REPORT OF TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

“ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM”

In Partial Fulfillment of the I year II Semester Academic of B.Tech in
ECE presented and submitted by

LAVUDYA HANUMANTHU
17311A04AZ ECE-C6
ABSTRACT: Electronic Toll
Collection is a generally mature
technology that allows for
electronic payment of highway
tolls. It takes advantage of
vehicle-to-roadside
communication technologies to
perform an electronic monetary
transaction between a vehicle
passing through a toll station
and the toll agency. This system
is implemented using the
innovative technology of Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID).
Radio-frequency identification
(RFID) is a technology that uses
communication via
electromagnetic waves to
exchange data between a
terminal and an electronic tag
attached to an object, for the
purpose of identification and
tracking. Each vehicle will be
provided with an RFID tag. This
tag stores the unique ID of the
vehicle and related information.
When interrogated by a reader,
it responds with that data over a
radio frequency link. The readers
are fixed in the toll gates. So
when the vehicle comes near the
reader, the data from the tags
can be easily read by the
readers. This data is passed to
the computer and thus the cash
can be deducted from the user’s
account
INTRODUCTION
As one of the major research
topics in intelligent
transportation system(ITS)
electronic toll collection (ETC)
system is considered as an
effective method in order to
alleviate traffic congestion and
jams, enhance the convenience
and safety of travelers, and
minimize air pollution and fuel
consumption for environmental
protection need. The evolution
of communication technology
has brought ETC systems from
SLFF (Single Lane Free Flow) to
MLFF (Multi-Lane Free Flow),
and area wide integrated MLFF
road charging system is now
currently on its development.
DSRC-based ETC systems will
gradually evolve to the area
wide integrated road charging
solution based on mobile
communication technology.
Most of the current ETC
implementations are based on
the vehicle positioning system
using global positioning system
(GPS) and mobile
communication technique[2].
The current status of GPS-based
ETC system worldwide is
described as follows:
•Germany: The GPS-based ETC
system has been running on-line
for commercial truck toll-fee
collection since 2005. This
system is the only officially
operating GPS-based electronic
payment system in the world
currently.
•Hong Kong: Hong Kong has
finished VPS-based ETC field trial
project for road charging from
1997 to 2001.
•Taiwan: The studied and tested
of ETC system has been finished
in 2002, and the system will be
running at 2010.
•Switzerland: In January 2001
against the Swiss customs
territory of the IGAD-led about
more than 3.5t trucks pass tax
levy to build a Swiss truck toll
system, which is the use of GPS
to determine the location of
vehicles in Switzerland.
•Singapore: The land transport
authority of Singapore issued the
plan for the ERP system phase
3.GPS will be considered the
primary positioning tool in the
next generation ERP system and
determines a vehicle'
HISTORY
While RFID history can be traced
back to the beginnings of radio,
and earlier, it really started to
come to life when radio
technology was used to passively
identify objects.
The first experiments with radio
used in this way were conducted
by Sir Robert Watson-Watt when
he invented radar. This system
used a single transmitter receiver
which transmitted a high power
signal, and the aircraft (in the
first instances) passively
reflected a small amount of the
radio energy back which was
received by the receiver in the
radar system.
Radar only served to identify the
presence of an object, but gave
no details about it, apart from its
size. It was of particular
importance to be able to identify
an aircraft to see whether it was
"Friend or Foe." As a result
Watson-Watt went on to
develop a system known as IFF -
Identification Friend or Foe. A
transponder was placed on each
plane and when interrogated by
a ground station, it responded
with a code to identify it. This is
the basis of an RFID system.
WORKING OF ETC
SYSTEM
Electronic Toll Collection
(ETC) system in India uses
passive radio frequency
identification technology
(RFID) .
RFID tag called FASTag is
mounted on the vehicle’s
windscreen.
As the vehicle reaches the toll
plaza, a unique identification
number that is embedded on
the tag is read by road side
RFID reader.
This unique number is sent to
a central computer.
Applicable toll amount is
deducted from a prepaid
account that is linked to that
particular FASTag.
There are dedicated ETC
lanes on toll plazas to aid
faster traffic flow of vehicles
using FASTag. Vehicles can
do toll transaction without
stopping thus making the
process faster and more
efficient. This has many more
advantages like reducing
congestion at plazas, saving
fuel, reducing travel time and
so on.
Ministry of Road Transport
and Highways has aimed to
make all toll-plazas on
national highways across
India ETC enabled. This will
greatly enhance user
experience and enable fuel
saving worth Rs 86,000 crore
(.)
(image curtsey: Google
images)
TECHNOLOGY USED Electronic
toll collection systems rely on
four major components:
automated vehicle identification,
automated vehicle classification,
transaction processing, and
violation enforcement.
Automated vehicle identification
Automated vehicle identification
(AVI) is the process of
determining the identity of a
vehicle subject to tolls. The
majority of toll facilities record
the passage of vehicles through
a limited number of toll gates. At
such facilities, the task is then to
identify the vehicle in the gate
area. Some early AVI systems
used barcodes affixed to each
vehicle, to be read optically at
the toll booth. Optical systems
proved to have poor reading
reliability, especially when faced
with inclement weather and
dirty vehicles. Most current AVI
systems rely on radiofrequency
identification, where an antenna
at the toll gate communicates
with a transponder on the
vehicle via Dedicated Short
Range Communications (DSRC).
RFID tags have proved to have
excellent accuracy, and can be
read at highway speeds. Figure: -
Many ETC systems use
1.
transponders like this one to
electronically debit the accounts
of registered cars without their
stopping ELECTRONIC TOLL
COLLECTION SYSTEM
Detailed explanation:
ETC system relies onfour
majorcomponents:
automatedvehicle
identification(AVI), automated
vehicle classification (AVC),
transaction processing, and
violation enforcement.
The Electronic Toll Collection
(ETC) System is a new toll system
designed to enhance
convenience for drivers by
enabling cashless toll collection
and thus Reducing congestion at
High-way tollgates.
The Electronic Toll Collection
(ETC) System is a new toll system
designed to enhance
convenience for drivers by
enabling cashless toll collection
and thus Reducing congestion at
High-way tollgates.
APPLICATIONS
What is FASTag?
 'FASTag' is an electronic
toll collection (ETC)
programme which will
allow people to pay their
highway tolls
electronically without
needing to stop at the
toll plazas.
How does FASTag work?
 For implementing ETC
across the country, a new
company under
Company's Act,
1956, "Indian Highways
Management Company
Limited" is constituted
with objectives to collect
toll through ETC and
manage the project and
commercially provide
services of central ETC
system.
 The ministry also
informed that it has
roped in ICICI and Axis
bank to provide Central
Clearing House (CCH)
services and RFID based
FASTag through their
franchises/agents and at
sales counters/points
near the toll plazas.
 People can enroll and get
their FASTag badge
affixed on their vehicles
at designated toll tax
plaza locations or ICICI
 and Axis bank's Point of ADVANTAGES
Sale (POS) stations.
FASTag can be recharged 1.Entire process takes a matter
online and instant alerts of seconds to complete.
about usage and balance
amount on mobile. 2.Electronic system records
 The unique number of transaction, including the time,
the RFID Tag affixed on date, plaza and toll charge of
the windshield of the each vehicle.
vehicle will be read by
the readers fitted in the 3.Safe Transaction (Less chances
dedicated 'ETC' lanes of of Corruption)
plazas and appropriate
amount as per the class 4. Entire process takes a matter
of vehicle will be of seconds to complete
automatically deducted
from the account of the 5. Electronic system records
user. transaction, including the time,
 The dedicated ETC lanes date, and plaza and toll charge
will have colour coding of each vehicle.
for distinct identity
recognized as FASTag. 6. Allow drivers to pass through
 Already launched in April the system at 55 miles per hour
2012 on the 10-km (88 kph).
Himalayan Expressway.
 Recently inaugurated the
ETC on the Delhi-Mumbai
stretch of NH-8.
 Two-times toll penalty
from non-tag vehicles
that enter FASTag lanes.
DISADVANTAGES
  RFID systems are often
more expensive than
barcode systems
 RFID technology is harder
to understand REFERENCES
 Can be (debatably) less
1. Lee Wei-Hsun, Tseng
reliable
 RFID tags are usually larger Shian-Shyong, Wang Ching-
than barcode labels Hung, "design and
 Tags are application implement of electronic
specific. No one tag fits all toll collection system based
 Possibility of unauthorized on vehicle positioning
reading of passports and
system techniques",
credit cards
 More than one tag can Computer
respond at the same time Communications, vol. 31,
pp. 2925-2933, 2008.

2. Lee Wei-Hsun, Tseng

CONCLUSION
1.By the application of this Shian-Shyong, Jeng Bor-
project into real time Shenn, "Electronic Toll
malfunctions ,time wastage ,and Collection Based on
long wait on the highways can Vehicle-Positioning system
be avoided Techniques", Proc..
International Conference
2.RFID has low cost , and high
on Networking Sensing &
durability makes it suitable in
INDIA Contro Taipei, pp. 643-648,
March 2004.
3.RFID technology is the best
Show Context View Article
technology among all automated
technology. Full Text: PDF (417KB)
3. T J Murphy, "Road user
charging using satellite
positioning technology",
12th IEE International
Conference on Road
Transport Information and
Control(RTIC 2004), pp.
222-225, 2004.

View Article Full Text: PDF

(266KB)

4. Guillenno Jordan Juan,

"A comparison of different
technologies for EFC and
other ITS applications",
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