Biology Honors midterm review

2. 1.state the problem. 2. form a hypothesis. 3. set up a controlled experiment. 4. record

and analyze data. 5. draw a conclusion

3. A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between

the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

4. Light microscopes are used to study specimens of dead organisms or their parts, study
live cells and electron microscopes are used study smaller objects with the use of
electrons and focusing them.

5. The first organic compound is the carbohydrate. They are made out of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen called monosaccharide in a 1:2:3 ratio. Lipids are made out of
carbon and hydrogen atoms. Nucleic acids are made out of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
carbon, and phosphorus. They are made up of monomers called nucleotides that have a 5
carbon sugar, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. Proteins are made up of amino
acids that have nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

6. Subunits of proteins are amino acids and the subunits of nucleic acids are the
nucleotide.

8. The characteristics of living things are:

1. Living things are made up of units called cells
2. Living things reproduce
3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code
4. Living things grow and develop.
5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy.
6. Living things respond to their environment
7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment.
8. They evolve

10. A kilometer is 1000 times more than a meter. A centimeter is 1- one hundredth of a
meter. A millimeter is one thousandth of a meter.

11. An ion is an atom that is charged. To create a positively charged ion, you take away a
electron. To create a negatively charged ion, you take away a proton.

12. Water is polar, it expands as it freezes, made up of hydrogen and oxygen and is liquid
at room temperature.

14. Enzymes act as biological catalysts which means that they speed up reactions in your
body.
18. Prokaryotes are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotes. They have a cell
membrane and cytoplasm but not a nucleus. Examples of these are bacteria such as
staphylococcus aureus.

19. The cell theory states that living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units
of structure and function in living things and new cells are produced from existing cells.

21. Robert Hooke called cells, cells.

22. 3 differences in organelles of plant cells vs animal cells are that plant cells have a cell
wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole.

27. Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food an example are plants.
Heterotrophs are organisms that get their own food, and example is humans.