Olefins:-

Olefin, also known as polypropylene or polyethylene, is a long-chain polymer synthetic

fiber. It is created when ethylene and/or propylene gases are polymerized under very
specific conditions. Olefin was first manufactured in the late 1950s, and has a myriad of
applications in manufacturing, household products and clothing. Use of olefin has
steadily increased since the 1960s, and continues to gain in popularity every year as
new uses for this easy, durable material are found. There are a few application of olefins
mentioned below.

• Reversible and irreversible processing of biogenic olefins on acidic aerosols

• Cationic Olefin Polyannulations: History and Application to Steroid and Other
Fused Polycyclic Syntheses
• Electrochemical process for converting olefins to ketones
• Industrial applications of olefin metathesis
• UOP Indirect Alkylation (InAlkTM) Process Mixed Olefins Application
• Application of Olefin Cross Metathesis in Natural Product Syntheses
• Desymmetrization of 7-azabicycloalkenes by tandem olefin metathesis for the
preparation of natural product scaffolds
• Metallocene Plastomer Based Thermoplastic Olefin Compounds Designed For
Roof Membrane Applications
• Catalytic Transformation of Seed Oil Derivatives via Olefin Metathesis

Ethene:-
Ethene is used to prepare lots of different things.

• Ethene is used in the production of ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol) which is

used as an automotive antifreeze agent and as a precursor to polymers.
• Used in the production of polymers such as polyethylene (Polythene), polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), polyester, and polystyrene. Low-density polyethylene and
linear low-density polyethylene are used in food and non-food packaging,
sandwich bags, cling wrap, liners for tanks and ponds, shrink and stretch film,
squeeze bottles, and as moisture barriers in construction.
• Used in the production of ethanol (industrial Alcohol), which is used as a
organic solvent or in the manufacture of several chemical intermediates.
• Ethene derivative vinyl acetate monomer is used in adhesives, paper coatings,
paints, and barrier resins.
• Used in the production of production of Styrene and styrene is polymerized to
form polystyrene, which is used as synthetic rubbers.
• As a general anesthetic.
• Ethylene is also used to ripen fruit, as a welding gas, and has many more everyday
applications.

Propene:-
The principal uses of propene are to produce:

• poly(propene) (polypropylene)
• propenal (acrolein) which is oxidized to propenoic acid (acrylic acid) which, in
turn, is used to make acrylic polymers
• propenonitrile (acrylonitrile) which is the monomer for poly(propenonitrile)
• cumene ((1-methylethyl)benzene or isopropylbenzene) which is then used to
make phenol and propanone (acetone)
• epoxypropane (propylene oxide) which is used to make diols for the manufacture
of polyurethanes and solvent
• butanal (butrylaldehyde) and hence butanol, used as a solvent for surface
coatings
• As a component in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins .

Coke:-
Petroleum coke is a byproduct of the oil refinery industry. Petroleum coke refers to all
types of carbonaceous solids obtained in petroleum processing, which includes green or
raw, calcined and needle petroleum coke. Petroleum coke is used in many applications,
including electrodes and anodes. It is also used as a fuel in the metal and brick industries.

• Petroleum coke is a material relatively low in cost and high in heat value and
carbon content with good chemical stability, making it an efficient and cost-
effective fuel for producing metal, brick and related products. Because it is mostly
elemental carbon, it burns without contaminating materials its heating.
• Graphite can be produced from low-sulfur needle petroleum coke, which must be
heated above 5,432 degrees Fahrenheit. Graphite is used in the production of
electrodes for electric arc furnaces used in the steel-making industry. The
performance of these electrodes depends on the quality and purity of the
petroleum coke used. Graphite electrodes are highly demanded in the steel-
making industry, because of their low coefficient of thermal expansion, which is
related to the capacity of resisting high temperatures.