2.2.

Kerangka Pemikiran

Patient Factors :

 Knowledge
 Involvement incare
 Belief/expectation

Clinical Factors :
Nurse :
 Knowledge
 Belief/ Culture
 Time Constraits
 Experience Improved Pain
Pain Management Practice
Management

Organization Factors :

 Police/ procedure
 Staff/Other Resources
 Struktur

External Factors :

 Regulatory/quality
oversights bodies
 Society beliefs
 Health care payment
 Media Influence
 CKerangka Pemikiran

Individual Factors :

 Umur
 Jenis Kelamin
 Pendidikan
 Status Perkawinan
 Masa Kerja

Patient Factors :
patient-related barriers

 Pengetahuan
 Keterlibatan dalam
perawatan
 Persepsi

Clinician Factors :
nurse-related barriers

 Pengetahuan Pain Management Practice

Physician Factors :
physician-related barriers

 Sikap
 Persepsi
 Motivasi

Organization Factors :
system-related barriers

 Kebijakan/Prosedur/Ke
pemimpinan
 Imbalan
 Desain Pekerjaan

(Gimbler-Berglund et al., 2008; Twycross and Collins, 2011)