SMART INK PEN

A DESIGN PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
CH.MAHITHA (17113044)

N.PRASANNAKUMAR (17113045)

M. VINAY KUMAR (17113048)

Under the guidance of

Mr. S. K. SHANKAR, ASST. PROFESSOR

&

Dr. S. SATHYA LAKSHMI , PROFESSOR

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

APRIL 2019
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Design project report “SMART INK PEN”is the bonafide
work of CH. MAHITHA ( 17113044) N. PRASANNAKUMAR (17113045)
M. VINAY KUMAR (17113048) who carried out the Design project work under
our supervision during the academic year 2018-19.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

MENTOR MENTOR

Mr. S. K. SHANKAR Dr. S. SATHYA LAKSHMI

ASST. PROFESSOR PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF CSE DEPARTMENT OF CSE

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Name: _____________________Name:______________________

Designation:_________________Designation:_____________________

Project Viva - voce conducted on ___________

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We thank Dr. Rajeshwari Mukesh, Head of the Department of Computer

Science & Engineering for her strong support and encouragement throughout
our course of study.

We express deep gratitude to our Mentors MR.S.K.SHANKAR,

ASST.PROFESSOR and DR.S.SATHYALAKSHMI PROFESSOR Department of
Computer Science & Engineering for their constant guidance and continued
assistance in completion of this design project.

We thank all the Faculty members and Technical staff of Department of

Computer Science and engineering for their valuable support and suggestions at
various stages of design project development.

We are extremely indebted to our family members for their adorable

support and care.

CH. MAHITHA (17113044)

N. PRASANNAKUMAR (17113045)

M. VINAY KUMAR (17113048)

 TABLE OF ONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

Abstract vi

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Overview 1

1.2 Other related topics or terms that need to be introduced 2

1.3 Motivation 3

1.4 Problem Definition 4

1.5 Goals and Objectives

1.6 Scope and Applications

1.7 Organization of the report < briefly explains all the chapters
and their focus>

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Review Details

< It contains all the existing works that have already been carried out
in the field related to your project topic. You have to explain each of
the works as a separate subtopic with following details.

•What is the work?

•How is it done? : Methods, techniques, technology, algorithms, any

new innovations etc (details in brief)

•Its importance or applications

 •Find out the drawback or limitations if any

•Criticize the work (on its drawbacks or incompleteness)

Link these criticisms on the existing works to the “

Motivation ” in chapter 1 behind the reason for selecting this

project. You may also include other motivation factors also

2.3 –

2.4 Summary

3 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

3.1 Project Requirement

3.1.1 Software requirement

3.1.2 Hardware requirement

3.2 Feasibility Study

4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

4.1 Block digram/System Architecture / Circuit diagram

(Explain all the building blocks of your system in detail
along with the adopted methodology/algorithm etc. in
different subtopics)

4.1.1 --

4.1.2 ----

4.1.3 ---

4.2 ER Diagram (if applicable)

5. IMPLEMENTATION

7.1 -----

7.2 -----
6. CONCLUSION& FUTURE WORK 29

7.1 ---- 29

7.2 ------ 30

REFERENCES 31

APPENDIX 1 Sample Coding

APPENDIX 2 Sample Screens

APPENDIX C Certificate (Competition/ Paper

Presentation, etc. )
 ABSTRACT

Smart ink pen is a helpful product that satisfies the needs of the people in
today’s technologies and fast life. Ink Pens require refilling with ink or use of ink cartridges.
Most of the Managers, Academic Directors, CEO s they will of the use ink pen only. The
disadvantage ink pen is we don’t know when the ink is getting over.

The solution for the problem is we are using sensor called liquid level controller
sensor. In the beginning we will join two diode which is uncharged and the printed circuit board
rises. We will connect the liquid detecting PLB to the project with hook up wire and lower the
Board into a liquid and you can see the LED illuminate from that three levels. (High, Medium,
Low) when the ink is getting over we will get the signal by LED
4. SYSTEM DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This project uses a quad op-amp and the 4 separate amplifier “blocks” are used
different configurations to produce amplifiers to control LEDS (2) , a buffer transistor (1) and
produce an oscillator(1).

The circuit starts with an oscillator using pins 1,2, and 3.

Pin 2 is initially connected to 0v because the 22n is uncharged and pin 3 sees a
voltage that makes the output rise to about rail voltage. The voltage on pin 3 has a voltage
divider arrangement so that the voltage on this pin will never rise above pin2 so that when pin
1 goes HIGH, its voltage is passes to in 2 via a 47k resistor.

Pin 2 takes a short period of time to rise due to the 22n capacitor charging and
this produces the frequency of the circuit, but when it rises above pin3, the voltage on pin 1
drops and this means pin 2 has the effect of lowering the output voltage.

This continues until the output voltage reaches zero, and the voltage on pin 2
gradually drops as the 22n discharges.
 Eventually the voltage on pin 2 drops below that on pin 3 and the output goes
HIGH again to repeat the cycle.

The output is a square-wave of about 700Hz.

This waveform is passes to one of the long conductors on the water detection
Printed Circuit Board via a 100n capacitor.

The capacitor only allows an AC wave from to appear on the water sensor and
this means the sensor will not allow the copper track to be “eaten.” This damage is not due to
the salts in the water but a process called ELECTROLYSIS where the DC gradually eats away
the copper strip by transferring the copper atoms from one track to another.

The water detector PCB consists of JUST two detection-points. 5 of the “lands”
are not used and we have simplified the board in the image to show which tracks are used in
the project.

Here is the board:

Here is a simplified version of the board and details of the levels it detects:

When the water level is BELOW the board, the red LED on the project is
illuminated. This is the LOW LEVEL and the relay is no activated.
 When the water rises and makes contact with the two outer long tracks, the green
LED illuminates. This is the MEDIUM LEVEl.

When the water rises and makes contact with the short top track and the long
track that you have connected to pin 1 of the IC (via C3), the yellow LED illumintes and the
relay is activated. The first red LED is also turned ON.

This is the HIGH LEVEL.

Only one LED is illuminated at a time. The circuit is very clever by turning off
the other LED s when the highest LED is illuminated. Water is a conductor and although it
may have a resistance of about 100k between the conductors on the water detection PCB, a
percentage of the signal will be transferred from the oscillator to another op-amp stage where
the signal is delivered to a section we call a DIODE PUMP.

The signal is oscillating and it is called an AC signal. It must have an amplitude

above 0.7v is lost to activate the op-amp.

At the beginning, the capacitor connected to the join of the two diodes is uncharged and
the signal received by the conductor on the water PCB rises. This rise will pass through the top
diode and appear on the inverting input of the op-amp to make the output go LOW. At the same
time it will charge the 100n on this input a small amount.

The 100n capacitor connected to the join of the two diodes will aloes charge
slightly during this times and when the waveform drops from a HIGH to a LOW, the capacitor
will be discharged by the lower diode, so it can “do its Job” on the next cycle. If the capacitor
was not discharged, it will charge fully and not be able to transfer a signal. This allows it to
pass a signal to the input of the op-amp on the second and future cylces and gradually charge
the 100n across the 1M.
 This arrangement is called a diode pump.

The Main PCB with all the components fitted. C8 not needed.

All the resistors are 1%

Here are the colours:

220 ohm - red-red-black-black-brown.

680 ohm - blue-grey-black-black-brown

2,200 ohm - red-red-black-brown-brown

4,700 ohm - yellow-purple- black-brown-brown

10k - brown-black-black-red-brown

47k - yellow-purple-black-red-brown

100k - brown-black-black-orange-brown

1M - brown-black-black-yellow-brown

SETTING UP

Connect the Liquid detecting PCB to the project with hook-up wire and lower
the board into a Liquid

You will see the LED illuminate to turn.

You can now make your own Liquid level controller detecting sensor with the
HIGH and LOW levels to suit your requirement .

DRIVING A RELAY
 This project drives a relay. But one of the tracks on the PCB is very close to the
rest of the tracks and does not have 240 v separation. You need to make this gap much wider
to ensure a fault does not occur. If the voltage “flashes over” the project will come “LIVE” and
the whole water tank will be a DEATH TRAP.

PCB ( Printed circuit Board)

Printed Circuit Board Test point is a location on electronic circuits that are used
to monitor the state of the circuitry or to inject test signals.

A capacitance test will test for opens and shorts by sending a charge on the net
to measured the induced capacity and the resistance as the current flows through a conductor.

DIODE PUMP

Diode pump can be used to switch on a drives transistors or to give in digital or

analog circuits for DC

LED
LED is a semiconductor device when an electric current passes through it.
5. IMPLEMENTATION
This project uses a quad op-amp and the 4 separate amplifier “blocks” are used different
configurations to produce amplifiers to control LEDS (2) , a buffer transistor (1) and produce
an oscillator(1).

The circuit starts with an oscillator using pins 1,2, and 3.

 Pin 2 is initially connected to 0v because the 22n is uncharged and pin 3 sees a
voltage that makes the output rise to about rail voltage. The voltage on pin 3 has a voltage
divider arrangement so that the voltage on this pin will never rise above pin2 so that when pin
1 goes HIGH, its voltage is passes to in 2 via a 47k resistor.

Pin 2 takes a short period of time to rise due to the 22n capacitor charging and
this produces the frequency of the circuit, but when it rises above pin3, the voltage on pin 1
drops and this means pin 2 has the effect of lowering the output voltage.

This continues until the output voltage reaches zero, and the voltage on pin 2
gradually drops as the 22n discharges.

Eventually the voltage on pin 2 drops below that on pin 3 and the output goes
HIGH again to repeat the cycle.

The output is a square-wave of about 700Hz.

This waveform is passes to one of the long conductors on the water detection
Printed Circuit Board via a 100n capacitor.

The capacitor only allows an AC wave from to appear on the water sensor and
this means the sensor will not allow the copper track to be “eaten.” This damage is not due to
the salts in the water but a process called ELECTROLYSIS where the DC gradually eats away
the copper strip by transferring the copper atoms from one track to another.

The water detector PCB consists of JUST two detection-points. 5 of the “lands”
are not used and we have simplified the board in the image to show which tracks are used in
the project.

Here is the board:

Here is a simplified version of the board and details of the levels it detects:

When the water level is BELOW the board, the red LED on the project is
illuminated. This is the LOW LEVEL and the relay is no activated.

When the water rises and makes contact with the two outer long tracks, the green
LED illuminates. This is the MEDIUM LEVEl.

When the water rises and makes contact with the short top track and the long
track that you have connected to pin 1 of the IC (via C3), the yellow LED illumintes and the
relay is activated. The first red LED is also turned ON.

This is the HIGH LEVEL.

Only one LED is illuminated at a time. The circuit is very clever by turning off
the other LED s when the highest LED is illuminated. Water is a conductor and although it
may have a resistance of about 100k between the conductors on the water detection PCB, a
percentage of the signal will be transferred from the oscillator to another op-amp stage where
the signal is delivered to a section we call a DIODE PUMP.

The signal is oscillating and it is called an AC signal. It must have an amplitude

above 0.7v is lost to activate the op-amp.

At the beginning, the capacitor connected to the join of the two diodes is
uncharged and the signal received by the conductor on the water PCB rises. This rise will pass
through the top diode and appear on the inverting input of the op-amp to make the output go
LOW. At the same time it will charge the 100n on this input a small amount.

The 100n capacitor connected to the join of the two diodes will aloes charge
slightly during this times and when the waveform drops from a HIGH to a LOW, the capacitor
will be discharged by the lower diode, so it can “do its Job” on the next cycle. If the capacitor
was not discharged, it will charge fully and not be able to transfer a signal. This allows it to
pass a signal to the input of the op-amp on the second and future cylces and gradually charge
the 100n across the 1M.
6. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK
Smart ink pen is a promising application made by the use of liquid level
controller sensor. It can be used in some other conducting liquid also for finding the levels of
that liquid due to the high cost of open data technologies we cannot easily implement system
that enable and have to use it in similar way. This is only a example for starting a new
technology we can except more such developments in the future. It seems that information
terminals are infinetly getting smaller.

This project shows you the level indication of the ink.

APPENDIX 1
SAMPLE SCREENS
APPENDIX 2

CERTIFICATE