UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY

POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION— BEE 6A

B.E. Electrical with specialization in Electronics

Semester: SPRING— 2018

Teacher Name: Dr. Haroon Rasheed

Lab Engineer: Engr. Ayyaz Hussain

Abdul Hinan
Enrollment No.: 02-133152-004
Owais Ahmed Khalid
Enrollment No.: 02-133152-104
Aziz-ur-Rehman
Enrollment No.: 02-133152-020

Adan Baig
Enrollment No.: 02-133152-008
ABSTRACT

The gap between electric power generation and demand increases day by day owing to the
exponential growth of power consumption. Eventually the power holidays and load shedding
have become unavoidable in developing countries like ours. Power interruption leading to
various devastations has been experienced and is proven to be a threat to power consumers
especially in large industries. Losses in terms of life, finance and productivity are the most
common aftermath of power interruption. Hence, a smart power backup and protection system
has been developed. It is known as Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) that provides
solutions for the power supply interruptions.

I
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. PAGE NO.

Abstract I

Contents II

List of Figures III

Acknowledgment IV

List of Components V

Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction to Project 1

1.2 Applications 1

2. Working 2

2.1 Working Principle 2

2.2 Working of project 2

2.2 Block diagram/flow diagram of project 3

3. Hardware Implementation 4

3.1 Circuit diagram 4

3.2 Description of above process 4

4. Results 5

5. Conclusions and Recommendations 6

6. Reference 7

II
List of Figures
Online UPS/Standby UPS– Page 2

Basic structure of UPS – Page 3

Basic structure of Transformer – Page 7

Basic structure of PCB – Page 7

 III
Acknowledgement
It is our honor and privilege to have been Electrical Engineering Students under the guidance
of Engr. Ayyaz Hussain whose analytical abilities and personal touch have prompted us to
express deep sense of gratitude for him. In addition to being a formal guide his sympathetic
and practical approach towards any issue has really inspired us a lot. We are thankful to him
for his constant guidance in research or any other personal matter during the entire course of
this study.

We would like to express our gratitude to the management of BUKC for providing us a
conductive work atmosphere. We would like to extend our gratitude to Head of Department
and all faculty of Electrical Department of BUKC for their kind support and guidance.

Last but not the least; we are grateful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY for enabling us to present this
project report as the outcome of our learning in this very form.

Yours Sincerely,

All Group Members.

IV
List of components (Price list)
• Transformer 220/12 900
• PCB 700
• Transistors NPN 1047 30x18
• Transistor D313 25x2
• Diodes 12x20
• Aluminum Plates 50
• Box 300
• Switches 25x2
• Voltage meter 30
• Output Sockets 50
• 12 volts DC Fan 30
• Wires 130

Total: 3070 RUPEES

V
 Introduction
Introduction to project
UPS is the abbreviation for Uninterruptible Power Supply, and is a device which supplies
power to devices for a fixed amount of time without stopping even when there are problems
occurring with utility power and other power sources. In this present-day highly information-
orientated society, the work tasks of many industries, including manufacturing, service and
medical, operate on networks. For this reason, network system stoppages have an enormous
impact on society and as such, the importance of UPS to provide these systems with a stable
power supply is increasing.

Applications

When power failures such as power outages occur, computer devices such as servers and
workstations may break down, leading to various problems such as the loss of important data
and program malfunction. Moreover, even a momentary voltage drop on factory production
lines, can result in system stoppages, defective products, and in the worst-case scenario,
damage to equipment.
These issues can be avoided by installing UPS in computers, network systems, production
lines, and the like and it is also possible to operate systems with stability and efficiency using
the various functions of the UPS. The following are the main applications.
Backup in the case of power outages/momentary voltage drops:
By connecting utility power to devices such as computers via a UPS, rather than directly, it is
possible to supply stable power without fluctuation even if power outages or momentary voltage
drops occur in utility power.
Power source management:
(1) Automatic start-up/shutdown of computers:
By combining UPS with power source management software, it is possible to properly shutdown
computers and other devices connected to UPS in the event of a power outage.
Moreover, when the power has been restored, the computers which were automatically stopped
when the power outage occurred can be automatically started up again.

1
 Working
Working principle:

Online UPS:
A system of supplying power by converting AC input (utility power) to DC and reconverting
it to stable AC by the inverter while constantly charging the batteries.
Supplies power without momentary power breaks in the event of a power outage.

Fig.2.1 : Online UPS

Standby UPS:
A system where, normally AC input (utility power) is output as is to connected devices and
when a power outage or abnormal voltage is detected, inverter starts feeding using power from
the batteries.
In the event of a power outage, a few milliseconds of momentary break occurs in AC output.

Fig.2.2: Standby UPS

2
Basic structure:
The UPS consists of the following circuits and the battery. In the event of a power outage or
failure occurring in the AC input, the UPS continues supplying power from the batteries to
the AC output.
(1) Rectifier: Circuit which converts AC power to DC power
(2) Inverter: Circuit which converts DC power to AC power
(3) Bypass: Circuit which directly outputs AC power
(4) Switch: Circuit which switches between inverter output and bypass output

Fig.3 : Basic structure of UPS

Working of project:

Rectifier/Battery Charger Section:

The battery charger provides isolation from the AC line through an isolation transformer, as
well as being a regulated source of DC to the battery system and inverter. The output of the
charger must be regulated and have current limiting capabilities. The current limit function
provides protection for both the batteries and the charger. The battery charger must be sized
large enough to supply the inverter and simultaneously recharge a fully discharge battery bank.
Output voltage regulation is important since the battery requires a precise charging voltage for
maximum life and minimum maintenance.

Inverter Section:

The inverter provides three primary functions in the UPS:

1. Inversion - the changing of the DC power to AC power composed of a sine wave free
from harmful Harmonic distortion.
2. Regulation - the regulation of the AC voltage to a tolerance level acceptable to the
load, typically +2% of the nominal voltage.
3. Limiting Capability - provides for the current limiting capability as a means of self-
protection.
3
 Hardware Implementation
Transformer:
The transformer is of 2 Amp/500W autotransformer, which converts AC to DC and vice-
versa.

Fig.4.1 : Basic structure of Transformer

PCB:

The main purpose of PCB is to control the flow of the power.

Fig.4.2 : Basic structure of PCB

4
 Results
The UPS provides the backup power in case of power failure. Its performance depends upon
the load attached at the output.

Figure 2-5 Performance Curve

5
 Conclusion /
Recommendations
Businesses today invest large sums of money in their IT infrastructure, as well as the power
required to keep it functioning. They count on this investment to keep them productive and
competitive. Leaving that infrastructure defenseless against electrical dips, spikes and
interruptions, therefore, is a bad idea.
A well-built power protection solution, featuring high-quality, highly efficient UPS hardware,
can help keep your business applications available, your power costs manageable and your
data safe. By familiarizing themselves with the basics of what a UPS does and how to choose
the right one for their needs, data center operators can ensure that mission-critical systems
always have the clean, reliable electricity they need to drive long-term success.

6
 References
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply
2. https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=circuit+diagram+of+ups&source=lnms
&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwin78m79afbAhXCyKQKHRknDiQQ_A
UICigB&biw=1600&bih=794
3. https://www.sanyodenki.com/archive/document/corporatedata/technicalreport
/2015/TR40E_p09_Pdiv_4th