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propulsion
MEC-E2001 - Ship Hydrodynamics
Additional reading
• Matusiak J (2010) Laivan propulsio. M-176. Chapters 1-2
• Matusiak J (2008) Short introduction to Ship Resistance and Propulsion.
Sections 3.1-3.3
• Lewis E.V., editor (1988) Principles of Naval Architecture, Second revision.
Volume II, parts of Chapter 6. SNAME. Available in Knovel.
• Summary
• Summary
Rowing
• Fastest and most reliable
propulsion used from ancient times
till 14th century
• Ancient Rome rowing galley could
reach speed of 6 knots
Sail propulsion
• Introduction of artillery and guns
meant giving up rowing propulsion
and substituting it with sails in the
14th century.
1807-1860s
• Paddle wheel period of ship propulsion
• 1807: Cleremont vessel with a steam engine (L = 40 m, Vmax = 5 kn)
1840s
• Introduction to merchant
and naval vessels
• The projected area of those
propellers resembles
present-day propellers
• Hydrofoil section (profile)
was far from optimum
1897
• Sir Charles Parsonin’s
Turbinia (L = 30 m)
• Achieved the speed of 34 kn
• 3 bladed tandem propellers rotated by 3 shafts
• Total power of the steam engines: 2000 hp
Q0
T0
• Summary
• Planar velocity
• Axial velocity
• Measurement
• Particle Image Velocimetry
• Universal theory
• The propulsor does not need to be a screw propeller.
1 2 ′
1 2
𝑝0 + 𝜌𝑉𝐴 = 𝑝 + 𝜌 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑈𝐴
2 2
1 2 1 2 1
𝑝0 + 𝜌 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑈𝐴0 = 𝑝′′ + 𝜌 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑈𝐴 ∆𝑝 =𝑝′′ 𝑝′
− = 𝜌𝑈𝐴0 𝑈𝐴0 + 2𝑉𝐴
2 2 2
1
𝑇 = ∆𝑝𝐴0 = 𝜌𝑈𝐴0 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑈𝐴0 𝐴0
2
Aalto University 10/11/2016 Ship Hydrodynamics 25
Momentum theory of propeller action
On the thrust T
Mass flow of water through the
disk Downstream Upstream
𝑚 = 𝜌𝐴0 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑈𝐴
𝑇 = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑈𝐴0 − 𝑉𝐴
= 𝑚 ∙ 𝑈𝐴0
• Two definitions of T
1
𝑇 = ∆𝑝𝐴0 = 𝜌𝑈𝐴0 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑈𝐴0 𝐴0
2
UA = 1 UA0
2
𝑃𝑇
• η𝐼 =
𝑃𝐷
𝑃𝑇 𝑉𝐴 1
𝜂𝐼 = = =
𝑃𝐷 𝑉 + 1 𝑈 1 𝑈𝐴0
𝐴 2 𝐴0 1 + 2 𝑉 𝐴
1
𝜌𝑈𝐴0 𝑉𝐴 +2𝑈𝐴0 𝐴0 1 𝑈𝐴0 𝑈𝐴0 𝑈𝐴0
𝐶𝑇 = 1 =2 1 + 2 = −1 + 1 + 𝐶𝑇
𝜌𝐴0 𝑉𝐴2 𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴
𝑉𝐴
2
0.8
2 0.6
𝜂𝐼 = hI
1 + 1 + 𝐶𝑇 0.4
0.2
0
0. 01 0.1 1 10 100
CT
• Summary
• Summary
Aalto University 10/11/2016 Ship Hydrodynamics 33
Geometry of a screw propeller
jättöreuna
trailing edge kärki tip johtoreuna
leading edge
lapa (siipi) x
blade
pyörimissuunta
direction of rotation
akseli
shaft
painepuoli
pressure imupuoli
side (face) suction side
napa
hub (boss)
• discloses hydrofoil
section
• helps to understand
the definition of the
pitch
• changes as a function of
radius r, usually.
• can be expressed as an
angular measure:
𝑃/𝐷 𝑃
tan 𝜙 = =
𝜋𝑟/𝑅 2𝜋𝑟
• discloses hydrofoil
section.
• Other names:
• Foil
• profile
𝑃/𝐷 𝑃
tan 𝜙 = =
𝜋𝑟/𝑅 2𝜋𝑟
referenssiviiva
reference line
generointiviiva
generator line
R juuri
root
a) b)
B
B
Developed area 𝐴𝐷
• is obtained by developing blade
pressure side screw surface into the
plane. (Fig. a)
NO RAKE NO SKEW
ONLY RAKE
ONLY SKEW
RAKE & SKEW
• Summary