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Practice problems in ABSORPTION and HUMIDIFICATION

(See last page for additional equilibrium data.)

1. (Tutorial – February 8th) A gas mixture at 1.0 atm pressure abs containing air and CO2 is
contacted in a single-stage mixer continuously with pure water at 293 K. The two exit gas
and liquid streams reach equilibrium. The inlet gas flow rate is 100 kmol/h, with a mole
fraction of CO2 of yA2 = 0.20. The liquid flow rate entering is 300 kmol water/h.

Calculate the amounts and compositions of the two outlet phases. Assume that water does not
vaporize to the gas phase.

2. (Tutorial – February 15th) Solute A is being absorbed from a gas mixture of A and B in a

m
wetted-wall tower with liquid flowing as a film downward along the wall. At a certain point

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in this tower the bulk gas concentration yAG = 0.20 mole fraction, the bulk liquid

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concentration xAL = 0.25, and the gas interface concentration yAi = 0.15.

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x A2

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The equilibrium between liquid
yA 
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and gas phase is given by: 1  xA
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Determine the percentages of the resistance to mass transfer in the gas and liquid phases
based on the overall mass transfer coefficient for the gas phase.
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vi y re

3. Countercurrent stage stripping is used to remove a contaminant from cream using steam. The
contaminant is present at 20 ppm in the original cream, and the concentration must be
reduced to 1 ppm in the product. For every 100 kg of cream entering per unit time, 50 kg of
steam is used. The equilibrium relationship between the contaminant in the steam vapour and
ed d

the liquid cream is (in ppm) yA = 10xA. Assume that no steam condenses in the stripping
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operation.

Determine the number of theoretical equilibrium stages needed.


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4. A tray tower is absorbing ethanol from an inert gas stream using pure water at 303 K and
101.3 kPa. The inlet gas stream flow rate is 100.0 kmol/h and it contains 2.2 mol % ethanol.
It is desired to recover 90 % of the alcohol. The equilibrium relationship is y = mx = 0.68x for
this dilute stream.

Calculate the number of theoretical stages graphically and analytically using 1.3L′min.

CHG 3111 – Winter 2017


https://www.coursehero.com/file/22176625/Practice-problems-in-ABSORPTION-and-HUMIDIFICATION/
5. The gas stream from a chemical reactor contains 25 mol % ammonia and the rest inert gases.
The total flow is 181.4 kmol/h to an absorption tower at 303 K and 1.013×105 Pa pressure,
where water containing 0.005 mol frac ammonia is the scrubbing liquid. The outlet gas
concentration is to be 2.0 mol % ammonia.

What is the minimum flow L′min? Using 1.5 times the minimum, plot the equilibrium and
operating lines.

6. A relatively nonvolatile hydrocarbon oil contains 4.0 mol % propane and is being stripped by
direct superheated steam in a stripping tray tower to reduce the propane content to 0.2 %. The
temperature is held constant at 422 K by internal heating in the tower at 2.026×105 Pa
pressure. A total of 11.42 kmol of direct steam is used for 300 kmol of total entering liquid.
The vapour-liquid equilibria can be represented by y = 25x, where y is the mole fraction

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propane in the steam and x is mole fraction propane in the oil. Steam can be considered as an

er as
inert gas and will not condense.

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Plot the operating and equilibrium lines and determine graphically the number of theoretical

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stages needed.
rs e
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7. A packed tower is used to absorb acetone from air using pure water. The tower is 0.254 m in
diameter and packed with 4.88 m of Raschig rings. At 293 K and 101.32 kPa, the following
o

data were obtained:


- V′ = 3.30 kmol air / h; y1 = 0.01053 mol frac acetone; y2 = 0.00072
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- L′ = 9.03 kmol water / h; x1 = 0.00363 mol frac acetone


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a. Calculate the experimental value of Kya


b. Calculate the number of transfer units, NOG, and the experimental value of HOG
ed d

c. Use the analytical equation to calculate the number of equilibrium stages, N, and
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the HETP
d. Why are the answers to (b) and (c) different?
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8. Experimental data were obtained for absorption of dilute acetone in air by water at 80°F and
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1 atm abs pressure in a packed tower with 25.4 mm Raschig rings. The inert gas flow was
95 lbm air/h·ft2 and the pure water flow was 987 lbm/h·ft2. The experimental coefficients are
kya = 4.03 lbmol/h·ft3·mol frac and kxa = 57.0 lbmol/h·ft3·mol frac. The equilibrium data can
be expressed by cA = 1.37pA, where cA = lbmol/ft3 and pA = atm partial pressure of acetone.
(MWwater = 18 lbm/lbmol; MWair = 29 lbm/lbmol; ρwater = 61.8 lbm/ft3)

a) Calculate the height of the film transfer units, HG and HL.


b) Calculate HOG.

CHG 3111 – Winter 2017


https://www.coursehero.com/file/22176625/Practice-problems-in-ABSORPTION-and-HUMIDIFICATION/
9. It is planned to cool water from 45°C to 30°C in a packed countercurrent water-cooling tower
using entering air at 30°C with a wet bulb temperature of 24°C.

The water flow is 10000 kg/h·m2 and the air flow is 7000 kg air/h·m2. The overall mass-
transfer coefficient is KGa = 3.03×10-7 kmol / s·m3·Pa, the film mass-transfer coefficient is
kGa = 1.21×10-7 kmol / s·m3·Pa, and hLa/kGa·MAir·P = 4.2×104 J / kg·K

a) Calculate the minimum air flow rate.


b) Calculate the driving force in the gas film at each end of the tower.
c) Calculate the overall driving force in the gas phase at each end of the tower.

m
er as
co
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o.
rs e
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aC s
vi y re
ed d
ar stu
sh is
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CHG 3111 – Winter 2017


https://www.coursehero.com/file/22176625/Practice-problems-in-ABSORPTION-and-HUMIDIFICATION/
Equilibrium data:

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er as
co
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o.
rs e
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aC s
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ed d
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sh is
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Equilibrium data, acetone-water (293 K)


xA (mol frac) pA (mm Hg)
0 0
0.0333 30.0
0.0720 62.8
0.117 85.4
0.171 103

CHG 3111 – Winter 2017


https://www.coursehero.com/file/22176625/Practice-problems-in-ABSORPTION-and-HUMIDIFICATION/

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