MULTITECH BUSINESS SCHOOL KAMPALA

COURSE UNIT: IT ESSENTIALS 1 PC HADWARE AND SOFTWARE REPAIR

LECTURERER: MR SSENYONJO JOHN

COUERSE CODE: BIT2201
PROGRAM: BACHELORS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
STUDENT NAME: DDIBA UMAR
REG NO: 2017/BU/2276
YEAR OF STUDY: TWO SEM TWO
SUB DATE 18/MARCH/2019
QUESTION1
i) Explain a Personal Computer System. (2mks)
A personal computer system is defined as a small, general purpose computer that is created to
be utilized by one person at a time. The size and capabilities of the computer allow it be
operated by an individual for personal purposes and can be a desktop or laptop device.
ii) What are the advantages of?
a. Aging techniques
Aging is used to gradually increase the priority of a task, based on its waiting time in the ready
queue.
Aging is used to ensure that jobs with lower priority will eventually complete their execution.
This technique can be used to reduce starvation of low priority task
b. RAG(Resource Allocation Graph)

The resource allocation graph is the complete information about all the
processes which are holding some resources or waiting for some resources.

It also contains the information about all the instances of all the resources
whether they are available or being used by the processes.

c. Process Control Block(PCB)

Can access or modified by most OS utilities including those are involved with memory,
scheduling, and input / output resource access.
It can be said that the set of the process control blocks give the information of the current state
of the operating system.
Data structuring for processes is often done in terms of process control blocks.
It allows the operating system to keep track of the jobs or processes its running.
d. Cooperating processes.
Information sharing
In the information sharing at the same time, many users may want the same piece of
information (for instance, a shared file) and we try to provide that environment in which the
users are allowed to concurrent access to these types of resources.
Computation speedup
When we want a task that our process run faster so we break it into a subtask, and each subtask
will be executing in parallel with another one. It is noticed that the speedup can be achieved
only if the computer has multiple processing elements (such as CPUs or I/O channels).
Modularity
In the modularity, we are trying to construct the system in such a modular fashion, in which the
system dividing its functions into separate processes.
Convenience
An individual user may have many tasks to perform at the same time and the user is able to do
his work like editing, printing and compiling.

e. System call in OS.

It is used in Process creation and management. This is in such a way of ending, aborting,
creating, terminating, allocating and free memory

It is used for Main memory management. Through ending high memory consuming processes.

It is use to grant permissions for File Access, Directory and File system management. This is
especially during programing where you can declare variables and then call them during use.
QUESTION 2
What are the differences between?

i) Long-term scheduler and short-term scheduler?

Long term scheduler short term scheduler

It called job scheduler it called CPU scheduler

It selects processes from the pool It selects from among the processes that are
And loads them into memory for execution ready to execute and Allocates the CPU to
one of them

It takes many minutes for loading new It takes (10-100) MS for taking the new
processes process

ii) Preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling?

Preemptive scheduling Non preemptive scheduling
The resources are allocated to a process for a Once resources are allocated to a process, the
limited time. process holds it till it completes its burst time
or switches to waiting state.
Process can be interrupted in between. Process cannot be interrupted till it
terminates or switches to waiting state.
If a high priority process frequently arrives If a process with long burst time is running
in the ready queue, low priority process may CPU, then another process with less CPU
starve. burst time may starve.
Preemptive scheduling has overheads of Non-preemptive scheduling does not have
scheduling the processes. overheads.
Preemptive scheduling is flexible. Non-preemptive scheduling is rigid.
Preemptive scheduling is cost associated. Non-preemptive scheduling is not cost
associative

iii) CPU-bound process and I/O-bound process?

CPU-bound process I/O bound
Process uses more of its time doing Process is one that spends more of its time
Computations. doing I/O Than it spends doing
computations.
The CPU-bound process infrequently I/O-bound process spends more of its time
requests I/O operations and spends more of seeking I/O operations than doing
its time performing computational work. computational work.

iv) Time sharing system and batch system?

Batch system
The user submits jobs in regular schedule to
operator.
No interaction between users and systems.
It uses by single user at time.
The design and implementation is simple
Time sharing system
On line communication
There is interaction between user and
system.
Many users simultaneously use the system
Design and implementation are complex