (e.g., boy, dog, city, day).
Common nouns are written with a capital letter only when they start a sentence.Proper nouns include the days
of the week, the months of the year, towns, cities, streets, states, countries, and brands.

See below the differences between Common Noun and Proper Noun
o man/Jack
o woman/Jones
o state/California
o company/IBM, General Motors
o store/Nelman Marcus
o restaurant/Mcbee’s
o mountains/Everest
o countries/Ireland, France, Australia
o waitress/Letty
o chair/La-Ze-Boy
o soldier/Lieutenant Mark David
o river/the Mississippi River
o institution/University of England
To make things a little clearer for you, here is a list of proper nouns categories.
o Holidays: Christmas, Hanukkah, Thanksgiving, New Year’s Day,
o Places, buildings: Yellowstone National Park, Ritz-Carlton, Empire State Building
o Brand names: Coach, Pepsi, Coke, Lucky, Miranda
o Geographical areas: San Francisco, Spain, the Nile River, Europe,
o Books, Newspapers, Magazines: Atlanta Journal, Wuthering Heights, Southern Living
o People and pets: Mrs. Caroline Jones, Snoopy, Rip Van Winkle
o Companies and organizations: Google, General Electric, ChildFund International
o Religious terms: Christian, Hindu, Allah, Methodist, God,
o Titles: President Bush, Queen Elizabeth, King George, Judge Judy (titles are not capitalized when
they’re referred to in general terms. For example: The criminal appeared before the judge.
o Languages: English, Italian, French
Examples of Proper Noun
In the following sentences, proper noun examples are compared with common nouns. Notice that the proper
nouns are specific and unique, while the common nouns are much more general in nature.

Common noun: I want to be a author.

Proper noun: Agatha Christie wrote many books.

Common noun: Would you like a cookie?

Proper noun: I’m craving Oreos.

Common noun: I’d like to adopt a dog.

Proper noun: Cleopatra is the cutest kitten ever.

Common noun: Let’s go to the metropolitan.

Proper noun: Let’s go to San Francisco.

Common noun: My painter starts work before sunup.

Proper noun: Mr. Tumnus seems to understand what students need.

Common noun: I think that’s a planet, not a star.

Proper noun: I can see Mars tonight.

Common noun: She’s always hanging out with her boyfriend.

Proper noun: She never goes anywhere without Jack.

Common noun: There are a lot of important forms in the archives.

Proper noun: There are many important booklets at The Library of Senate.

For Example:
 I live in India from my birth.
 She failed to get job in Microsoft
 I saw Titanic movie first time in cinema hall.
 My final exams will start on Monday.
 We will go abroad in January.
 I have a son named Valter and a daughter named Vendy.
 I read in Chhabil Das Junior Public School.
 I got gold medal for Badminton.
 I like Doraemon cartoon very much.
 Narendra Modi is the prime minister of India.
 Rajani Tyagi is my class teacher.
  My Principal name is Ravi Singh.
 Albert Einstein was a physicist.
 I bought a sports car from Renault.
 I bought a camera of Sony
 I was born in 1982.
 I can easily talk in English.
 I was travelling in the Arctic with my friends.
 My ship crossed the Atlantic in 8 days.
 I went to the Vietnam Memorial last year.
 I saw the Eiffel Tower in scenery only.
 This is the only day I become happy.
 Today I saw the CEO of my company in a meeting.
 My mother is the only person I generally listen to.
 I like movies of the 70's.
 I read this news in the Times of India.
 My elder brother works for the New York Times.
 The sun sets daily at 7 pm in summer.
 The sky has been covered by clouds.
 It's very difficult to hike across the Rocky Mountains.
 I saw complete speech of the president on teacher's day.
 One of the cricketers belongs to the Philippines.
 The Statue of Liberty is located in New York.

Proper Noun Exercises

Underline the proper nouns in the following sentences.
1. She has two dogs: a Jack Russel terrier and a German Shepherd.
2. The Amazon is one of the world’s longest rivers.
3. Is Google one of the world’s richest companies?
4. I told him not to bring chips, but he brought a bag of Lays anyway.
5. Could you go to the grocery store? There’s a Safeway down the street.
6. I bought them a six pack of Blue Moon, but they said they don’t drink beer.
7. Video game consoles are so expensive, but I really want to buy a PlayStation 5.
8. I want to move to a new country, possibly Norway.
9. Was Professor Wongley your professor for Stats101?
10. Minecraft is the only game she ever plays nowadays.
11. The Pacific Ocean is the world’s biggest and oldest ocean.
12. To Kill a Mockingbird was my favorite book in high school.
13. I met Joe at a party, he’s not a very nice person.
14. The computer lab only has Macs.
15. The boy threw the ball to his dog, Wilson.
16. I’d like you to meet my friend Jeremy.
17. We’ll be vacationing in Aspen this year.
18. My second grade teacher was Mrs. Gilbert, an old battle-axe.
19. We went to Smith’s Furniture and bought a new couch to replace our old one.
20. Do you think the Dolphins will win the game?
21. I’m flying first-class on Emirate Airlines.
22. Thomas Jefferson was a president and philosopher.
23. My best friend moved to Israel to study.
24. When the Titanic sank, the captain went down with the ship.
25. I finally decided to buy a smartphone, but I’m torn between iPhone and Android.
26. I’ve always wanted to live in a big city like Chicago.
27. Iron Chef is the only show I watch anymore.
28. You really shouldn’t drink so much Mountain Dew. All that soda is bad for your health.
29. I drive an old Toyota. It’s not a luxurious car, but it works.

Countable Nouns

Top
The major dissection of English nouns is into "countable" and "uncountable". Nouns can be either countable or
uncountable. Countable nouns (or count nouns) are those that refer to something that can be counted.
Countable nouns have both singular and a plural form (e.g.cat/cats; man/men; country/countries). In the singular,
they can be preceded by ‘a’ or ‘an.’ Most nouns come into this category. In plural, these nouns can be used with
a number- they can be counted. Therefore they are called "countable nouns".
A smaller sum of nouns do not usually refer to things that can be counted and so they do not regularly have a
plural form: these are known as uncountable nouns (or mass nouns). Examples include: rain, flour, earth,
wine, or wood.

In English grammar, countable nouns are individual people, places, animals, things, or ideas which can be
counted. Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they cannot be counted. Although the idea may
seem challenging, you’ll soon discover that these two different noun types are very easy to use.

Countable nouns are the opposite of non-countable nouns. Countable nouns attract the question how many.

For example:
 How many cars?
 How many animals?
Non-countable nouns attract the question how much.

For example:
 How much time?
 How much wood?

What are Countable Nouns

Anything that can be counted, whether singular – a dog, a house, a friend, etc. or plural – a few books, lots of
oranges, etc. is a countable noun. Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted. Most nouns in English are
countable. They have a singular and a plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you
want to ask about the quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with the plural countable
noun.

Examples:
 There is a cat in the garden.
 There are some birds in the trees.
For positive sentences we can use a/an or some (with a plural verb form)
 There isn’t a dog in the garden.
 There aren’t any birds in the tree.
For negatives we can use a/an or any (with a plural verb form).
 Is there an orange on the tree?
 Are there any chairs in the garden?
 How many chairs are there?
In questions we use a/an, any or how many.

Singular Plural
one dog two dogs
one horse two horses
one shop two shops
one man two men
one idea two ideas

Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count
pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns: Notice that singular
verbs are used with singular countable nouns, while plural verbs are used with plural countable nouns.
 dog, cat, animal, man, person
 bottle, box, litre
 coin, note, dollar
 cup, plate, fork
 table, chair, suitcase, bag
Countable nouns can be singular or plural:
 My dog is playing.
 My dogs are hungry.

"People" is countable. "People" is the plural of "person". We can count people:

o There is one person here.
o There are three people here.

We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:

 A cat is an animal.
When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it:
 I want an orange. (not I want orange.)
 Where is my book? (not Where is book?)
When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:
 I like watermelons.
 Glass can break.
We can use some and any with countable nouns:
 I've got some dollars.
 Have you got any pens?
We can use a few and many with countable nouns:
 I've got a few dollars.
 I haven't got many pens.

Rules For Using Singular Countable Nouns
A determiner must be used before noun or adverb if
adjectives are used, such as a, the, this, one, ours, his etc.
The article "a" or :an" can be used.
Only the number one can be used to state the amount.
Possessive adjectives my be used such as my, his, our etc.
Quantifiers can't be used.
A demonstrative adjectives can be used such as this, those A demonstrative adjectives can be used such
etc.
Rules For Using Plural Countable Nouns
A determiner is optional before noun or
adverb if adjectives are used.
The articles "a" or "an" can't be used.
Any number bigger then two can be used to
state an amount.
Possessive adjectives my be used such as his,
our, etc.
Quantifiers can be used, such as some, any,
many, a lot etc.
as this, those etc.

Countable Nouns Examples

The following countable noun examples will help understand how countable nouns differ from each
other.
1. She has three dogs.
2. There’s a big brown dog running around the neighbourhood.
3. There are at least twenty Italian restaurants in Little Italy.
4. I own a house.
5. Megan took a lot of photographs when she went to the Grand Canyon.
6. Your book is on the kitchen table.
7. How many friends do you have?
8. Do you have any apples?
9. He had little food in the house.
10. How many candles are on that birthday cake?
11. I would like two books please.
12. We don't have much time to get this done.
13. You have several paintings to study in art appreciation class.
14. There is some water on the floor.
15. There are some students here.
16. Few students like exams.
17. The city was filled with bright lights and harsh sounds.
18. Many Americans travel to Europe.
19. You are welcome as a guest in our home.
20. A lot of (many) Americans travel to Europe.
21. The guests at your party yesterday made a lot of noise.
22. There are plenty of millionaires in Switzerland.
23. The doctor had little time to think in the emergency room.
24. There is enough money to buy a car.
25. They have lots of (much) money in the bank.
26. We got lots of (much) rain last summer.
27. There is a little bit of pepper in the soup.
28. There are no squirrels in the park.
29. I've had some difficulties finding a job.

Countable Nouns Exercise

Is the underlined noun countable or uncountable?
 There is a little bit of snow on the ground.
 I have enough books to read.
 They have plenty of money in the bank.
 The talks will take place in the Canon building.
 There is no time to finish now.
  The guest of honor arrived late.
 Guests are welcome here anytime.
 Many religions are practiced in the United States.
 I don't like black coffee. I usually have it with milk and sugar.
 Carla has so many friends.
 She has as many friends as Sue.
 Kevin has too much money.
 I need hardly any money.
 Not many friends visited me.
 To make a pancake, you need some eggs and flour
 Excuse me. I need some information about the trains to Andhra.
 Please, buy me a few apples for the cake.
 It's too much for me. I can't eat it all.
 I couldn't solve any of the Maths problems

Uncountable Nouns

Top
Uncountable nouns are things that cannot be counted with numbers. They may be the names for intellectual
ideas or qualities or for physical entities that are too small or too unstructured to be counted (liquids, gases, etc.).
Uncountable nouns are used with a singular verb. They generally do not have a plural form.

Uncountable nouns are not counted in English Language. Many of these words are countable in other
languages, but they ARE NOT countable in English. Some nouns are countable in other languages but
uncountable in English. They must follow the rules for uncountable nouns. The most common ones are:
accommodation, advice, baggage, behaviour, bread, furniture, information, luggage, news, progress, traffic,
travel, trouble, weather, work

Uncountable nouns (also called noncount nouns and mass nouns) are nouns that:
o cannot be counted
o cannot be made plural
o cannot be used alone with numbers
o are not usually used with the articles "a" or "an"

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say "an information" or "a
music". But we can say a "something" of:
 a piece of news
  a bottle of water
 a grain of rice

Definition of Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns aren't distinct objects, hence cannot be counted. Uncountable nouns can be paired with
words stating plural concept. Using these words one can make writing more specific. Uncountable nouns are
substances, concepts etc. that cannot divide into separate elements. Thus we cannot "count" them.

Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Notice that singular verbs are always used with
uncountable nouns.Even though uncountable nouns are not individual objects, they are always singular and one
must always use singular verbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns.

For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk"
itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:
 rice, sugar, butter, water
 music, art, love, happiness
 furniture, luggage
 money, currency
 advice, information, news
 electricity, gas, power
We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use a word or expression
like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of , or else use an exact capacity like a cup of, 1L of, 1kg of, a bag
of, an hour of, a pinch of, a handful of, a day of. If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun,
you ask "How much?"

Uncountable Nouns Examples

Uncountable noun refers to substances which cannot be counted. We can change uncountable noun into
countable noun if we specify a unit or measuring standard for it. For example, water is an uncountable noun
because we cannot count it. We cannot say, one water or two water. Such substances which cannot be counted
in terms of numbers are called uncountable noun.

The following uncountable noun examples will help understand how uncountable nouns differ from each other.
1. There has been a lot of research into the causes of this disease.
2. He gave me a great deal of advice before my interview.
3. Can you give me some information about uncountable nouns?
4. Measure 1 cup of water, 300g of flour, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
5. There is no more water in the pond.
6. You say I drink a lot of milk.
7. How much rice do you want?
8. Do you want some cake?
9. I've got some garlic and some butter.
10. Students don’t seem to have much homework these days.
11. I haven't got enough paper.
12. He did not have much sugar left.
13. I'm looking for information about early rock and roll.
14. You have to get permission from the head teacher.
15. Please help yourself to some cheese.
16. People believed that ships made of iron would sink.
17. Step outside for some fresh air.
18. Did you bring any luggage to the hotel?
19. I need to find information about Pulitzer Prize winners.
20. I need a lot of money for my trip.
21. I don't hear much noise when the windows are shut.
22. Please take good care of your equipment.
23. We'll have two coffees.
24. I have no coffee for my guests.
25. I bought three waters.
26. Add a little flour to the dough.
27. Teachers need plenty of patience to work with children.
28. The company produces two leathers.
29. A little bit of kindness goes a long way.
30. Jim heard lots of thunder last night.
31. The office does not have enough work for another employee.
32. You seem to have a high level of intelligence.
33. Let’s get rid of the garbage.

Uncountable Nouns List

Rules for using uncountable nouns
o Uncountable nouns have only one form, they act like a singular noun.
o Uncountable nouns do not immediately follow A or AN
o Uncountable nouns can be modified with quantity words and phrases
o Uncountable nouns can be modified by using a word that specifies a container or a form
o Some nouns can be countable or uncountable depending on their meaning and how they are used in a
sentence
The most common List of Uncountable Nouns

General Food Subjects/ Fields Abstract Weather Sports Languages Activities Others

homework food economics advice lightning golf English swimming air

equipment spaghetti mathematics help ice football Spanish speaking oxygen
luggage flour physics news thunder tennis Portuguese walking anger
clothing butter ethics fun heat cricket French listening happiness
furniture meat commerce patience snow baseball Hindi driving stress
machinery oil civics recreation humidity hockey Russian cooking courage
gold rice engineering happiness rain basketball Arabic jogging childhood
silver honey art enjoyment hail rugby Italian sleeping hair
cotton cake politics progress sleet soccer Japanese reading sand
glass soup architecture information wind chess Chinese working chaos
jewellery bread sociology confidence light bridge Korean writing advice
perfume fish music knowledge darkness poker Hebrew studying motivation
soap icecream psychology courage sunshine archery Bosnian running advertising
paper fruit photography space fog boxing Czech currency
wood cheese vocabulary education fall diving Danish energy
petrol salt grammar energy cloudy shooting Filipino entertainment
gasoline toast archaeology intelligence moisture wrestling Greek evidence
baggage tea chemistry peace monsoon rowing Sinhala labour
hair pasta poetry laughter hurricane athletics Tamil music
traffic coffee history pride sunset judo Latin luck
Uncountable Noun Exercises
Is the underlined noun countable or uncountable?
 The children fell asleep quickly after a busy day of fun.
 Be careful! The water is deep.
 The parade included fire trucks and police cars.
 We like the large bottles of mineral water.
 The children are playing in the garden.
 Michael can play several different musical instruments.
 Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution.
 My mother uses butter to prepare cakes.
 There are a lot of windows in our classroom.
 We need some glue to fix this vase.
 Most pottery is made of clay.
 The waiters in this restaurant are very professional.
 My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning.
 The bread my mother prepares is delicious.
 Drivers must be careful; the road is slippery.
 Some policemen are organizing road traffic to avoid any accidents.
 I bought three bottles of mineral water for our picnic.
 I'd like some juice please!
 Successful candidates will join the camp later this year.
 A rise in oil prices is inevitable since there is more and more world demand for
energy.
 The exercises on this website are interesting.
 Dehydrated babies must drink a lot of water.
 Adult illiterates learn through a special government program.
 I met some nice people when I was walking along the beach.
 My mother uses real butter in the cakes she bakes.
 How many politicians does it take to pass a simple law?
 Most kids like milk, but Joey hates it.
 I was feeling so stressed that I ate an entire box of cookies.

Gender
Masculine gender is used to refer male member of any species.

For example: boy, man, brother, son, horse, lion etc.

Feminine gender is used to refer female member of any species.

For example: mistress, queen, tigress, mare, cow etc.

Here are list of Masculine and Feminine.

Masculine Feminine
lion lioness
actor actress
shepherd shepherdess
author authoress
prince princess
bachelor spinster
boy girl
bridegroom bride
master mistress
brother sister
bull cow
emperor empress
monk nun
father mother
god goddess
father-in-law mother-in-law
gentleman lady
duke duchess
lord lady
grandfather grandmother
grandson granddaughter
milk-man Milk-maid
headmaster headmistress
gander goose
tiger tigress
hero heroine
host hostess
waiter waitress
nephew niece
husband wife
king queen
landlord landlady
male female
man woman
Mr. Mrs.
son daughter
uncle aunt
horse mare
 stag doe
poet poetess
policeman policewoman
postman postwoman
prince princess
sir madam
wizard witch
cock hen
dog bitch
peacock peahen

Masculine and Feminine Words List in English

Some rules that govern the formation of genders from Masculine to Feminine:-

By Adding - 'ess' to Masculine:-

Masculine Feminine
Abbit Abbess
Author Authoress
Conductor Conductress
Duke Duchess
Director Directress
Editor Editress
Emperor Empress
God Goddess
Governer Governess
Giant Giantess
Heir Heiress
Host Hostess
Hunter Huntress
Inspector inspectress
Jew Jewess
Lion Lioness
Master Mistress
Mayor Mayoress
Negro Negress
Poet Poetess
Prince Princess
Porter Portess
Priest Priestess
Prophet Prophetess
Shephered Shephedess
Songster Songstress
Tailor Tailoress
Tiger Tigress
Tutor Tutoress
Waiter Waitress

Feminine formation by change

of words, such as:-

Bachelor Maid
Boy Girl
Boar Sow
Bridegroom Bride
Brother Sister
Buck Doe
Colt Filly
Drake Duck
Drone Bee
Earl Countess
Fox Vixen
Gander Goose
Hart Roe
Horse Mare
Lad Lass
Monk Nun
Papa Mammu
Ram Eve
Swain Nymph
Stag Hind
Wizard Witch

By adding a word before and

after

Bullcalf Cowcalf
Doctor Lady-Doctor
Land Lord Land Lady
Man Servant Maid Servant

Female forms of some

borrowed nouns

Beau Belle
Czar Czarina
Don Donna
Fiance Finance
Monsieur Madame
Prosecutor Prosecutrix
Signor Signor
Sultan Sultana

Masculine Feminine
actor actress
administrator administratrix
author authoress
bachelor spinster
boy girl
Boy Scout Girl Guide
brave squaw
bridegroom bride
brother sister
conductor conductress
count countess
czar czarina
dad mum
daddy mummy
duke duchess
emperor empress
father mother
father-in-law mother-in-law
fiance fiancee
gentleman lady
giant giantess
god goddess
governor matron
grandfather grandmother
grandson granddaughter
headmaster headmistress
heir heiress
hero heroine
host hostess
hunter huntress
husband wife
king queen
lad lass
landlord landlady
lord lady
male female
man woman
manager manageress
manservant maidservant
masseur masseuse
master mistress
mayor mayoress
milkman milkmaid
millionaire millionairess
monitor monitress
monk nun
Mr. Mrs.
murderer murderess
Negro Negress
nephew niece
papa mama
poet poetess
policeman policewoman
postman postwoman
postmaster postmistress
priest prietess
prince princess
prophet prophetess
proprietor proprietress
prosecutor prosecutrix
protector protectress
shepherd shepherdess
sir madam
son daughter
son-in-law daughter-in-law
step-father step-mother
step-son step-daughter
steward stewardess
sultan sultana
tailor tailoress
testator testatrix
uncle aunt
usher usherette
waiter waitress
washerman washerwoman
widower widow
wizard witch
Masculine Feminine
antelope: buck doe
ass jenny
badger: boar sow
bear: boar sow
boar (pig) sow
bull cow
bullock heifer/cow
cat: tom-cat tabby-cat
cob (swan) pen
cock (rooster) hen
cockerel pullet
colt (young horse) filly
deer: buck doe
dog bitch
donkey jenny
drake duck
drone bee
eagle eagle
elephant: bull-elephant cow-elephant
ferret: buck doe
fox vixen
gander goose
guinea pig: boar sow
goat: billy-goat/he-goat nanny-goat/she-goat
hare: buck doe
hedgehog: boar sow
kangaroo: buck doe
leopard leopardess
lion lioness
peacock peahen
pig sow
pigeon: cock-pigeon hen-pigeon
rabbit: buck doe
ram ewe
rat: buck doe
reindeer: buck doe
rhinoceros: bull cow
seal: bull-seal cow-seal
sheep ewe
sparrow: cock-sparrow hen-sparrow
stag hind
stallion mare
tiger tigress
turkey-cock turkey-hen
whale: bull-whale cow-whale
wolf: he-wolf she-wolf

animal masculine feminine

rabbit buck doe
horse stallion mare
sheep ram ewe
pig boar sow
chicken rooster hen
duck drake duck
cattle bull cow
goose gander goose
fox fox vixen
tiger tiger tigress
lion lion lioness

Common gender nouns

Some nouns are used for both males and females. These nouns are referred to as common gender nouns.

Examples

 baby,
 bird,
 cat,
 cattle,
 child,
 companion,
 comrade,
 cousin,
 dancer,
 deer,
 friend,
 guardian,
 guest,
 infant,
 owner,
 parent,
 passenger,
 pig,
 president,
 pupil,
 relative,
 sheep,
  singer,
 student,
 swan,
 teacher,

Masculine and feminine nouns

Masculine Feminine

actor actress

author authoress

bachelor spinster

boy girl

bridegroom bride

brother sister

conductor conductress

count countess

czar czarina

dad mum

daddy mummy

duke duchess

man woman

emperor empress

father mother

god goddess

grandfather grandmother

heir heiress

hero heroine

host hostess

husband wife

king queen

man woman

master mistress

murderer murderess

nephew niece

poet poetess

policeman policewoman

prince princess

sir madam

son daughter

uncle aunt
 wizard witch

waiter waitress

Singular and Plural Nouns

Top
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. The difference between singular and plural nouns is easy to spot.
When a noun specifies one only, it is a singular noun. When a noun specifies more than one, it is plural. Plural
nouns are words used to indicate that there is more than one person, animal, place, thing, or idea. The
difference between singular and plural nouns is simple once you know what to look for.

When you talk about more than one of anything, you’re using plural nouns. When you write about more than one
of anything, you usually use the same word, simply adding an s, es, or ‘ies’ to the end of the word. There are a
few exceptions to this rule, but not many – one of the best is that a single moose is a moose, and a group of
moose are still moose.

The plural form of most nouns is simply created by adding the letter s.

more than one snake = snakes

more than one ski = skis
more than one Barrymore = Barrymores

Definition of Singular and Plural Nouns

Singular means only one. Plural means more than one.

The basic rule is to add s to make a noun plural. There are many irregular nouns that add es
The rules are based on the letters at the end of the word. They are easiest to remember in categories.

Usually, the first page of a grammar book tells you about nouns. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things
in our lives. As babies learn "mom," "dad," or "milk" as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you
study a foreign language.

Only count-nouns actually have plural forms. Count-nouns signify items that exist in separated units you can
count, such as apples, songs, or children. Non-count nouns represent items existing as a mass, such as powders
and liquids (sand, water) or concepts (honesty, economics). In addition, unlike a singular count-noun that must
have at least a/an as a determiner (This is an apple), plural count nouns can appear without a determiner (I like
apples).
Some nouns have a fixed plural form and take a plural verb. They are not used in the singular, or they have a
different meaning in the singular. Nouns like this include: trousers, goods, congratulations, glasses, stairs,
wits, jeans, thanks, savings, steps, customs, tropics, wages, spectacles, outskirts

 Most of the nouns are made plural by adding an 's':

o bottle – bottles
o cup – cups
o pen – pens
o desk – desks
o sticker – stickers
o window – windows
 Nouns ending with s, ss, z, zz, x, ch, sh, and tch are made plural by adding "es" to the singular form:
o box – boxes
o watch – watches
o moss – mosses
o bus – buses
o wish - wishes
o fox – foxes
Attention: Proper nouns are exceptions to the rule.

 the Wendys (not Wendies)

 the Kennedys (not Kennedies)

 If a noun's singular form ends with a consonant plus y, you must change the y to I and then add "es":
o baby – babies
o candy – candies
o sky – skies
o spy – spies
o toy – toys
o kidney – kidneys
o memo – memos
o stereo – stereos
 Some Irregular Plural Forms:
o man – men
o woman – women
o foot – feet
o tooth – teeth
o child – children
o medium – media
o mouse – mice
o goose – geese
Note: A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

Therefore:

 The media are presenting the story inaccurately.

 Women are usually more sensitive than men

For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es.
o wolf – wolves
o wife – wives
o leaf – leaves
o life – lives
o potato – potatoes

A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

o sheep – sheep
o deer – deer
o series – series
o species – species
o moose – moose
o series – series
o fish – fish
o aircraft – aircraft
o sheep – sheep

Singular and Plural Nouns Examples

Mentioned below are the examples of singular and plural nouns:

 My horse prefers to wear an English saddle.

 Physics is our first lesson on Monday morning.
 That cat never seems to tire of jumping in and out of the box.
 The United States is a country with 50 federal states.
 You stole my idea and didn’t give me any credit.
 Your mom is going to be upset about that broken lamp.
 She bought new furniture last week.
 Would you like some fruit?
 It’s not difficult to grow a tree as long as you give it plenty of water.
 I can’t believe you let your dog stick his head out the window while you drive.
 The girl went on a a shopping spree
  The boys want to play football.
 I have three children.
 There are few buses on the road today.
 I put two big potatoes in the lunch box.
 Babies play with bottles as toys.
 I saw a mouse running by.
 The boy had a baseball in his hand.
 The men in the car are wearing glasses.
 The children always plays in the park.
 The sheep are eating some grass.
 My maths homework was not easy.
 For further information on the hotel, phone us at .... 1800200...
 His knowledge of English is excellent.
 The boy went to the supermarket.
 The children ate the cookies.
 All presidents who were inaugurated in years ending in an ‘0’ were assassinated.

Singular and Plural Possessive Nouns

Many people have trouble differentiating between possessive nouns and plural nouns. Possessive nouns and
pronouns determine ownership or some similar relationship over something else. Plural nouns specify more than
one person, place or thing. Some possessive nouns are actually personal pronouns. A pronoun is a word that can
stand in for the noun in a sentence. In short, Possessive nouns are nouns that show ownership or
possession. Normally these words would be a singular or plural noun, but in the possessive form they are used
as adjectives to modify another noun or pronoun.

Example: The cat’s fur is a matted mess.

Here the word “cat’s” is a possessive noun. It is telling us that the noun “fur” belongs to the cat. The cat owns the
fur.

Examples of Possessive Nouns

1. Recognizing possessive nouns is easy because they always show an apostrophe. Here are a few examples
2. Jenn’s new handbag matches her shoes perfectly.
3. The girls’ toys were lined up neatly on the shelf.
4. The dogs’ bowls are filled with cheeseburgers.
5. The bird’s cage needed cleaning.
6. The cars’ bumpers were locked in the traffic jam.
7. The cat’s bowl is filled with hotdogs.
8. However, depending on if the noun is singular or possessive; you may need to add an apostrophe and the letter
“s” or just an apostrophe.

Singular Possessive Nouns

Examples of singular nouns that take the possessive form:

 It is Kate’s kitten.
 Michele Obama is the President’s wife.
 The party is at Charles’s house.
 James’ wedding is next week.
 This is Thomas’s coat.
 Let’s go to Kentucky’s for lunch.
 Is St. John’s a Catholic church?
 Harvard’s attendance was down last year.
 The doctor’s white coat was hanging in his office.
 The salesman’s pitch was very persuasive.
 My father-in-law’s hamburger recipe is the best.
 Mary’s and Michael’s coats are red and black. (Each owns his or her own coat and they are different coats.)
 Carol and John’s new car is the latest model.
Plural Possessive Nouns

Examples of plural nouns that take the possessive form:

 Women = women’s
 Mice = mice’s
 Cars = cars’
 Rivers = rivers’