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BAB 3: FORMULA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA
KERTAS 1
Antara penamaan IUPAC berikut bagi sebatian Al203 yang manakah adalah betul?
A Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oksida
B Aluminium(ll) oxide
Aluminium(ll) oksida
Aluminium(lll) oksida
D Aluminium(ll) oxide(lll)
Aluminium(ll) oksida(lll)
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JUJ 2009 Soalan 4.
2. The equation below shows the balance chemical equation for reaction of nitrogen, N2 and hydrogen, H2 to
produce ammonia, NH3.
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas nitrogen, N2 dan hidrogen, H2
untuk menghasilkan ammonia,NH3
X y
A 1 1
B 1 2
C 2 3
D 3 2
3. The equation below shows the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik.
A 1 g zinc react with 2 g hydrochloric acid to produce 1 g zinc chloride and 1 g hydrogen gas
1 g zink bertindak balas dengan 2 g asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 1 g zink klorida dan 1 g gas hidrogen
B 65 g zinc react with 36.5 g hydrochloric acid to produce 136 g zinc chloride and 2 g hydrogen gas
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65 g zink bertindak balas dengan 36.5 g asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 136 g zink klorida dan 2 g gas hidrogen
C 1 mole zinc react with 2 moles hydrochloric acid to produce 1 mole zinc chloride and 1 mole hydrogen gas
1 mot zink bertindak balas dengan 2 mol asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 1 mol zink klorida dan 1 mol gas
hidrogen
D 1 zinc atom reacts with 2 hydrochloric acid molecules to produce 1 zinc chloride molecule and 1 hydrogen gas
molecule
1 atom zink bertindak balas dengan 2 molekul asid hidroklorik menghasilkan 1 molekul zink klorida dan 1
molekul gas hydrogen
4. 10 g of magnesium carbonate powder, MgC03 is reacted with 100 cm3 of 1 moldm"3 sulphuric acid, H2S04.
10 g serbuk magnesium karbonat, MgC03 bertindak balas dengan 100 cm3 asid sulfurik 1 moldm'3.
A 0.84 g
B 1.60 g
C 8.40 g
D 9.16 g
5. The equation below shows the chemical equation of the combustion of ethanol in excess oxygen.
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran etanol dalam oksigen berlebihan.
What is the volume of carbon dioxide gas released when 9.20g ethanol reacts completely?
[Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12, 0 = 16, 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition]
Berapakah isi padu gas karbon dioksida terbebas apabila 9.20 g etanol bertindak balas dengan lengkap?
[Jisim atom relatif H = 1, C = 12, 0 = 16, 1 mol of gas memenuhi 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]
A 4.8 cm3
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B 9.6 cm3
C 96.0 cm3
D 9600 cm3
JUJ 2010
6. The empirical formula of copper(ll) oxide is determined by its reaction with hydrogen. However, mixture of
hydrogen gas and air will cause explosion when lighted. Which of steps below is compulsory precautionary step?
Formula empirik bagi kuprum(ll) oksida boleh ditentukan melalui tindak balas dengan hydrogen. Bagaimanapun ,
campuran gas hydrogen dan udara akan menyebabkan letupan apabila dinyalakan. Yang manakah langkah
berjaga-jaga di bawah ini yang perlu diambil ?
A Flow hydrogen gas through apparatus for several minutes before the experiment.
Alirkan gas hidrogen melalui alat radas selama beberapa minit sebelum eksperimen.
B Stop the flow of hydrogen during the heating of copper oxide powder. Memberhentikan aliran hydrogen
semasa pemanasan serbuk kuprum(ll) oksida
C Test the presence of hydrogen gas in the combustion tube by using lighted wooden splinter during the
experiment
Uji kehadiran gas hydrogen di dalam tabung pembakaran dengan menggunakan kayu uji menyala
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Which of the following is true about the substances in diagram ? Pernyataan yang manakah benar tentang rajah
tersebut.
1 mol pepejal X mengandungi bilangan zarah yang sama dengan 1 mol cecair Y
II The mass of 1 mol of solid X is the same as the mass of 1 mol of gas
Z.
III The mass of 1 mol of solid X is more than the mass of 1 mol of liquid Y. Jisim 1 mol pepejal X lebih besar
berbanding jisim 1 mol cecair Y
IV 1 mol of solid X, 1 mol of liquid Y and 1 mol of gas contain 6.02 x 1023 particles respectively.
1 mol pepejal X, 1 mol cecair Y dan 1 mol gas masing-masing mengandungi sebanyak 6.02 x 1023 bilangan
zarah
8. The following equation represents the reaction between magnesium and chlorine gas.
Persamaan tindak balas berikut mewakili tindak balas di antara magnesium dan gas klorin
Mg + CI2 MgCl2
C 1 mol of magnesium chloride is produced from 1 mol of magnesium atoms and 1 mol of chlorine molecules
1 mol magnesium klorida dihasilkan daripada 1 mol atom magnesium dan 1 mol molekul klorin
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D 1 mol of magnesium atom reacts with 1 mol of chlorine atom to produce 3 mol of magnesium chloride
1 mol atom magnesium bertindakbalas dengan 1 mol atom klorin untuk membentuk 3 mol magnesium klorida.
The compound formed from the reaction of ions P and Q has the formula P3Q2. Which of the following equations
represents the reaction? Sebatian yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas antara ion P dan Q mempunyai formula
P3Q2■ Yang manakah daripada persamaan berikut mewakili tindak balas tersebut?
B 2P + 3Q ----> P3Q2
C 3P + 2Q —> P3Q2
10. 3.5 g of zinc reacts with excess hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. 3.5 g zink bertindak balas
dengan asid hidroklorik untuk membentuk gas hydrogen.
[Relative molecular mass: H,1;CI,35.5,Zn,65; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]
I Zn2+ + 2e —► Zn
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A I and II only C II,III, and IV only
JUJ 2012
11. Which of the following chemical equation shows the reaction between iron and bromine gas to produce
iron(III) bromide?
Antara persamactn kimia berikut. yang manakah mewakili tindak halas antara ferum dan gas bromin iinluk
menghasilkan feritm(IH) Hromida?
A Fe + 3Br — FeBr3
12. Metal M reacts with oxygen gas to form an oxide that has the formula M203. The formula of chloride ion is CI-
.What is the formula of M chloride?
Logam M bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen menthentitk satu oksida dengan formula M203. Formula bagi ion
klorida ialah CI- .Apakah formula bagi M klorida?
A MCI
B MCI2
C MCI3
D M2Cl3
13. How many times is a water molecule heavier than a hydrogen molecule?
Berapa kalikah satu molekul air lebih berat berbanding dengan satu molekul hidrogen? [Relative atomic mass:
H,1 ; O, 16 (Jisim atom relatif: H. I ; O, 16)
A2
12
B8
C9
D 18
14. The chemical equation below represents the reaction of the extraction of iron from the iron ores, Fe3O4.
Persumaan kimiu di bawah mewakili tinduk bolus pengekstrukun besi dari bijih besi. Fe3O4.
How much is the mass of iron that can be extracted from 58 g of the iron ores?
Berapakcih jisim besi yang dapat diekstrak dari 58 g bijih besi tersebut?
A 14 g B 15 g C 28 g D 42 g
15 Diagram below shows the arrangement of the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula for the
metal P oxide
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan alat radas rang digunakan unfuk menentukan formula empirik bagi
logamP oksida
A Lead(ll) oxide
Plumbum(II) oksida
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B Magnesium oxide
Magnesium oksida
C Sodium oxide
Natrium Oksida
D Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oksida
16. The equation below shows the reaction between magnesium and sulphuric acid.
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antaru magnesium dan asid sulfureik.
D 2 mol hydrogen gas are produced when one mol sulphuric acid reacts completely with excess magnesium.
2 mol gas hydrogen dihasilkan apabila I mol asid sulfurik bertindak balas lengkap dengan magnesium
berlebihan.
17. When ethene gas is flow through bromine water, an addition reaction occurs based on chemical equations
below:
Apabila gas elena dialirkan kc da/am air bromin, tindak hulas penamhahan berlaku berdasarkan persamaan
kimia di bawah:
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C2H4 + Br2 -»C2H4Br2
In an experiment, 1200 cm3 of ethene gas reacted with excess bromine water in the room condition.
Dalam satu cksperimen. 1200 cm3 gas etena telah bertindak balas dengan air bromin berlebihan pada keadaan
hilik.
[Relative atomic mass: C=12, H=l, Br=80; 1 mol gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room condition]
/Jisim atom rclalif: C=12, H=1, Br=80; 1 mol gas menempati isipadu 24 dm3pada suhu bilik
A 4.7 g
B 9.4 g
C 14.1 g
D 18.8 g
bcrlebihan.
Which of the following products are obtained when 0.5 mole of butanol undergoes complete combustion?
Antara bahan tindak balas berikut yang manakah terhasil apabila 0.5 mol butanol terbakar dengan lengkap?
[1 mol of gas occupies a volume of 24 dm ' at room conditions; Avogadro constant : 6.0 x 1023 mol"1 ]
/ mol gas menepati 24dm3 pada kcadaan bilik: Pemalar Avogadro: 6.0 x 1023mol-1
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IV 1.6x1024 molecule water
B land IVonly
D I, 11,111 and IV
20. The following chemical equation shows the reaction between iron and chlorine.
Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara ferum dan klorin.
1.12 g of iron burns completely in chlorine. What is the mass of the product?
1.12 g ferum terbakar lengkap dalam klorin. Berapakah jisim hasil tindak balas itu?
A 0.38 g B 3.25 g
C 4.88 g D 6.50 g
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SPM 2009 Soalan 43
21. What is the minimum mass of zinc required to react with excess dilute nitric acid to produce 240 cm 3 of
hydrogen at room conditions?
[Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mor1 at room conditions; Relative atomic mass: Zn = 65]
Berapakah jisim minimum zink yang diperlukan untuk bertindak balas dengan asid nitrik cair yang berlebihan
untuk menghasilkan 240 cm3 hidrogen pada keadaan bilik?
[Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik; Jisim atom relatif: Zn = 65]
A 0.33 g
B 0.65 g
C 1.30 g
D 6.50 g
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SPM 2010 Soalan 8
23. The following equation shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H202.
What is the volume of oxygen gas, 02 produced from the decomposition of 500 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 hydrogen
peroxide at standard temperature and pressure (STP)?
(Molar volume of gas at STP = 22.4 dm3 mo-1] Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penguraian bagi hidrogen
peroksida, H202.
Berapakah isi padu gas oksigen, 02 terhasil daripada penguraian 500 cm3 hidrogen peroksida 2 mol dm 3 pada
suhu dan tekanan piawai (STP)? [Isi padu molar gas pada STP = 22.4 dm3 mol-1]
24. A sample of iron oxide contains 5.6 g of iron and 2.4 g of oxygen.What is the empirical formula of this
compound?
Suatu sampel ferum oksida mengandungi 5.6 g ferum dan 2.4 g oksigen.Apakah formula empirik bagi sebatian
ini?
A Fe3O4 B Fe2O3
C FeO2 D FeO
25. An oxide of element X has the empirical formula of X2O3. 2.24 g of element X reacts completely with 0.96 g of
oxygen.
Suatu oksida bagi unsur X mempunyai formula empirik X2O3. 2.24 g unsur X bertindak balas lengkap dengan
0.96 g oksigen.
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[Jisim atom relatif: O = 16]
A 112 C 25
B 56 D 17
26. Ammonium sulphate is used as a fertiliser.What is the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium
sulphate?
Ammonium sulfat digunakan sebagai baja. Berapakah peratusan nitrogen mengikut jisim dalam ammonium
sulfat?
A 10.6% C 13.3%
B 12.3% D 21.2%
27. The formula for a sulphate ion is S042- and for a nitrate is N03-.If the formula of the sulphate salt of M is
MS04, what is the formula of the nitrate salt of M?
Formula bagi ion sulfat adalah S042- dan ion nitrat adalah NO3-.Jika formula garam sulfat bagi M ialah MSO4,
apakah formula garam nitrat bagi M?
A MNO3
B M2NO3
C M(NO3)2
D M(NO3)3
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KERTAS 2
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Diagram 2 shows set-up of the apparatus for an experiment when 5 g of zinc carbonate powder is heated
strongly. Solid Y which is yellow in colour when hot and white in colour when cooled and the colourless gas Z are
produced.
1. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen apabila 5 g serbuk zink karbonat dipanaskan
dengan kuat. Pepejal Y yang berwarna kuning semasa panas dan putih semasa sejuk serta gas tanpa warna Z
terhasil.
Namakan gas Z.
(ii) State the observation when gas Z passed through the limewater.
[2 marks] [2 markah]
Namakan pepejal Y.
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment above.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam eksperimen di
[2 marks] [2 markah]
(d) Calculate:
Kirakan:
(i) the number of moles of zinc carbonate used. [Relative formula mass of zinc carbonate = 125] Bilangan mol
zink karbonat yang digunakan. [Jisim formula relatif bagi zink karbonat = 125]
[1 mark] [1 markah]
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[2 marks] [2 markah]
(iii) the number of molecules in carbon dioxide gas [Avogadro's constant = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]
Bilangan molekul di dalam gas karbon dioksida [Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]
[1 mark] [1 markah]
2. An experiment is carried out by heating 3.10 g of copper (II) carbonate. The green solid of copper(ll) carbonate
decomposes to form 2.40 g black solid and a colourless gas.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan dengan memanaskan 3.10 g kuprum (II) karbonat. Pepejal hijau kuprum(ll) karbonat
terurai membentuk 2.40 g pepejal hitam dan gas tak berwarna.
Pepejal hitam
[2 marks]
Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti gas tak berwarna itu .
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
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(d) Calculate the number of moles of copper(ll) carbonate used.
[2 marks]
(1 mark)
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3.
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(iii) Determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide.
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(c) (i) Why is hydrogen gas passed through the combustion tube after heating has stopped?
Mengapakah gas hidrogen dialirkan melalui tiub pembakaran selepas pemanasan tamat?
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(ii) State how to determine that the reaction between copper(II) oxide with hydrogen has completed.
Nyatakan bagaimana untuk menentukan bahawa tindak balas yang berlaku antara kuprum(II) oksida dengan
hidrogen telah lengkap.
[1 mark] 11 markah]
(d) (i) State why the empirical formula of magnesium oxide cannot be determined by using the same technique.
Nyatakan mengapaformula empirik bagi magnesium oksida tidak dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik
yang sama.
(1mark)(1markah)
(ii) State the name of another metal oxide whose empirical formula can be determined with the same technique.
Nyatakan nama suatu logam oksida lain yang formula empiriknya boleh ditentukan menggunakan teknik yang
sama.
(1 mark)
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