Chordate Characteristics and Classification

Animal Kingdom (Contd...
)
(Chordate)
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. One of the primary characters of chordates is

(1) Ganglionated nerve cord (2) Paired nerve cord
(3) Solid ventral nerve cord (4) Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Sol. Answer (4)
Primary characteristic of chordates is presence of dorsal hollow nerve cord. Nerve cord is a part of nervous
system and is found in both chordates and non-chordates. Nerve cord is ventral in position in non-chordates
and dorsal in chordates.
2. Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of all the chordates?
(1) Presence of coelom
(2) A diaphragm separating thorax from abdomen
(3) Dorsal nerve cord
(4) Pharyngeal gill slits in the early embryonic stages
Sol. Answer (2)
Diaphragm is not a characteristic feature of all chordates. Body of mammals is internally divided into two portion
thorax and abdomen by transverse circular partition called diaphragm. Incomplete diaphragm between thorax
and abdomen is present in crocodiles. However diaphragm is not observed in other members of phylum
chordate.
3. Vertebral column is derived from

(1) Notochord (2) Dorsal nerve cord
(3) Ventral nerve cord (4) Outgrowth of cranium
Sol. Answer (1)
Notochord is replaced by cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in adults of sub-phylum vertebrates. Vertebral
column encloses spinal cord.
4. Which one of the following structure is present in all adult vertebrates?

(1) Notochord (2) Dorsal tubular nerve cord
(3) Pharyngeal gill slits (4) Renal portal system
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36 Animal Kingdom (Chordates) Solution of Assignment
Sol. Answer (2)

In adult vertebrate, notochord is replaced by bony or cartilaginous vertebral column.
In adult vertebrate, nerve cord is represented by central nervous system.
Pharyngeal gill slits occur during embryo stage in all vertebrates, but disappear in adults. However in some
fishes and amphibians, gill slits occur in adults also.
Renal portal system is well developed in fishes and amphibians, reduced in reptiles and birds and is absent
in mammals.
5. Which of the following is a chordate feature, not shared by the non-chordates?

(1) Triploblastic body (2) True coelom
(3) Bilateral symmetry (4) Notochord
Sol. Answer (4)
Notochord is found only in chordates, and absent in non-chordates all chordates possess mesodermally derived
notochord during their embryonic life as main axial support of body. In some chordates, notochord is replaced
by vertebral column and these chordates are called vertebrates.
6. Which among them is a characteristic of chordata?

(1) Dorsal heart (2) Gut is dorsal to nerve cord
(3) Central nervous system is solid (4) Post anal part (tail) is present
Sol. Answer (4)
Characteristic of chordates are:-
Ventral Heart
Gut is ventral to nerve cord
Part of central nervous system (nerve cord) is dorsal, hollow and single
Presence of post anal tail for balancing
7. The correct classification of Ascidia

(1) Chordata  Protochordata  Vertebrata
(2) Chordata  Protochordata  Cephalochordata
(3) Chordata  Cephalochordata  Vertebrata
(4) Chordata  Protochordata  Urochordata
Sol. Answer (4)
Phylum : Chordata
2 sub-groups
Acraniata or Protochordata Craniata or Euchordata

No brain box or cranium Cranium is present
2. sub-phylum sub-phylum
Vertebrata
Urochordata/Tunicata Cephalochordata
Notochord is present only in Notochord extends from head

larval tail to tail region
e.g. Ascidia, Salpa, Herdmania e.g. Branchiostoma
Solution of Assignment Animal Kingdom (Chordates) 37
8. Body of the urochordate is enclosed in a
(1) Mantle (2) Test or tunic (3) Shell (4) Shield
Sol. Answer (2)
In urochordates adult body is enclosed with in a leathery test or tunic formed of cellulose like organic
substances termed tunicin, therefore urochordata is called tunicata.
9. All of them are characteristics of urochordates, except

(1) Neural gland as excretory organ
(2) Open type of circulatory system
(3) Cranium is absent
(4) Development is direct
Sol. Answer (4)
In urochordata, development is indirect. Larva of urochordata is free swimming which shows retrogressive
metamorphosis.
10. Respiration in cephalochordates occurs through

(1) General body surface (2) Gills (3) Tracheole (4) Lungs
Sol. Answer (1)
Special respiratory organs are absent, in cephalochordates. There is no respiratory pigment in blood, nerve
gaseous exchange occurs through general surface.
11. Excretion by protonephridia with solenocyte is a characteristic of

(1) Branchiostoma (2) Amphioxus (3) Lancelet (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
In sub phylum cephalochordate, excretion occurs by protonephridia with solenocytes.
Branchiostoma also called as Amphioxus or lancelet, due to both ends pointed like lance, they are called
lancelet. Branchiostoma belong to sub-phylum cephalochordate.
12. Statement-1 : Cephalochordata bears notochord all along the body throughout life.
Statement-2 : Urochordate bears vertebral column only in tail region throughout the life.
Then which is correct?
(1) Both statement-1 and statement-2 are correct
(2) Statement-1 is correct, statement-2 is wrong
(3) Statement-1 is wrong, statement-2 is correct
(4) Both statement-1 and statement-2 are wrong
Sol. Answer (2)
Statement-2 is incorrect, as
Urochordate belong to protochordata group where notochord is present only in tail of animal larva and notochord
disappears in adult. In urochordates notochord is not replaced by vertebral column.
13. Cyclostomata belongs to which division?

(1) Pisces (2) Agnatha (3) Acraniata (4) Tetrapoda
Sol. Answer (2)
Sub-phylum - Craniata Vertebrata
(Notochord is replaced by vertebral column)
2. Division
Agnatha Gnathostomata
(Lacks jaw) (Bears jaw)
Ostracodermi Cyclostomata 2 superclasses

e.g. Cephalaspis e.g. Petromyzon,
(Extinct) Myxine
Pisces Tetrapoda
14. The correct classification of Myxine is

(1) Chordata  Craniata  Agnatha  Cyclostomata
(2) Chordata  Acraniata  Protochordata  Cephalochordata
(3) Chordata  Cephalochordata  Cyclostomata
(4) Chordata  Craniata  Vertebrata  Ostracodermi
Sol. Answer (1)
Myxine belongs to class-cyclostomata
Phylum Chordata
Acraniata or Craniata or
protochordata euchordata
(No brainbox or (Cranium is present)
cranium)
Sub-phylum
Vertebrata
Agnatha Gnathostomata
(Lacks jaw) (Bears jaw)
Ostracodermi Cyclostomata Pisces Tetrapoda

e.g. Petromyzon,
Myxine
 Correct order is Chordata  Craniata  Agnatha  Cyclostomata
15. The lamprey (Petromyzon) is included in the same taxonomic class as the
(1) Cephalaspis (2) Ambystoma (3) Neoceratodus (4) Hagfish (Myxine)
Sol. Answer (4)
Lamprey (Petromyzon) and Hagfish (Myxine) belong to class Cyclostomata, division Agnatha and sub-phylum
Vertebrata.
16. Which of the following statements is not true for Agnatha members?
(1) They include hagfishes and lampreys
(2) They have notochord throughout their lives
(3) They are known as cyclostomes
(4) They have bony skeletons
Sol. Answer (4)
Agnatha are jawless vertebrates. in which notochord persist throughout life. Agnatha is devided into two classes-
Ostracodermi and Cyclostomata. Examples of cyclostomates are Hagfish (Myxine) and lamprey (Petromyzon).
Agnatha does not posses exoskeleton and posses cartilaginous vertebral column. Hence Agnatha members
lack bony skeleton.
17. The larva of Petromyzon is known as

(1) Ammocoete (2) Tornaria (3) Axolotl (4) Bipinnaria
Sol. Answer (1)
Development is indirect in lamprey (Petromyzon). Larva of lamprey is called Ammocoete larva. Ammocoete
larva is similar to adult Amphioxus, hence Ammocoete larva is connecting link between cephalochordates and
cyclostomes.
18. Lamprey is
(1) Catadromous (2) Anadromous (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Lamprey (Petromyzon) are marine organism, but adult lamprey migrate to fresh water for spawning. Such
migration from sea to river for breeding is known as anadromous migration.
19. Catadromous fish migrates from

(1) Sea to river (2) River to sea
(3) River to lakes (4) Deep sea to surface water
Sol. Answer (2)
Catadromous migration is observed in those fishes which spend most of their lives in fresh water (river) and
migrate to sea (marine) for breeding. This type of migration of catadromous migration.
20. Teeth in chondrichthyes are modified

(1) Placoid scales (2) Cycloid scales (3) Ctenoid scales (4) Rhomboid scales
Sol. Answer (1)
Chondrichthyes are cartilaginous fishes.
In chondrichthyes, teeth are modified placoid scales which are backwardly directed.
21. Which fish has an electric organ?

(1) Torpedo (2) Pristis (3) Trygon (4) Carcharodon
Sol. Answer (1)
Torpedo (electric ray) is a carnivorous fish. It stuns or kill the prey with electric shock from its electric organs.
Electric organs are modified muscles which generate an electric discharge from mild 8 volts to 220 volts.
22. Which type of scales are found on the skin of cartilaginous fishes?
(1) Ganoid (2) Placoid (3) Ctenoid (4) Cycloid
Sol. Answer (2)
In cartilaginous (chondrichthyes) fishes placoid scales are present which backwardly directed. Cycloid, ctenoid
and ganoid scales are observed in bony (ostrichthyes) fishes.
23. Bony fishes are

(1) Marine (2) Fresh water dwelling (3) Estuary dweller (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (4)
Bony fishes (Ostrichthyes) are both marine and fresh water fishes with streamlined body. Whereas cartilaginous
fishes (chondrichthyes) are marine fishes.
24. Which of the following belong to class osteichthyes?

a. Sea urchin b. Seahorse
c. Flying fish d. Sawfish
e. Dogfish
(1) b & c (2) a, b & e (3) b&e (4) a, d & e
Sol. Answer (1)
a. Sea-urchin (Echinus) – Class-Echinoidea, Phylum-Echinodermata (nonchordate)
b. Sea-horse (Hippocampus) – Class-Osteichthyes, Superclass-Pisces, Division-Gnathostomata,
Subphylum-Vertebrata, Chordata
c. Flying fish (Exocoetus) – Class-Osteichthyes, Superclass-Pisces, Division-Gnathostomata, Subphylum-
Vertebrata, Phylum-Chordata
d. Sawfish (Pristis) – Class-Chondrichthyes, Superclass-Pisces, Division-Gnathostomata, Subphylum-
e. Dogfish (Scoliodon) – Class-Chondrichthyes, Superclass-Pisces, Division-Gnathostomata, Subphylum-
25. Air bladder is

(1) Hydrostatic organ of bony fishes (2) Excretory organs of mammals
(3) Respiratory organs of birds (4) Respiratory organ of reptiles
Sol. Answer (1)
Air bladder or swim bladder regulates buoyancy. Air bladder is absent in cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes)
so those fishes have to swim continuously to avoid sinking. Air bladder is present in bony fishes.
26. Air bladder in a fish helps in
(1) Hydrostasis (2) Respiration (3) Sound production (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Air bladder in bony fishes, arising from gut is associated with respiration, hydrostasis, sound production and
audition.
27. Branch of biology dealing with study of fishes is

(1) Piscology (2) Ornithology (3) Ichthyology (4) Torpedology
Sol. Answer (3)
Branch of biology deals with study of fishes is called ichthyology.
28. Read the following statements and find out the correct statement.
a. Urinary bladder is absent in fishes
b. Gambusia fish eradicates mosquito larva
c. Ampulla of Lorenzini present in dogfish act as thermoreceptors
d. Electric organs are modified muscles
(1) b & d (2) a&c (3) b only (4) a, b, c & d
Sol. Answer (4)
a. Urinary bladder is absent in fishes, as urinary bladder present in Amphibians
b. Gambusia is carnivorous fish, eradicates mosquito larva, and was introduced into regions to control malaria.
c. Ampulla of Lorenzini is present in dog fish (Scoliodon) receives information of temperature fluctuations in
surrounding water, act as thermoreceptors.
d. Electric organs in Torpedo (electric ray) are modified muscles.
29. The fish which shows parental care is

(1) Hippocampus (2) Gambusia (3) Labeo (4) Scoliodon
Sol. Answer (1)
Hippocampus (sea horse), male bears a brood pouch in which female lays eggs, until they hatch egg remain
in pouch. Thus male sea-horse shows parental care.
30. Heart in amphibians is

(1) Two-chambered with one auricle and one ventricle
(2) Three-chambered with two auricles and one ventricle
(3) Three-chambered with one auricle and two ventricles
(4) Four-chambered with two auricles and two ventricles
Sol. Answer (2)
a. Two-chambered heart with one auricles and one ventricle is present in pisces
b. Three-chambered heart, having two auricles and one ventricle is present in amphibians and reptiles (except
crocodile)
c. Four-chambered heart with two auricles and ventricles are present in crocodile aves and mammals.
31. Which of the feature is not present in amphibia?
(1) Scales are present
(2) Most of them have two pairs of limbs for locomotion
(3) Eyes have eyelids
(4) Organisms are cold-blooded
Sol. Answer (1)
Option (1) is incorrect as skin in amphibians is without scales, but if scales present (e.g. caecilians) are hidden
beneath the skin.
32. Which of the following is true for all amphibians?
(1) All have tail
(2) Excretion by kidneys
(3) Alimentary canal and urinary and reproductive tracts open into different chambers to the exterior
(4) Heart is three-chambered with two ventricles
Sol. Answer (2)
Tails is not present in all amphibian, e.g. class Anura is without tail. Bufo (Toad), Rana (Frog)
Excretion occurs by mesonephric kidneys in Amphibians
In amphibians alimentary canal, urinary and reproduction tract open into common chamber called cloaca
Heart is three-chambered in amphibians with two auricles and one ventricle
33. Warty, rough and dry skin is characteristic of
(1) Toad (2) Frog (3) Ichthyophis (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (1)
Skin is rough, dry and waste with brown spotted dorsal surface and pale ventral surface in toad
Frogs have moist, smooth and slimy skin
Body of Ichthyophis is covered by slimy skin
34. Poison secreting parotoid gland occurs in
(1) Ichthyophis (2) Rana (3) Bufo (4) Salamandra
Sol. Answer (3)
Bufo (Toad) possesses a pair of large parotid glands that produce a milky poisonous fluid.
35. Axolotl is the larva of
(1) Silkworm (2) Ambystoma (3) Amphioxus (4) Roundworm
Sol. Answer (2)
Ambystoma belong to order urodela of class Amphibia. Larva of Ambystoma is called Axolotl larva. Axolotl
larva show paedogenesis (larva shows sexual reproduction).
36. Amphibian with no teeth in jaw is
(1) Salamandara (2) Bufo (3) Rana (4) Ichthyophis
Sol. Answer (2)
In toad (Bufo), teeths are absent in both the jaws.
37. Ambystoma shows

(1) Paedogenesis (2) Neoteny (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Paedogenesis is the phenomenon of sexual reproduction is larva, i.e. larva become sexually matured.
Neoteny is retention of larval characters in sexually mature individual.
Both paedogenesis and neoteny are observed in Ambystoma.
38. All of them are characters of reptiles except

(1) Lizards shed their scales as skin cast (2) Scutes are present on their body
(3) Heart is three-chambered in all reptiles (4) They are poikilotherms
Sol. Answer (3)
Heart is usually three chambered in reptiles, but four chambered heart is present in crocodiles.
39. Which among the following has four-chambered heart?

(1) Vipera (2) Crocodilus (3) Testudo (4) Hemidactylus
Sol. Answer (2)
Vipera (viper snake) belongs to sub-order ophidia of class Reptilia and possess three chambered heart.
Testudo (Tortoise). belongs to order chelonia of class Reptilia, possess three chambered heart.
Bungarus (Krait snake) belongs to sub-order ophidia of class-Reptilia, possess three chambered heart.
Crocodilus (crocodile) possesses four chambered heart.
40. Which among the following is an exception of possessing three-chambered heart?

(1) Alligator (2) Testudo (3) Chelone (4) Bungarus
Sol. Answer (1)
Testudo (Tortoise), Chelone (Turtles), Bungarus (Krait snake), possess three chambered heart, but Alligator
belonging to order crocodilia of class Reptilia possess four chambered heart.
41. Which among them has moderately long and pointed snout and is very aggressive and dangerous for man?
(1) Crocodile (2) Alligator (3) Gavialis (4) Salamandra
Sol. Answer (1)
Crocodile Alligator Gavialis Salamandra
More aggresive Less aggresive Eat only fish Not dangerous
and dangerous to attacks when because of
man provoked narrow throat
Snout moderately Snout broad and Snout very long No snout
long and pointed rounded and slender
42. Which among them is a living fossil?

(1) Hydrophis (2) Archaeopteryx (3) Sphenodon (4) Vipera
Sol. Answer (3)
Sphenodon belong to order Rhyncocephalia, class Reptilia. Sphenodon is commonly called Tuatara and
possess pineal gland or third eye. Sphenodon retains characters of stem reptiles hence called as living fossil.
43. Study of lizards is known as

(1) Saurology (2) Serpentology (3) Ophiology (4) Ornithology
Sol. Answer (1)
Saurology is study of lizards.
Serpentology is study of snakes.
44. Choose the correct statement.

(1) Lizards show autotomy (2) Most lizards are oviparous
(3) Poison gland in snakes are modified parotid gland (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Most of lizards show autotomy, voluntary breaking off tail to confuse enemy. Tail again regenerates.
Most of lizards are oviparous, covered by shell.
Poison glands in poisonous snake are modified superior labial or parotid gland.
45. Which of the following is a viviparous lizard?

(1) Uromastix (2) Chameleon (3) Hydrophis (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Most lizards are oviparous, but examples of viviparous lizards are Chameleon (Tree lizard), Phrynosoma (Horned
Toad).
46. The sound producing organ of bird is

(1) Larynx (2) Syrinx (3) Oropharynx (4) Nasopharynx
Sol. Answer (2)
In birds, larynx does not possses vocal cords. Syrinx produces sound and is present in region of bifurcation
of trachea and bronchi.
47. Read the following statement and choose the correct characteristic feature of Aves.
(1) Skin of birds have glands
(2) Air sacs help in excretion
(3) Heart is having three auricle and one ventricle
(4) Preen gland is present at the base of tail
Sol. Answer (4)
Skin in Aves is dry and without glands, except oil gland and spleen gland at base of tail for lubrication of
feathers. Air sacs in Aves help in respiration and excretory function in Aves is mediated by kidneys. Heart is
completely four chambered in birds.
48. Choose the option which comprises of oviparous animals.
(1) Ostrich, eagle, whale (2) Bat, pigeon, crow
(3) Parrot, vulture, sparrow (4) Kite, platypus, kangaroo
Sol. Answer (3)

Birds/Aves are oviparous animals with direct development. Majority of mammals are viviparous with few
exceptions e.g. platypus is oviparous.
Whale, Bat, Kangaroo are mammals and viviparous.
49. Largest living flightless bird is
(1) Eagle (2) Rhea (3) Humming bird (4) Ostrich

Sol. Answer (4)
Ostrich (Struthio) belong to super order Ratitae, sub-class Neornithes class Aves, is a largest living flightless
bird.
50. All of the following Avian characters are correct, except

(1) Bones do not have bone marrow
(2) Scales are present only in the hindlimbs region
(3) In females, right ovary is atrophied
(4) Beak possesses homodont teeth
Sol. Answer (4)
Birds have hollow pneumatic bones filled with air cavities. No bone marrow is present.
In birds jaws are modified to form beak and beak is toothless.
51. Tail vertebrae of birds are fused to form

(1) Pygostyle (2) Coccyx (3) Urostyle (4) Synsacrum
Sol. Answer (1)
Pygostyle – In birds 3 or 4 tailed vertebrae fuses to form single structure called pygostyle.
Coccyx – Four or five coccygeal bones in final segment of vertebrae column in humans and apes unite together
to form a small vestigial tail bone called coccyx.
Urostyle – A long bone which is formed by fusion of vertebrae a base of vertebral column in some lower
vertebrates. e.g. frogs and toads.
Synsacrum – Fused bone formed by fusion of posterior, thoracic, lumbar and anterior caudal vertebrae in Aves.
52. Aves are

(1) Ammonotelic (2) Uricotelic (3) Ureotelic (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (2)
Excretory product is uric acid in birds. Uric acid is insoluble in water and thus precipitate out. Uricotelism
(excreting-uric acid) is very important for land vertebrates lay shelled eggs. Birds (laying shelled eggs) are
uricotelic as uric acid being almost insoluble get precipated and remain with shell only.
53. A mammal which lays eggs instead of giving birth to offspring is

(1) Rabbit (2) Macropus
(3) Duck-billed platypus (4) Whale
Sol. Answer (3)
Mammals are viviparous, with few exception. e.g. Ornithorynchus (Platypus) is oviparous i.e. egg laying.
54. Point out the mammalian characters

(1) Diaphragm, four-chambered heart, lungs (2) Hairy skin, viviparity, feathers
(3) Fins, gills, viviparity (4) Neural gland, gills, four-chambered heart
Sol. Answer (1)
Viviparity is not an absolute mammalian feature as Platypus (mammal) is oviparous (egg laying). Gills and fins
are also not observed in adult mammals.
So presence of diaphragm, four chambered heart and lungs is mammalian feature.
55. The following statements regarding mammals are correct except

(1) Cloaca is present (2) External ear pinna present
(3) Non-nucleated RBC (4) Excrete urea
Sol. Answer (1)
Cloaca is absent in mammals but presence of external ear (pinna), non-nucleated RBC and excreting urea
(ureotelism) is mammalian feature.
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. In Torpedo (electric ray), electric organs are present as modified musculature between
(1) Nostrils and mouth (2) Pectoral and caudal fin
(3) Gills and eyes (4) Eyes and nostrils
Sol. Answer (4)
Electric organs are specialized block of muscle derived from branchial muscles in Torpedo.
2. Poikilothermous animals having single occipital condyle will belong to
(1) Amphibia (2) Reptiles (3) Aves (4) Mammals
Sol. Answer (2)
Poikilotherms are organisms who change internal body temperature with surroundings
Amphibia – Dicondylic, Poikilotherms
Reptilia – Monocondylic, Poikilotherms
Aves – Homeotherms (maintain constant body temperature), Monocondylic
Mammals – Homeotherms, Dicondylic
3. Which of the following statements are not true about shark?
a. The skin is tough and covered with placoid scales
b. They possess a swim bladder which regulates buoyancy
c. The tail of shark is heterocercal
d. Ampulla of Lorenzini present in the snout of shark is a thermoreceptor.
e. It has five pairs of gill slits covered by operculum
(1) a, c, d, e (2) b, c, d, e (3) b and e only (4) c and e only
Sol. Answer (3)
Sharks are cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes). In cartilaginous fishes skin is tough and covered with placoid
scales, swim bladder or air bladder is absent. So they have to swim continuously. Tail or caudal fin is
heterocercal in chondrichthyes. Snout or head in sharks bear ampulla of lorenzini that receives information of
temperature fluctuation in surrounding water thus are thermoreceptors. There are 5-7 pairs of gills slits, without
operculum.
4. All the following statements are correct about Petromyzon (Lamprey) except
(1) Lampreys are marine and migrate for spawning into rivers (Anadromous)
(2) Their characteristic ammocoete larvae after metamorphosis migrates back to the ocean
(3) After spawning the adult lamprey stops feeding and migrates back to ocean where it lives
(4) It is a sanguivorous ectoparasite on other fishes
Sol. Answer (3)
Features of Petromyzon (Lamprey) are:
Petromyzon are marine fishes but they migrate to fresh water (rivers) for spawning. Such migration is
anadromous migration.
Petromyzon has ammocoete larva, which migrate from fresh water (river) to ocean.
Petromyzon belong to class cyclostomata which are ectoparasite on some fishes.
Petromyzon bear circular and suctorial mouth with sanguivorous feeding habit.
5. What are not true?
a. Dermal scales of fishes form the exoskeleton
b. Cycloid and ctenoid scales have distinct lines of growth which aid in determining the age of the fish
c. Fish scales are never shed
d. The skin in elasmobranchs is covered with placoid scales
e. The development of a placoid scale is not like the development of a tooth
(1) a, b, c and e (2) b, c and e (3) c, d and e (4) Only e
Sol. Answer (4)
Teeth in cartilaginous fishes are acrodont teeth. Teeth are modified placoid scales which are backwardly directed.
6. Which of the following are referred to as non-vertebrate chordate?
(1) Ciona, Ascidia, Amphioxus (2) Lamprey, Myxine, Shark
(3) Scoliodon, Torpedo, Trygon (4) Pristis, Branchiostoma, Scyllium
Sol. Answer (1)
Phylum : Chordata
2 sub-groups
Acraniata/Protochordata Craniata/Euchordata
2 sub-phylum sub-phylum
Vertebrata
Urochordata/Tunicata Cephalochordata
e.g. Ciona, Ascidia e.g. Branchiostoma,

Amphioxus
Both sub-phylum urochordata and cephalochordate are invertebrate where notochord is not replaced by
vertebral column.
7. Lateral line sense organs are absent in
(1) Tadpole larva of frog (2) Fishes (3) Reptiles (4) Cartilaginous fishes
Sol. Answer (3)
Fishes have lateral line sense organs, which contain receptors. These receptors have neuromast organs, and
are rheoreceptors. Rheoreceptor detects water current and turbulence of water. Tadpole larva of frog bear tail,
gills and lateral line organ.
In reptiles lateral line organ is absent.
8. Members of which group are not deuterostomes?
(1) Chordates (2) Echinoderms
(3) Arthropods (4) None of these; all are deuterostomes
Sol. Answer (3)
Deuterostomes in animals where first opening to develop in embryonic digestive tube is anus and mouth is
formed later. Echinodermates and chordates have deuterostomic body plane while annelids, arthropod and
molluscs have protostomic body plan.
9. Amongst the following mammals which of the following is a monotreme?
(1) Macropus (Kangaroo) (2) Ornithorhynchus (Platypus)
(3) Balaenoptera (Blue whale) (4) Elephas (Elephant)
Sol. Answer (2)
Mammalia
Sub-class
Monotremata Marsupilia Eutheria

(Prototheria) (Metatheria) (Placentalia)
e.g. Ornithorhynchus e.g. Macropus

(Platypus) (Kangaroo)
Chiroptera Perissodactyla Cetacea Carnivora Primata

Balaenoptera
(Blue whale)
Rodentia Artiodactyla Proboscidea

e.g. Elephas
(Elephant)
10. Teeth are modified ________ scales which are backwardly directly
(1) Ctenoid (2) Cycloid (3) Placoid (4) Ganoid
Sol. Answer (3)
In cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes), placoid scales are modified into teeth which are backwardly directed.
11. Which of the following is the correct matching of an animal, its characteristics and taxon?
Animal Characteristics Taxon
(1) Chameleon Prehensile tail, dicondylic skull, camouflaging Reptilia
(2) Monotremes Viviparous, hair, external ears or pinnae Mammalia
(3) Rana tigrina No exoskeletal elements, dicondylic skull, eyes have eyelids Amphibia
(4) Scoliodon Placoid scales, viviparous, external fertilization Chondrichthyes
Sol. Answer (3)
Animal Characteristics Taxon
(1) Chameleon Prehensile tail, mono- dicondylic skull, camouflaging Reptilia
(2) Monotremes Oviparous, no external ears or pinnae Mammalia
(3) Rana tigrina No exoskeletal element, dicondylic skull, eyes have eyelids Amphibia
(4) Scoliodon Placoid scales, oviparous, internal fertilization Pisces,

(Cartilagin- Chondrichthyes
ous fishes)
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. A jawless fish, which lays eggs in fresh water and whose ammocoetes larvae after metamorphosis return to
the ocean is: [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Petromyzon (2) Eptatretus (3) Myxine (4) Neomyxine
Sol. Answer (1)
Petromyzon (Lamprey) is a migratory marine water jawless fish which shows anadromous migration. It spawns
in fresh water, stops feeding and dies. Its larva (Ammocoetes) after metamorphosis will return to ocean.
2. Which of the following represents the correct combination without any exception? [AIPMT-2015]
Characteristics
(1) Body covered with feathers; skin moist and Aves
glandular; fore-limbs form wings; lungs with air
sacs
(2) Mammary gland; hair on body; pinnae, two pairs of Mammalia
limbs
(3) Mouth ventral; gills without operculum; skin with Chondrichthyes
placoid scales; persistent notochord
(4) Sucking and circular mouth; jaws absent, Cyclostomata

integument without scales; paired appendages
Sol. Answer (3)

3. Which of the following animals is not viviparous? [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Whale (2) Flying fox (Bat) (3) Elephant (4) Platypus
Sol. Answer (4)
4. A marine cartilaginous fish that can produce electric current is [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Pristis (2) Torpedo (3) Trygon (4) Scolidon
Sol. Answer (2)
Torpedo produces electric current. Electric organs are modified muscles.
5. Match the name of the animal (Column I) with one characteristics (Column II) and the phylum/class (Column III)
to which it belongs. [NEET-2013]
Column I Column II Column III
(1) Ichthyophis Terrestrial Reptilia
(2) Limulus Body covered by chitinous exoskeleton Pisces

(3) Adamsia Radially symmetrical Porifera
(4) Petromyzon Ectoparasite Cyclostomata
Sol. Answer (4)

Correct match will be
(1) Ichthyophis – Aquatic and terrestrial – Amphibia
(2) Limulus – Body covered by chitinous exoskeleton – Arthropoda
(3) Adamsia – Radially symmetric – Cnidaria/Coelentrata
(4) Petromyzon – Ectoparasite – Cyclostomata
6. Which one of the following pairs of animals are similar to each other pertaining to the feature stated against
them? [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Sea horse and Flying fish - Cold blooded (Poikilothermal)
(2) Pteropus and Ornithorhyncus - Viviparity
(3) Garden lizard and Crocodile - Three chambered heart
(4) Ascaris and Ancylostoma - Metameric segmentation
Sol. Answer (1)
Pteropus is flying fox, belonging to order chiroptera of class mammalia and Ornithorhyncus (platypus),
belongs to sub-class prototheria, class mammalia
Garden lizard (reptile) has three chambered heart, but crocodile possess four chambered heart
Ascaris (Aschelminthes) and Ancylostoma (Hook worm) (Aschelminthes) does not possess metameric
segmentation
Sea horse (Hippocampus), flying fish (Exocoetus) belong to class Osteichthyes (pisces), these are cold
blooded (poikilotherms).
7. Which one of the following categories of animals, is correctly described with no single exception?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) All mammals are viviparous and possess diaphragm for breathing
(2) All reptiles possess scales, have a three chambered heart and are cold blooded (poikilothermal)
(3) All bony fishes have four pairs of gills and an operculum on each side
(4) All sponges are marine and have collared cells
Sol. Answer (3)
All reptiles do not possess three chambered heart, crocodiles have four chambered heart
Some sponges are fresh water sponges also. e.g. Spongilla (fresh water sponge)
All mammals are not viviparous e.g. Ornithorhynchus (platypus) is oviparous
8. Which one of the following organisms is scientifically correctly named, correctly printed according to the
International Rules of Nomenclature and correctly described? [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) E.coli– Full name Entamoeba coli, a commonly occuring bacterium in human intestine
(2) Musca domestica – The common house lizard, a reptile
(3) Plasmodium falciparum – A protozoan pathogen causing the most serious type of malaria
(4) Felis tigris – The Indian tiger, well protected in Gir forests
Sol. Answer (3)
(1) Musca domestica – Housefly, is common insect of warmer region
(2) Plasmodium falciparum – Protozoan pathogen causing most serious type of malaria
(3) Panthera tigris – The Indian tiger
(4) E.coli – Full name Escherichia coli, a commonly occuring bacterium in human intestine
9. Which one of the following animals is correctly matched with its particular named taxonomic category?
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Housefly - Musca, an order (2) Tiger - Tigris, the species
(3) Cuttlefish - Mollusca, a class (4) Humans - Primata, the family
Sol. Answer (2)

(1) Housefly (Musca domestica) – First name is genus and second name is species
(2) Tiger (Panthera tigris) – Panthera (genus), tigris (species)
(3) Cuttlefish (Sepia) – Mollusca (phylum)
(4) Humans – Primata-order
10. In which one of the following the genus name, its two characters and its class/phylum are correctly matched?
Genus name Two characters Class/Phylum
(a) Cnidoblasts
(1) Aurelia
(b) Organ level of organization
(a) Body segmented
(2) Ascaris Annelida
(b) Males and females distinct
(a) A tympanum represents ear
Amphibia
(3) Salamandra (b) Fertilization is external
(a) Skin possesses hair
(4) Pteropus Mammalia
(b) Oviparous
Sol. Answer (3)
Genus name Two characters Class/Phylum
(a) Cnidoblasts
(1) Aurelia
(b) Tissue level of organization
(a) Unsegmented body
(2) Ascaris Aschelminthes
(b) Males and females distinct
(3) Salamandra (a) Tympanum represents middle ear

Amphibia
(b) External Fertilization
(a) Skin possesses hair
(4) Pteropus Mammalia
(b) Viviparous
11. Which one of the following groups of animals is correctly matched with its one characteristic feature without
even a single exception? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Mammalia : give birth to young ones
(2) Reptilia : possess three-chambered heart with one incompletely divided ventricle
(3) Chordata : possess a mouth provided with an upper and a lower jaw
(4) Chondrichthyes : possess cartilaginous endoskeleton
Sol. Answer (4)
Mammalia – Majority give birth to young ones (viviparous) except platypus (Ornithorhynchus)
Reptilia – Majority mossess three chambered heart except Crocodilia which possess four chambered heart.
Chordata – Majority possess mouth with upper and lower jaw with exceptions e.g. urochordates, cephalo
chordates and cyclostomes
Chondrichthyes – Possess cartilaginous endoskeleton.
12. What will you look for to identify the sex of the following? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Male shark - Claspers borne on pelvic fins
(2) Female Ascaris - Sharply curved posterior end
(3) Male frog - A copulatory pad on the first digit of the hind limb
(4) Female cockroach - Anal cerci
Sol. Answer (1)
In male sharks, pelvic fins has claspers, helping in copulation. Female Ascaris is with straight posterior end
of body. During breeding season, inner digit of each fore limb in male frog develops copulatory organ.
Anal cerci are present in male cockroach.
13. Which one of the following statements is totally wrong about the occurrence of notochord while the other three
are correct? [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(1) It is absent throughout life in humans from the very beginning
(2) It is present throughout life in Amphioxus
(3) It is present only in larval tail in Ascidians
(4) It is replaced by a vertebral column in adult frog
Sol. Answer (1)
Notochord is present during embryonic stage in humans but replaced by vertebral column in adults.
14. Which one of the following statements about all the four of Spongilla, Leech, Dolphin and Penguin is correct ?
(1) All are bilaterally symmetrical
(2) Penguin is homoiothermic while the remaining three are poikilothermic
(3) Leech is a fresh water form while all others are marine
(4) Spongilla has special collared cells called choanocytes, not found in the remaining three
Sol. Answer (4)
Spongilla – Phylum-Porifera (non-chordate)
Leech – Phylum-Annelida (non-chordate)
Dolphin – Class-Mammalia (chordate)
Penguin – Class-Aves (chordate)
Presence of special collar like cells (choanocyte) is a characteristic feature of phylum porifera, which is not
observed in any other phylum.
15. Crocodile and penguin are similar to Whale and Dogfish in which one of the following features?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) Possess a solid single stranded central nervous system
(2) Lay eggs and guard them till they hatch
(3) Possess bony skeleton
(4) Have gill slits at some stage
Sol. Answer (4)
Crocodile – Reptilia (Class)(Chordate)
Penguin – Class (Aves)(Chordate)
Whale – Class (Mammalia)(Chordate)
Dogfish – Class (Pisces)(Chordate)
All are chordate having common features:

1. Dorsal, hollow central nervous system.
2. Paired pharyngeal gill slits, in higher chordates they occur in only embryonic stage.
Whales are viviparous, give birth to young ones.
Dogfish (Scoliodon) is a cartilaginous fish, having endoskeleton of cartilage.
16. Which one of the following pairs of animals comprises 'jawless fishes'? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Mackerals and Rohu (2) Lampreys and hag fishes
(3) Guppies and hag fishes (4) Lampreys and eels
Sol. Answer (2)
Jawless fishes are jawless vertebrates, in which jaws are absent.
Jawless fishes belong to division agnatha, class cyclostomata.
Members of class cyclostomata have sucking, circular mouth without jaws, e.g. Lampreys and hagfishes.
17. Which one of the following phyla is correctly matched with its two general characteristics?
(1) Mollusca – Normally oviparous and development through a trochophore or veliger larva
(2) Arthropoda – Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen and respiration by tracheae
(3) Chordata – Notochord at some stage and separate anal and urinary openings to the outside
(4) Echinodermata – Pentamerous radial symmetry and mostly internal fertilization
Sol. Answer (1)
Mollusca – Normally oviparous and development through a trochophore or veliger larva
Arthropoda – Body is divided into head thorax and abdomen which may get fused in some animals.
When head and thorax fuses to form cephalothorax and thorax and abdomen fuses
to form trunk.
Tracheal respiration also occurs
Chordata – Notochord at some stage, separate anal and urinary openings. In some animal
common chamber for alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tract is present.
Echinodermata – Pentamerous radial symmetry in adults and external fertilization
18. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
A. Crocodile – 4-chambered heart
B. Sea Urchin – Parapodia
C. Obelia – Metagenesis
D. Lemur – Thecodont
(1) Only A and B (2) A, C and D (3) B, C and D (4) Only A and D
Sol. Answer (2)
Correct match is
Animals Morphological features
(A) Crocodile – Four-chambered heart
(B) Sea urchin – Aristotle's Lantern (Echinodermata)
(C) Obelia – Metagenesis (alternation of generation)(Cnidaria)
(D) Lemur – Thecodont (Teeth embedded in socket)(Mammalia)
19. Which one of the following is a matching pair of a body feature and the animal possessing it?
(1) Ventral heart – Scorpion
(2) Post-anal tail – Octopus
(3) Ventral central nervous system – Leechn
(4) Pharyngeal gill slits absent in embryo – Chamaeleon
Sol. Answer (3)
Leech belong to phylum Annelida (non-chordates). In non-chordates nerve cord is located ventrally, hence
leech possess ventral central nervous system.
Presence of pharyngeal gills slits is a characteristic feature of chordates. In higher chordates such as Reptilia,
gill slits occur only in embryo stage and are absent in adults. Chameleon belongs to class Reptilia.
Scorpion (Arthropod) is a non-chordate having dorsal heart
Octopus (Molluscs) is a non-chordate, whereas presence of post-anal tail is a chordate feature.
20. What is common between parrot, platypus and kangaroo? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) Ovoparity (2) Homoiothermy
(3) Toothless jaws (4) Functional post-anal tail
Sol. Answer (2)
Parrot-Aves, Platypus-Mammalia, Kangaroo-Mammalia
Parrot belonging to class Aves, where jaws are modified into beaks and beak is toothless
Aves and mammals, both are homothermals i.e. they maintain a constant body temperature.
21. In which one of the following sets of animals do all the four give birth to young ones? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Lion, bat, whale, ostrich (2) Platypus, penguin, bat, hippopotamus
(3) Shrew, bat, cat, kiwi (4) Kangaroo, hedgehog, dolphin, loris
Sol. Answer (4)
Mammals are viviparous with few exceptions. For example
Ornithorynchus (Platypus) is oviparous
Kangaroo, hedgehog, dolphin, Loris belong to class-mammalia
Ostrich-birds-oviparous
Platypus-oviparous
Kiwi-bird-oviparous
22. Which one of the following characters is not typical of the class-mammalia? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Seven cervical verebrae (2) Thecodont dentition
(3) Ten pairs of cranial nerves (4) Alveolar lungs
Sol. Answer (3)
Mammals possess 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
23. Which of the following are correctly matched with respect to their taxonomic classification?
(1) Centipede, millipede, spider, scorpion – Insecta
(2) Housefly, butterfly, tsetsefly, silverfish – Insecta
(3) Spiny anteater, sea urchin, sea cucumber – Echinodermata
(4) Flying fish, cuttlefish, silverfish, – Pisces
Sol. Answer (2)

Centipede – Chilopoda (Arthropoda)
Millipede – Diplopoda (Arthropoda)
Spider, scorpion – Arachnida (Arthropoda)
Spiny ant eater – Mammalia
Sea urchin – Echinodermata
Sea cucumber – Echinodermata
Flying fish – Exocoetus (Pisces)
Cuttle fish – Sepia (Molluscs)
Silver fish – Insecta (Arthropoda)
24. One of the representatives of Phylum Arthropoda is

(1) Silverfish (2) Pufferfish (3) Flying fish (4) Cuttlefish
Sol. Answer (1)
Silverfish – (Insecta), Arthropoda
Pufferfish – Superclass pisces, vertebrata
Flying fish (Exocoetus) – Superclass pisces, chondrichthyes, vertebrata
Cuttlefish (Sepia) – Class-Cephalopoda, Molluscs
25. The characteristics of class Reptilia are :

(1) Body covered with dry and cornified skin, scales over the body are epidermal, they do not have external
ears
(2) Body covered with moist skin which is devoid of scales, the ear is represented by a tympanum, alimentary
canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common cloaca
(3) Fresh water animals with bony endoskeleton, air-bladder to regulate buoyancy
(4) Marine animals with cartilaginous endoskeleton, body covered with placoid scales
Sol. Answer (1)
Reptiles are first true land vertebrates and body is covered by dry and cornified skin. Scales or scutes in
reptiles are epidermal. External ear or pinna is absent in reptiles.
Body covered with moist skin, devoid of scales, ear is represented by a tympanum, alimentary canal,
urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common cloaca, all these are features of amphibia.
Fresh water animals with bony endoskeleton, air-bladder to regulate buoyancy-features of osteichthyes.
Marine animals with cartilaginous endoskeleton, body covered with placoid scales-features of
chondrichthyes.
26. Which one of the following animals is correctly matched with its one characteristics and the taxon?
Animal Characteristic Taxon
(1) Duckbilled platypus Oviparous Mammalian
(2) Milipede Ventral nerve cord Arachnida
(3) Sea Anemone Triploblastic Cnidaria
(4) Silverfish Pectoral and Pelvic fins Chordata
Sol. Answer (1)
Correct Matches
Animal Characteristic Taxon
(1) Duckbilled platypus Oviparous Monotremata, Mammalia
(2) Milipede Ventral nerve cord Diplopoda, Arthropoda
(3) Sea Anemone Diploblastic Cnidaria, (ctenophora)
(4) Silverfish No fins, have jointed appandages Arthropoda, non-chordates
27. Sharks and dogfishes differ from skates and rays by

(1) Their pectoral fins distinctly marked off from cylindrical bodies
(2) Gill slits are ventrally placed
(3) Head and trunk are widened considerably
(4) Distinct demarcation between body and tail
Sol. Answer (1)
Sharks/Dogfishes Rays/Skates
Pectoral fins are distinctly marked off from cylindrical body Pectoral fins are fused along margin of trunk
Gills slits on lateral side Gill slits are ventral
Body is laterally compressed Body is dorsoventrally compressed
28. A common characteristic of all vertebrates without exception is

(1) The division of body into head, neck, trunk and tail
(2) Their body covered with an exoskeleton
(3) The possession of two pairs of functional appendages
(4) The presence of well-developed skull
Sol. Answer (4)
Brain of all vertebrates is enclosed within cranium or skull.
29. Besides annelida and arthropoda, the metamerism is exhibited by

(1) Mollusca (2) Acanthocephala (3) Cestoda (4) Chordata
Sol. Answer (4)
Metamerism is phenomenon where body is divided into parts or segments. Metamerism is seen in annelids,
arthropods and chordates.
30. Which of the following is common among mammals?

(1) They undergo no moulting (2) They have seven cervical vertebrae
(3) They are carnivores (4) They have ventral nerve cord
Sol. Answer (2)
All mammals possess seven cervical vertebrae in neck region.
31. Pneumatic bones are found in

(1) Shark (2) Rana (3) Pigeon (4) Whale
Sol. Answer (3)

In Aves endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) and long bones are hollow with air cavities. Such bones are
pneumatic bones.
Shark (chondrichthyes), Rana (Amphibia), Whale (Mammalia) does not have pneumatic bone. Pigeon (columba)
is Aves (birds) which possess pneumatic bones.
32. Which one of the following fish was introduced in India by foreigners?
(1) Mystus singhala (2) Clarius batracus (3) Labeo rohita (4) Pomphret
Sol. Answer (4)
Pomphret is most widely eaten fish in India and was introduced in India by foreigners.
33. The long bones are hollow and connected by air passages. These are the characteristics of
(1) Reptilia (2) Land vertebrates (3) Aves (4) Mammals
Sol. Answer (3)
In Aves, endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) and long bones are hollow with air cavities. Such bones are
pneumatic bones.
34. Fish, which eradicates the mosquito larva, is

(1) Gambusia (2) Cuttlefish (3) Anabas (4) Rohu
Sol. Answer (1)
Gambusia fish feeds on mosquito larva and eradicate mosquito larva, so fish is used to control malaria.
35. Which of the following is not found in birds?

(1) Pelvic girdle (2) Pectoral girdle (3) Hind limb (4) Fore limb
Sol. Answer (4)
In Aves (birds) forelimbs are modified into wings.
36. What is true for mammalia?

(1) Platypus is oviparous (2) Bats have feathers
(3) Elephant is ovoviviparous (4) Diaphragm is absent in them
Sol. Answer (1)
Platypus are oviparous mammals.
Bat does not possess feathers, but possess patagium which develops as fold of skin, helping in flying.
Elephants are viviparous
Mammals posses diaphragm
37. Which of the following character is present in all chordates?

(1) Diaphragm (2) Vertebral column
(3) Pharyngeal gill clefts (4) Dorsal nerve cord
Sol. Answer (3)
Diaphragm is present in class-mammalia only. Vertebral column is observed in sub-phylum vertebrata only.
All chordates possess dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits.
38. In which of the following animal post anal tail is found?
(1) Earthworm (2) Lower invertebrate (3) Scorpion (4) Snake
Sol. Answer (4)
Presence of post anal tail for balancing is a primary feature of chordates.
Earthworm, lower invertebrates, scorpion are non-chordates while snake (Reptilia) are chordates.
39. In which of the following notochord is present in embryonic stage?

(1) All chordates (2) Some chordates (3) Vertebrates (4) Non-chordates
Sol. Answer (1)
Notochord is present throughout life or only during early embryonic development in chordates. Presence of
notochord is fundamental feature of chordates. In vertebrates, notochord is replaced by cartilaginous or bony
vertebral column in adults.
40. Given below are four matches of an animal and its kind of respiratory organ
A. Silverfish - Trachea
B. Scorpion - Book lung
C. Sea squirt - Pharyngeal gills
D. Dolphin – Skin
The correct matches are
(1) A and B (2) A, B and C (3) B and D (4) C and D
Sol. Answer (2)
A. Silver fish - Trachea (Arthropod)
B. Scorpion (Arthropod) - Book lung
C. Sea squirt (Urochordate) - Pharyngeal gills slit
D. Dolphin (Mammal) – Lungs
41. One of the following is a very unique feature of the mammalian body
(1) Homeothermy (2) Presence of diaphragm
(3) Four-chambered heart (4) Rib cage
Sol. Answer (2)
Presence of muscular diaphragm is unique to mammals.
42. Animals have the innate ability to escape from predation. Examples for the same are given below. Select the
incorrect example.
(1) Colour change in Chameleon
(2) Enlargement of body size by swallowing air in pufferfish
(3) Poison fangs in snakes
(4) Melanism in moths
Sol. Answer (3)
Poisonous fangs in snake are maxillary teeth located in maxilla. Snake poison is mixture of enzymes and
specific toxins and is good digestive juice. Poisonous fangs are used by snakes for self defence not for
predation.
43. Annual migration does not occur in the case of

(1) Arctic tern (2) Salmon (3) Siberian crane (4) Salamander
Sol. Answer (4)
Arctic tern shows longest yearly/annual migration
Salmon fish migrate to fresh water for spawning
Siberian cranes also show annual migration
Salamander does not show migration
44. What is true about Nereis, scorpion, cockroach and silverfish?

(1) They all possess dorsal heart (2) None of them is aquatic
(3) They all belong to the same phylum (4) They all have jointed paired appendages
Sol. Answer (1)
Nereis – Annelid (Phylum)
Scorpion – Arthropod (jointed appendages)
Cockroach – Arthropod (jointed appendages)
Silverfish – Arthropod (jointed appendages)
All above are non-chordates, and heart is dorsal in position in non-chordates.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : In metatherians, scrotum is present in front of penis.
R : In prototherians scrotum is present behind the penis.
Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is correct as in sub-class Metatheria of class mammalia, penis in male is bifurcated and scrotum
is present in front of penis.
Reason is false as in sub-class Prototheria of class mammalia, testis are abdominal and remain inside
abdominal cavity.
2. A : Birds have metanephric kidney and no urinary bladder.

R : South American Ostrich has urinary bladder.
Sol. Answer (2)
Assertion is correct as birds have advanced metanephric kidneys and urinary bladder is absent as a flight
adaptation.
Reason is correct as south American ostrich (Rhea Americana) is a flightless bird, having urinary bladder
(Exception).
Both Assertion and Reason is true but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
3. A : All birds, except the one like Koel (cuckoo) build nests for retiring and taking rest during night time.
R : Koel lays eggs in the nests of tailor bird.
Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is correct as all birds except koel (Cuckoo), build nest for retiring and taking rest during night time.
Koel do not build his own nest.
Reason is false as Koel exhibit Brood Parasitism, as Koel lays egg in nest of crow.
4. A : The duck-billed platypus and the spiny ant-eater, both are egg laying animals yet are grouped under
mammals.
R : Both of them have seven cervical vertebrae and mammary glands without teats.
Sol. Answer (1)
Assertion is correct as duck billed platypus and spiny ant eater are oviparous mammals, but are grouped under
mammals due to presence of other mammalian features, such as presence of seven cervical vertebrae in neck
and mammary gland (without teats).
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is correct explanation for Assertion.
5. A : Bats and whales are classified as mammals.

R : Bats and whales show echolocation and four chambered heart.
Sol. Answer (2)
Assertion is correct as bats (chiroptera order) and whales (cetacea order) are classified as mammals.
Reason is correct as bats and whales show echolocation and possess four chambered heart.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation for Assertion.
6. A : Piscean scales are similar to reptilian scales in origin.

R : Age of the animal can be deduced by lines of growth on both the scales.
Sol. Answer (4)
Assertion is false, as scales in fishes are mesodermal in origin where as scales in reptiles are epidermal in
origin.
Reason is true as age of animals can be deduced by lines of growth on both the scales.
7. A : Dicondylic skull is found in amphibians and mammals.

R : The number of cranial nerves in amphibians and mammals is same.
Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is correct as amphibian and mammals possess dicondylic skull.
Reason is false as amphibian possess 10 pairs of cranial nerves and mammals possess 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
8. A : Evolution of shelled eggs helped the reptiles to successfully adapt for terrestrial life.
R : The origin of shelled eggs occurred earlier than viviparity.
Sol. Answer (3)
Assertion is true as reptiles are first successful land vertebrate and formation of shell around eggs helped
reptiles in terrestrial adaptation.
Reason is wrong as viviparity is exhibited by mammals, some reptiles and also by some lower animals even
before shelled egged animals first evolved.
9. A : All chordates have kidneys as excretory organs.

R : Kidneys help in removal of metabolic wastes along with regulating the osmolarity of body fluids.
Sol. Answer (4)
Assertion is false, all chordates does not possess kidneys as excretory organs.
e.g. Urochordata – neural glands for excretion
Cephalochordata – protonephridia for excretion
In vertebrates and some other chordates, a specialized organ, kidney function in both osmoregulation and
excretion.
 Assertion is false, Reason is true.
10. A : The lungs of birds are provided with air sacs.

R : Air sacs supplement respiration.
Sol. Answer (2)
Assertion is true as air sacs are connected to lungs in birds. To bring fresh air to lungs, birds use eight or
nine air sacs situated on either side of lungs.
Reason is also true as air sacs makes ventilation in birds highly effecient. Air sacs ensure passage of air over
the gas exchange surface in only one direction and does not allow mixing of air. Thus air sacs supplement
respiration in birds.
Both Assertion and Reason is true, but Reason is not correct explanation for Assertion.


Chordate Characteristics and Classification

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Chordate Characteristics and Classification

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Animal Kingdom (Contd...

1. One of the primary characters of chordates is

3. Vertebral column is derived from

4. Which one of the following structure is present in all adult vertebrates?

Sol. Answer (2)

5. Which of the following is a chordate feature, not shared by the non-chordates?

6. Which among them is a characteristic of chordata?

7. The correct classification of Ascidia

Acraniata or Protochordata Craniata or Euchordata

Notochord is present only in Notochord extends from head

9. All of them are characteristics of urochordates, except

10. Respiration in cephalochordates occurs through

11. Excretion by protonephridia with solenocyte is a characteristic of

13. Cyclostomata belongs to which division?

Ostracodermi Cyclostomata 2 superclasses

14. The correct classification of Myxine is

Ostracodermi Cyclostomata Pisces Tetrapoda

17. The larva of Petromyzon is known as

19. Catadromous fish migrates from

20. Teeth in chondrichthyes are modified

21. Which fish has an electric organ?

23. Bony fishes are

24. Which of the following belong to class osteichthyes?

25. Air bladder is

27. Branch of biology dealing with study of fishes is

29. The fish which shows parental care is

30. Heart in amphibians is

31. Which of the feature is not present in amphibia?

(1) Scales are present

(2) Most of them have two pairs of limbs for locomotion

(3) Eyes have eyelids

(4) Organisms are cold-blooded

Sol. Answer (1)

32. Which of the following is true for all amphibians?

(1) All have tail

(2) Excretion by kidneys

(4) Heart is three-chambered with two ventricles

Sol. Answer (2)

Excretion occurs by mesonephric kidneys in Amphibians

Heart is three-chambered in amphibians with two auricles and one ventricle

33. Warty, rough and dry skin is characteristic of

Sol. Answer (1)

Frogs have moist, smooth and slimy skin

Body of Ichthyophis is covered by slimy skin

34. Poison secreting parotoid gland occurs in

(1) Ichthyophis (2) Rana (3) Bufo (4) Salamandra

Sol. Answer (3)

35. Axolotl is the larva of

(1) Silkworm (2) Ambystoma (3) Amphioxus (4) Roundworm

Sol. Answer (2)

37. Ambystoma shows

38. All of them are characters of reptiles except

39. Which among the following has four-chambered heart?

40. Which among the following is an exception of possessing three-chambered heart?

42. Which among them is a living fossil?

43. Study of lizards is known as

44. Choose the correct statement.

45. Which of the following is a viviparous lizard?

46. The sound producing organ of bird is

(3) Parrot, vulture, sparrow (4) Kite, platypus, kangaroo

Sol. Answer (3)

Whale, Bat, Kangaroo are mammals and viviparous.