A.

Title : sintesis heksaamin kobalt(III) klorida

B. Objectives : Learn how to manufacture calcium sulphate of limestone.
C. Literature Review

Compound complex compound is formed through coordination bond (covalent bond

kooordinasi) between the central atom or ion with the ligand (protective force). Compound
complex was first discovered by Tassert (1798) is CoCl 3.6 NH3. tassert considers the different
compounds and a bit odd because of 2 stable compounds that valensinya is already saturated, and
it is understood the new 100 years after Tassert find the compound (Cotton, 1989). Kooordinasi
bond is a bond between two electrons as Covalent bonds, but both electrons come from the lewis
bases or ligands that have an electron not paired. Metal ion itself acts as a lewis acid or electron
deficient species on empty orbitals that can be used to bind (Sutchliffe & Pass, 1974).
Complex ion is a metal ion ligand molecules that attack through the coordination of
Covalent bonds. An ionic or molecular compound consists of one atom or ion Center as well as
several ligands bound tightly and stable seemed to follow a certain stokiometri although this can
not be explained or interpreted within the scope of the concept of valence. The central atom is
marked by a number of coordination, which is a round number that indicates the number of
ligands (monodentate) who can form stable complexes with one central atom. Coordination
coordination is an ORB that States the amount of room available around the central atom or ion
that can be inhabited by one ligand (Svehla, 1979). Based on valensinya bonding, bonding on a
complex ion occurs due to the overlap between orbitals of the ligands form a molecule or ion that
has a free electron pair with ions that are still empty (Syarifudin, 1994). Complex ions can be
formed from transition metal ion complex and cannot be broken down into ions constituting. Ion
complex consists of the central atom and ligands attached to the central atom through the
coordination bond (Mulyono, 2005).
Blomstard and Jorgensen is the person who first proposed the theory about the structure
of coordination compounds. They both assume the metal ion can only form a valence bond from
the ions up to feel comfortable, and they developed a theory about the structure of "the chain" for
compound hex ammine cobalt (III) chloride, where cobalt alone produced three bond and is now
referred to as ligand-linked into the chain. Its structure is: (Joseph, 1982)

NH3―Cl

Co―NH3―NH3―NH3―NH3―Cl

NH3―Cl
Ammonia chloride ligands and ligands from complex [Co (NH3) 6] Cl3 using ion pair of
electrons and forms a bond with the cobalt cations. Cobalt ions have a charge of 3 +, chloride ion
and ammonia-1 neutral, therefore, [Co (NH3) 6] has a charge of 3 + and [Co (NH3) 5Cl] has a
charge of 2 +. Of the complex cations can crystallize and form hydrochloric salt (Arwana, 2017).
D. Methods

1. Experimental Tools and Materials

Table Tools
1.

No. Nama alat Gambar alat Fungsi Kategori

1. Gelas kimia Sebagai wadah untuk 1
aquadest selama
proses pemanasan

2. Gelas ukur Untuk mengukur 1

volume larutan

5. Labu Sebagai tempat untuk 1

erlenmeyer mereaksikan larutan
NH3 dan Cu

8. Pipet tetes Untuk mengambil 1

larutan HNO3 dalam
jumlah sedikit

9. Penangas listrik Untuk memanaskan 2

aquadest

10 Corong buchner

11 Oven Used to dry 2

deposition
 Is used to identify
Filter paper the formation of I
SO2 gas

1.1. Table of Materials

No Material Name Category Physical Properties Chemical Properties

1.
Sulfuric acid Special - Clear liquid - Is a strong acid
(H2SO4) - Freezing point of 10 - Corrosive
0C - Has a very large
- Boiling point of 330 affinity for water
0C - Very reactive
- Is a divalent acid
- Obtained from the
reaction of SO3 with
water
2.
Chloride Acid Special - Crystal - Is a base solution
(HCl) - Colored white - Inorganic Solution -
- Lebur Point: 78 ° C Analytical Reagent -
- Density: at a Reagent in Sugar
temperature of 20 ° C Purification
2.13 kg / L - non-toxic
- No smell
3.
Aquades General - colorless clear liquid - polar solvents
(H2O) - boiling point of 1000 - is an H + ion, which
C is associated with OH
- freezing 00 C (273.15
K)
10. Ammonia - The sharp- - Easily soluble in water Special
(NH3) smelling - Easy melting
- Melting - Corrosive in nature on
point -77,73 the copper and Tin
 ºC
- Boiling point
-33,34 ºC
- Molar mass
17,0306
g/mol

1. Experimental Work Scheme

Start

1. Larutkan ammonium klorida (1,2 gr, 2.2 mmol) ke dalam 3 ml aquadest

2. Panaskan hingga hamper mendidih
3. Tambahkan kobalt(II) klorida heksahidrat (1,8 gr, 7.5 mmol) kedalam campuran di
atas
4. Masukkan campuran kedalam labu Erlenmeyer yang berisi 0,2 gr arang aktif.
5. Dinginkan labu yang berisi campuran dengan air mengalir
6. Tambahkan 4.5 ml larutan ammonia (20% v/v) dan dinginkan campuran sampai +
100c
7. Tambahkan 2.4 ml, hydrogen peroksida (30% v/v) secara perlahan menggunakan
pipet tetes (labu digoyang secara perlahan saat penambahan H2O2)
8. Panaskan larutan dalam gelas kimia yang berisi air pada suhu 50-600c sampai
warna merah muda larutan menghilang (+ 20 menit)
9. Dinginkan larutan dalam menggunakan es dan saring menggunakan corong
Buchner
10. Pindahkan residu kedalam 15 ml larutan mendidih asam klorida 0.5 ml
11. Panaskan larutan sambil mengaduk hingga larutan mendidih dan saring
menggunakan corong Buchner
12. Saring endapan dan panaskan produk pada 1100c selama 1 jam.
Finish
G. Pembahasan

In this experiment an experiment was made to synthesize complex compounds [Co (NH3) 6]
Cl3, this experiment aims to determine the synthesis crystals of complex compounds [Co (NH3)
6] Cl3. The method used in this lab is mixing, heating, filtering, cooling, and drying.

In the first treatment, mixing both NH4Cl compounds and compounds [Co (H2O) 6] Cl3 in this
treatment changes color, from clear to dark purple. At the same time activated charcoal is added,
for this activated charcoal to function as a catalyst to facilitate the process of forming bonds
between NH4 and Co. then by adding H2O2 solution the purpose of adding this solution is to
convert the cobalt from Co2 + to Co3 +. Put the Erlenmeyer flask into a beaker containing hot
water, the purpose of this solution is heated to speed up the reaction, and from this heating
process produces a brownish-red solution and the activated charcoal does not dissolve
completely.
Then the solution is cooled in cold water then filtered using filter paper so that the
filtrate and residue can separate completely, Next treatment, by adding HCl solution in a boiling
state, the purpose of heating this HCl solution so that the mixture of HCl and residue can take
place quickly and can bind activated charcoal contained in the residue produced. After mixing
with HCl solution then filtering was carried out to obtain Crystals from the synthesis of
Hexaaminacobalt (III) chloride by silencing the filtrate from the mixture for 24 hours.

With the overall reaction from the synthesis of these complex compounds are as follows:

Pada praktikum ini dilakukan percobaan sintesis senyawa kompleks [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, percobaan
ini bertujuan untuk menentukan Kristal sintesis senyawa kompleks [Co(NH3)6]Cl3,. Metode yang
digunakan dalam praktikum ini adalah pencampuran, pemanasan, penyaringan, pendinginan,
serta pengeringan.
Pada perlakuan pertama yaitu mencampurkan kedua senyawa NH4Cl dan senyawa
[Co(H2O)6]Cl3 pada perlakuan ini terjadi perubahan warna yakni dari bening ke warna ungu tua.
Pada saat yang bersamaan ditambahkan arang aktif, untuk arang aktif ini berfungsi sebagai
katalisator untuk mempermudah proses pembentukan ikatan antara NH4 dan Co. selanjutnya
dengan menambahkan larutan H2O2 tujuan dari penambahan larutan ini adalah untuk mengubah
cobalt dari Co2+ menjadi Co3+. Diletakkan labu Erlenmeyer kedalam gelas kimia yang berisi air
panas, tujuan larutan ini dipanaskan adalah untuk mempercepat reaksi, dan dari proses
pemanasan ini menghasilkan larutan berwarna merah kecokelatan dan arang aktif tidak larut
sempurna.
Kemudian didinginkan larutan pada air dingin lalu disaring dengan menggunakan kertas
saring agar filtrat dan residu dapat berpisah dengan sempurna, Perlakuan selanjutnya, dengan
menambahkan larutan HCl dalam keadaan mendidih, tujuan dari pemanasan larutan HCl ini agar
campuran HCl dan residu dapat berlangsung dengan cepat dan dapat mengikat arang aktif yang
terdapat pada residu yang dihasilkan. Setelah dilakukan pencampuran dengan larutan HCl
kemudian dilakukan penyaringan untuk memperoleh Kristal dari sintesis Heksaaminacobalt(III)
klorida dengan cara mendiamkan filtrate dari campuran tersebut selama 24 jam.

Dengan reaksi keseluruhan dari sintesis senyawa kompleks ini adalah sebagai berikut: