Structural Design Manual PDF

COURSE OUTLINE Center for the Designed Environment
I. Design of Steel Members

A. Beams
Professions, Inc. (CDEP)
Example 1
B. Columns
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete

A. Definition of Terms
B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Column
Examples 5 and 6
III. Building Frame System

A. Code Design Criteria
B. Structural System
C. Vertical Irregularities
D. Plan Irregularities
IV. NSCP Provisions

A. Design Philosophy
B. Material Specification
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
E. Beam-Column Joints Center for the Designed Environment Profession
# 2 Matulungin Street, House of Architects Building
F. Rebar Details Teachers Village, Quezon City 1
COURSE OUTLINE

Design of Steel Members
A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns A. BEAMS
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete Types of Beams According to its Function

B. WSD
Beam
 Purlin - carries the roof load between trusses or rafters
Column  Rafter - usually a sloping beam carrying the reaction of purlins
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD  Lintel - carries the masonry across the opening made by a door or window
Beam  Joist - a closely spaced beams supporting the floor of a building
Column
Examples 5 and 6  Stringer - similar to a joist, it carries the flooring of a bridge
III. Building Frame System Girder - large-sized beams usually carrying the floor beams
 Spandrel - spans between columns and support the floors and curtain walls
C. Vertical Irregularities  Grade beam - lowermost spandrel of a building that has no basement.
 Shaft - circular beam that transmits power to the machinery. Also carries
IV. NSCP Provisions
torsion in addition to shear and flexure
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns A. BEAMS
Example 2
C. Connections
Steel Sections
A. Definition of Terms are classified as compact, non-compact, and slender element.
B. WSD
Beam Sections
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

A. Code Design Criteria Allowable flexural stress
B. Structural System Compact sections Fb = 0.66Fy
C. Vertical Irregularities Non-Compact sections Fb = 0.60Fy
D. Plan Irregularities Slender sections Fb  0.60Fy
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy Allowable shear stress Fv = 0.40Fy
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns EXAMPLE 1
Example 2
C. Connections
A continuos beam is loaded as Solution
shown below. Assuming that the Solve the reactions
A. Definition of Terms For RA, MC = 0 +
B. WSD section is compact, investigate the
adequacy of the beam if Fy = 0 = RA (5) - 8(5)(2.5) - 45(2)
Beam
Column 248MPa. RA = 38KN
Examples 3, 4, & 5 For RC, FV = 0 +
C. USD Figure Section 0 = RA + RC - 8 (5) - 45
P = 45KN
Beam 10 RC = 47KN
Column
w = 8 KN/m Plot the shear diagram
Examples 5 and 6 300 6 280
A B C
VA = RA VA = +38KN
III. Building Frame System 3m 2m
A. Code Design Criteria RC 150 VBL = VA - 8(3) VBL = +14KN

B. Structural System +38
+14
VBR = VBL - 45 VBR = -31KN
VC = VBR - 8(2) VC = -47KN
-31 Plot the moment diagram
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy +78
-47
MA = 0 Pinned support
B. Material Specification MB = MA+ ½ (VA + VBL) (3) MB = 78
C. Flexural Members MC = MB + ½(VBR + VC) (2) MC = 0
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns EXAMPLE 1 (cont’d)
Example 2
C. Connections
Maximum values Solving I and c
A. Definition of Terms Vmax = VC = 47KN 10
B. WSD Mmax = MB = 78KNm

Beam 300 6 280
Column Calculate section capacity
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
From flexure formula, f = M/S 150
Beam M = fbS I = INA + Ad2

Column
Examples 5 and 6 For compact sections = 1
12 (150)(10)3 (2) + 1
12 (6)(280)3
III. Building Frame System fb = 0.66Fy
+ (150)(10)(145)2(2)
= 0.66(248)
I = 74.076X106mm4
C. Vertical Irregularities = 163.68MPa
D. Plan Irregularities c = 300/2 = 150mm
S = section modulus
S = 74.076X10 = 493840mm3
IV. NSCP Provisions 6
= I/c
c = distance from NA to extreme 150
C. Flexural Members fiber in tension/compression
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Maximum values
A. Definition of Terms Vmax = VC = 47KN Check shear capacity
B. WSD Mmax = MB = 78KNm fv = 0.40Fy
Beam
= 0.40(248)
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 = 99.20MPa
C. USD Solving the moment capacity Vcap = fvAw
Beam
Column
M = (163.68MPa) (493840mm3) = (99.20MPa) (300x6)
Examples 5 and 6 M = 80.83x106Nmm Vcap = 178560N
III. Building Frame System M = 80.83KNm > 78KNm Vcap = 178.56KN > 47KN
A. Code Design Criteria Therefore, OK!
Therefore, OK!
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns B. COLUMNS
Example 2
C. Connections
Prevailing design load is axial and failure may be initiated by
II. Reinforced Concrete overstressing of the material
A. Definition of Terms buckling about the weak axis
B. WSD
Beam
For this reason, the equation that determine the allowable stress of the
Column columns is expressed in terms of the length and radius of gyration.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD For Intermediate Column
Beam KL
 Cc = 22E Where
Column r Fy
Examples 5 and 6 KL/r 2 Fa = allowable axial stress
1 - 0.50 Cc
III. Building Frame System Fa = Fy L = height of column
5 3 KL/r - 1 KL/r 3
A. Code Design Criteria 3 + 8 Cc 8 Cc K = effective length factor
B. Structural System r = radius of gyration
For Long Column = AI
KL > C = 22E
r c
Fy
I = moment of inertia
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy A = cross sectional area
Fa = 12KLE
2
B. Material Specification 2
C. Flexural Members 23 r
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns B. COLUMNS
Example 2
C. Connections
Prevailing design load is axial and failure may be initiated by
II. Reinforced Concrete overstressing of the material
A. Definition of Terms buckling about the weak axis
B. WSD
Beam
For this reason, the equation that determine the allowable stress of
Column the columns is express in terms of the length and radius of gyration.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam Values of K
Column
Examples 5 and 6

B. Structural System L L L L
C. Vertical Irregularities K = 2.0 K = 1.0 K = 0.7 K = 0.5
IV. NSCP Provisions

One end fixed, Both ends hinged One end fixed, Both ends fixed
B. Material Specification other end free other end pinned
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Calculate the axial capacity of Solution
A. Definition of Terms the column shown if Solve the radius of gyration, r
B. WSD a) L = 3m
Beam b) L = 6m r= I
Column Use Fy = 248MPa, moment if A
Examples 3, 4, & 5
inertia I = 1.20x106mm4, and r= 1.20x106
C. USD
cross-sectional area A = 1550
Beam
Column 1550mm2. r = 27.82mm
Examples 5 and 6
Illustration Solve Cc
Cc = 2 E
2
B. Structural System Fy
22(200000)
L Cc =
248
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy Cc = 126.17
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
A. Definition of Terms the column shown if a) If L = 3.0 m, solve KL/r
B. WSD a) L = 3m KL 0.70(3000)
=
Beam b) L = 6m r 27.82
Column Use Fy = 248MPa, moment if = 75.47 < Cc = 126.17  Int. Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
inertia I = 1.20x106mm4, and Solve the allowable axial stress, Fa
C. USD
1 - 0.50 KL/r
2
Beam
area A = 1550mm2. Cc
Column
Fa = 5 3 KL/r 1 KL/r 3 Fy
3 + 8 Cc
- 8 Cc
Examples 5 and 6
Illustration 75.47 2
1 - 0.50 126.17
Fa = 5 3 75.47 1 75.47 3 248
3 + 8 126.17 - 8 126.17
C. Vertical Irregularities Fa = 109.23 MPa
L Solve the axial capacity, P
IV. NSCP Provisions
P = Fa A
B. Material Specification = 109.23MPa (1550 mm2)
C. Flexural Members P = 169310N
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
A. Definition of Terms the column shown if b) If L = 6.0 m, solve KL/r
B. WSD a) L = 3m KL 0.70(6000)
=
Beam b) L = 6m r 27.82
Column Use Fy = 248MPa, moment if = 150.95  Cc = 126.17  Long Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
inertia I = 1.20x106mm4, and Solve the allowable axial stress, Fa
C. USD
area A = 1550mm2.
Fa = 12KLE 2
2
Beam
Column 23 r
Examples 5 and 6
Illustration 12(2) (200000)
=
23 150.95 2
B. Structural System Fa = 45.20MPa
Solve the axial capacity, P
L
P = Fa A
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy = 45.20MPa (1550mm2)
B. Material Specification P = 70056N
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns C. CONNECTIONS
Example 2
C. Connections

1. Riveted and Bolted Connections
B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Lap Splice Butt Splice
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members Triple-Plate Shingle Splice Triple-Plate Shingle Splice
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete 2. Welded Connections

A. Definition of Terms  Classification of weld
B. WSD Vertical, horizontal, flat, and overhead
Beam
 Types of weld
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
Bead, groove, fillet, plug and slot
C. USD
Beam
Illustration
Column Vertical Fillet Horizontal Butt
Examples 5 and 6
Flat Butt
Flat Edge Bead
III. Building Frame System Slot Weld
Plug Weld
IV. NSCP Provisions

Flat Fillet
B. Material Specification Horizontal Fillet
C. Flexural Members Overhead Fillet Overhead Butt
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Types of groove weld (used for tee and butt joints)
B. WSD
Square Butt Joint Square Tee Joint
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Single-Vee Butt Joint Single-Bevel Tee Joint
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Double-Vee Butt Joint Double-Bevel Tee Joint
C. Vertical Irregularities Single-U Butt Joint Single-J Tee Joint
IV. NSCP Provisions

A. Design Philosophy Double-U Butt Joint Double-J Tee Joint
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Types of fillet (used for lap joint splices)
A. Definition of Terms Convex Fillet Weld
B. WSD Fillet weld
Beam
Column Size of weld
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6
III. Building Frame System Concave Fillet Weld

A. Code Design Criteria Fillet weld
Size of weld
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Standard Symbol of Weld
A. Definition of Terms TYPE OF WELD Weld
B. WSD Field
Groove Weld Plug/ Weld all Flush
Beam Bead Fillet around
square V Bevel U J Slot
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Standard Location of Weld Information
Contour symbol
III. Building Frame System Groove angle
Root opening
A Length of weld
B. Structural System Size of weld
C. Vertical Irregularities Arrow connecting
Reference line for reference line with
D. Plan Irregularities showing weld location arrow side of joint.
IV. NSCP Provisions S R L-P
Specification T Field weld
A. Design Philosophy reference Weld all around
B. Material Specification Weld symbol Pitch of intermitted weld
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Standard Symbol of Weld
B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Arrow-Side weld
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Other-Side weld
C. Vertical Irregularities Both-Sides weld
IV. NSCP Provisions

Compound welds
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Example of Symbol Application
Arrow side
B. WSD Arrow side Other side
Beam Arrow side
Other side Joint
Column
Joint Other side
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Joint
Beam
Column Tee Joint Edge Joint Corner Joint
Examples 5 and 6
III. Building Frame System Arrow side

Arrow side Other side Joint “A” Arrow side
A. Code Design Criteria Joint Joint “A” Joint
Joint A
Joint B Other side
IV. NSCP Provisions Other side Arrow side Other side
Joint “B” Joint “B”
C. Flexural Members Lap Joint Double Tee Joint Butt Joint
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Method of showing groove location
A. Definition of Terms when welds are not shown
B. WSD
Beam Arrow does not show
Column
Improper which member is to grooved
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam Proper
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Significance

C. Vertical Irregularities Proper
Significance
IV. NSCP Provisions
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

Design of Reinforced Concrete
A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns A. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Example 2
C. Connections

Concrete is a mixture of sand and gravel held together in a rock like
B. WSD mass by a binding material which is a reaction of cement and water.
Beam
Column Reinforced Concrete is a combination of concrete and steel wherein
Examples 3, 4, & 5 the steel serves as tensile reinforcement (provides the tensile strength
C. USD
lacking in the concrete).
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Working Stress Design
Applied Load   x Section Capacity
A. Code Design Criteria  is less than 1
C. Vertical Irregularities Ultimate Strength Design
D. Plan Irregularities  x Applied Load  Section Capacity
IV. NSCP Provisions  is greater than 1
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns B. WORKING STRESS DESIGN
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete Working Stress Design

A. Definition of Terms Applied Load   x Section Capacity   is less than 1
B. WSD
Allowable stresses
Beam
Column Flexural Members
Examples 3, 4, & 5 for concrete fc = 0.45f’c
C. USD for steel fs = 138 MPa for Grades 276 & 345
Beam fs = 165 MPa for Grades 414 & Higher
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Compression/Compression with bending
for concrete fc = 0.34f’c
A. Code Design Criteria for steel fs = 0.40fy
B. Structural System NOTE: This values were taken based on 40% of strength using ultimate strength design
D. Plan Irregularities Where
f’c is the compressive strength of concrete
IV. NSCP Provisions
fy is the yield strength of steel
B. Material Specification Es = 200,000 MPa is the modulus of elasticity of steel
C. Flexural Members Ec = 4700f’c is the modulus of elasticity of concrete
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns BEAMS
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete A. Transformed Section Method/Flexure Formula Method

A. Definition of Terms fc
B. WSD
Beam
Column y
½y
Examples 3, 4, & 5 h d
C. USD d-y
Beam nAs
Column
Examples 5 and 6 b fs/n

A. Code Design Criteria fc = Mc y fc  0.45f’c fc is allowable stress of concrete
I
B. Structural System fs is allowable stress of steel
fs Ms (d - y) fs  allowable
n = I Mc is moment for concrete
Ms is moment for steel
IV. NSCP Provisions Where
y is the distance of extreme
I is the moment of inertia fiber in compression from NA
C. Flexural Members n (modular ratio) = Es/Ec (d - y) is the location steel from NA
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns BEAMS
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete B. Derivation of Design Formula

A. Definition of Terms fc
B. WSD
Beam ⅓y
y C = ½fcyb
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 h d
d - ⅓y
C. USD d-y
Beam T = Asfs
Column
b fs/n
Examples 5 and 6
III. Building Frame System Solve y using R & P Where

y fc fs is allowable stress of steel
=
d fc + fs/n fc is allowable stress of concrete
y = fc d
D. Plan Irregularities M is internal moment capacity
IV. NSCP Provisions fc + fs/n n is the modular ratio = Es/Ec
A. Design Philosophy y is the distance of extreme
B. Material Specification M = C (d - ⅓y)
fiber in compression from NA
C. Flexural Members M = T (d - ⅓y)
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns COLUMNS
Example 2
C. Connections
Three categories of columns:
II. Reinforced Concrete 1. Pedestal or Short Compression Blocks - height is less than
three times the least dimension
B. WSD
Beam
2. Long or Slender Column - strength of the column is
Column significantly reduced due to slenderness
Examples 3, 4, & 5 3. Short Column - failure is initiated by material failure
C. USD
Beam Types of Columns
Column
1. Tied
Examples 5 and 6
2. Spiral
III. Building Frame System 3. Composite
Illustration
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members Tied Column Spiral Column Composite Columns
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns COLUMNS
Example 2
C. Connections Code Requirements
II. Reinforced Concrete 1. Steel ratio: 1% <  = As/Ag < 8%
2. Minimum number of bar is 4 for rectangular, 6 for circular, 3 for
B. WSD
triangular. Clear spacing of longitudinal bar ≥ 1.5Øb or 40mm.
Beam
Column 3. Minimum dimension may be at least 200 mm to provide enough
Examples 3, 4, & 5 concrete cover of bars
C. USD
Beam 4. Tie shall be 10mmØ for longitudinal bar 32mmØ and smaller, and
Column 12mmØ for longitudinal bar larger than 32mmØ.
Examples 5 and 6
5. Ties shall be spaced not more than 16Øb, 48Øt, or the least lateral
III. Building Frame System dimension of the column.
B. Structural System 6. Corner and alternate longitudinal bar must have lateral support
provided by the corner of the tie and no bars shall be located more
than 150mm on either side from such laterally supported bar.
IV. NSCP Provisions 6. 25mm < Clear spacing of spirals < 75mm
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

NSCP Provisions for RC Members
A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns
Example 2
C. Connections

B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns COLUMNS
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete Formula for axially loaded column

B. WSD
For tied column ( = 0.40)
Beam Pcap = 0.80[0.85f’c(Ag - As) + fyAs]
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 For spiral column ( = 0.40)
C. USD
Beam Pcap = 0.85[0.85f’c(Ag - As) + fyAs]
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Where
III. Building Frame System Pcap is the axial capacity at service load
C. Vertical Irregularities fy is the yield strength of steel
D. Plan Irregularities Ag is the gross area of column
IV. NSCP Provisions As is the total area of reinforcing bar
A. Design Philosophy  is the factor to get the equivalent service load
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Calculate the safe live load and dead load of the beam shown. Use
A. Definition of Terms f’c = 25MPa and fs = 124MPa. Assume live load is 50% DL.
B. WSD
Beam
Column Figure Solution
Examples 3, 4, & 5 WTOT = WDL + WLL
C. USD Allowable stress
Beam
A B fc  0.45f’c
Column 6m
Examples 5 and 6 RB fs  124 MPa
A. Code Design Criteria Section Actual stress
B. Structural System Mc
f=  Allowable stress
C. Vertical Irregularities I
500mm M is the moment
IV. NSCP Provisions I is the crack moment of inertia
B. Material Specification c is the distance from NA to
C. Flexural Members 300mm 4 - 28 mm the point in question
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections fc
II. Reinforced Concrete C
A. Definition of Terms y
½y
B. WSD 500mm d
Beam
d-y
Column T nAs
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD fs
300mm
Beam
Column At the level of steel, s = c 200000
n= = 8.50
Examples 5 and 6 470025
f f
III. Building Frame System s = s c = c
Es Ec Since,
fs f C = ½(b)(y)fc)
B. Structural System = c
C. Vertical Irregularities Es Ec
T = (As)(fs)
D. Plan Irregularities E
fs = s fc T = (nAs)fc
IV. NSCP Provisions
Ec
A. Design Philosophy fs = n fc
Therefore, the equivalent area
B. Material Specification E
n = s is the modular ratio of steel in concrete is nAs
C. Flexural Members Ec
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections fc
½y
B. WSD 500mm d
Beam
d-y
Column T nAs
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD fs
300mm
Beam
Column
Solve d Take summation of moment of
Examples 5 and 6 areas about the NA, M = 0
d = 500 - 40 - 10 - ½(28)
300(y)(½y) = nAs (d - y)
A. Code Design Criteria d = 436 mm
B. Structural System 150(y2) = 20935.57 (436 - y)
C. Vertical Irregularities Solve for y, (location of NA)
D. Plan Irregularities y2 = 139.57 (436 - y)
nAs = (8.50) (28) (4)
2
IV. NSCP Provisions 4 y2 +139.57y - 9127908.52 = 0
A. Design Philosophy nAs = 20935.57 mm2 y = 186.58
C. Flexural Members d - y = 249.42 mm
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections 300mm

½y
B. WSD 500mm d
Beam
d-y
Column T nAs
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD 300mm 4 - 28 mm 
Beam
Column Solve the moment of inertia, I Solve the moment capacity
Examples 5 and 6
I = INA + Ay2 For concrete
= 12 (300)(y)3 + (300)(y)(½y) fc = Mc c  0.45f’c = 11.25
1 2
I
B. Structural System + nAs (d - y)2 c = y = 186.58
C. Vertical Irregularities = 121 (300)(186.58)3
+ (300)(186.58)[½(186.58)]2 11.25  Mc (186.58)6
IV. NSCP Provisions
1951.93x10
+ (20935.57) (249.42) 2
A. Design Philosophy M  117.69x106 Nmm c
B. Material Specification I= 1951.93x106 mm4
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections 300mm

½y
B. WSD 500mm d
Beam
d-y
Column T nAs
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD 300mm 4 - 28 mm 
Beam
Column Solve the moment capacity From load diagram solve WTOT,
Examples 5 and 6
M = 8 (WTOT) (L)2  114.17 KNm
1
For steel
III. Building Frame System fs Ms c fs 1
n =  n = 14.59 114.17  8 (WTOT) (6)2
A. Code Design Criteria I
B. Structural System c=d-y WTOT = 25.37 KN/m
C. Vertical Irregularities = 249.42
But WTOT = WDL + WLL
14.59  Ms (249.42)6 25.37 = WDL + 0.5WDL
IV. NSCP Provisions 1951.93x10
A. Design Philosophy Ms  114.17x106 Nmm < Mc WDL = 16.91 KN/m
 Mcap = 114.17x106 Nmm WLL = 8.46 KN/m
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Design the section and number of 20mmØ bar of a beam carrying
II. Reinforced Concrete 80KNm moment. Use f’c = 25MPa, fs = 124MPa, and effective depth
equal to twice of width.
B. WSD
fc
Beam
Column Figure 1
y
Examples 3, 4, & 5 y 3 C = ½fcyb
C. USD d d
Beam d - 31y
d-y
Column
Examples 5 and 6 T = Asfs
b fs/n
A. Code Design Criteria Solution
B. Structural System Allowable stress Solve for y using R & P
fc  0.45f’c  0.45(25) y fc
D. Plan Irregularities =
d fc + fs/n
 11.25 MPa
IV. NSCP Provisions
fs  124 MPa y = 11.25 (d)
11.25 + 124/8.5
B. Material Specification E 200000
C. Flexural Members n = Es = 470025 = 8.5 y = 0.4354(d)
c
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
B. WSD
fc
Beam
Column Figure 1
y
C. USD d d
Beam d - 31y
d-y
Column
b fs/n
B. Structural System Solve for d using moment equation
D. Plan Irregularities M  C (d - 1 y)
3
M  ½fcyb (d - 1 y) 3
IV. NSCP Provisions 80x106  ½(11.25)(0.4354d)(½d) [d - (0.4354d)]

80x106  ½(11.25)(0.4354) (½) [1 - 3 (0.4354)](d3)
1
C. Flexural Members d  424.36 mm b  212.18 mm
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
B. WSD
fc
Beam
Column Figure 1
y
C. USD d d
Beam d - 31y
d-y
Column
b fs/n
B. Structural System Solve for area of steel As Substitute
C. Vertical Irregularities C=T ½(11.25)(184.77)(212.18) = As (124)
½fcyb = Asfs As = 1778.43 mm2
IV. NSCP Provisions
b = 212.18 mm Solve the number of bars using 20mm
A 1778.43
B. Material Specification y = 0.4354d # of bars = As = 1 = 5.7
C. Flexural Members b (20)2
= 184.77 mm 4
say 6 pcs
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Design a square column using 20mmØ reinforcing bar if PDL = 240KN
II. Reinforced Concrete and PLL = 180KN. Use f’c = 25MPa, fy = 276MPa,  = 3%, and 10mmØ
ties.
B. WSD
Beam Figure Solution
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Solve the total load PTOT
h Ag = h
2
C. USD
Beam  = As/Ag PTOT = PDL + PLL
Column As = 0.03Ag = 240 + 180
Examples 5 and 6 b=h PTOT = 420 KN
III. Building Frame System From axial load formula
PDL = 240 KN
PLL = 180 KN PTOT  PCAP
C. Vertical Irregularities PTOT  0.80[0.85f’c(Ag - As) + fyAs]
D. Plan Irregularities 420x103  (0.8)(0.4)[(0.85)(25)(h2 - 0.03h2)
IV. NSCP Provisions s
+ (276) (0.03h2)]
B. Material Specification 420x103  (0.32) [(21.25)(0.97) + 8.28] h2
C. Flexural Members h = 213.14 say 225 mm
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete and PLL = 180KN. Use f’c = 25MPa, fy = 276MPa, initial  = 3%, and
10mmØ ties.
B. WSD
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Solve number of bars, Ag = 225x225
h Ag = h
2
C. USD
PTOT  0.80[0.85f’c(Ag - As) + fyAs]
Beam  = As/Ag
As = 0.03Ag 420x10  (0.8)(0.4)[(0.85)(25)(225 - As)
Column 3 2
Examples 5 and 6 b=h
+ (276) As]
III. Building Frame System 420x103  (0.32) [21.25 (2252 - As) + 276 As]
PDL = 240 KN
B. Structural System PLL = 180 KN 420x103  6.80 (2252 - As) + 88.32 As
420x103  6.80 (2252) - 6.8As + 88.32 As
s As = 929.22 mm2
IV. NSCP Provisions
A 929.22
A. Design Philosophy # of bars = 1 s 2 = 1
d 4
(20)2
C. Flexural Members # of bars = 2.96 say 4 pcs
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
10mmØ ties.
B. WSD
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Ag = h2
Solve spacing of ties
C. USD h  = As/Ag
Beam As = 0.03Ag s = 16 Øb
Column = 16(20)
Examples 5 and 6 b=h
= 320 mm
PDL = 240 KN s = 48 Øt
B. Structural System PLL = 180 KN = 48(10)
C. Vertical Irregularities = 480 mm
s s = least dimension
IV. NSCP Provisions
= 225 mm governs
C. Flexural Members
Therefore s = 225 mm on center
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
10mmØ ties.
B. WSD
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Check clear spacing of longitudinal bar
h Ag = h
2
C. USD
Beam  = As/Ag Clear spacing = h - (2) clear cover
Column As = 0.03Ag
Examples 5 and 6 b=h - (2) Øt - (2) Øb
III. Building Frame System Clear spacing = 225 - 40(2) - 10(2) - 20(2)
PDL = 240 KN
PLL = 180 KN Clear spacing = 85 mm > 1.5Øb = 30
C. Vertical Irregularities > 40mm
D. Plan Irregularities < 150mm
IV. NSCP Provisions s
A. Design Philosophy Therefore OK!
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns C. ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete Ultimate Strength Design

A. Definition of Terms  x Applied Load  Section Capacity
B. WSD  is greater than 1
Beam
Column
Load Factors
Examples 3, 4, & 5
U = 1.4D + 1.7L
C. USD U = 0.75[1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W]
Beam U = 0.9D + 1.3W
Column U = 1.1D + 1.3L + 1.1E
Examples 5 and 6 U = 0.9D + 1.1E
U = 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7H
U = 0.9D + 1.7H (if live/dead load reduces the effect of H)
U = 0.75[ 1.4D + 1.4T + 1.7L ]
C. Vertical Irregularities U = 1.4[ D + T ] (Deformation Load)
IV. NSCP Provisions

Material Strength
A. Design Philosophy f’c = strength of concrete at strain of 0.003
B. Material Specification fy = is the yield strength of steel
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns BEAMS
Example 2
C. Connections
Flexure Formula c
II. Reinforced Concrete 0.85f’c 0.85f’c
C C ½a
B. WSD c a
Beam
h d
Column d - ½a
Examples 3, 4, & 5 d-c
T T
C. USD
Beam s
b
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Af
Solve the internal moment capacity, M s y
M = As fy d -½ 0.85f’cb
III. Building Frame System MC = 0 + MT = 0 + Af
or Mu =  As fy d -½ 0.85f’
s y
A. Code Design Criteria cb
M = T (d - ½a) M = C(d - ½a)
B. Structural System Where
C. Vertical Irregularities FH = 0 + Mu = is the ultimate moment capacity
D. Plan Irregularities C= T As = is the area of reinforcing bar
0.85f’c a b = As fy fy = is the yield strength
IV. NSCP Provisions As fy f’c = is the compressive strength of concrete
A. Design Philosophy a=
0.85f’c b d = is the effective depth
B. Material Specification M = As fy (d - ½a) b = is the width of the beam
C. Flexural Members  = is the reduction factor equal to 0.90
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns BEAMS
Example 2
C. Connections
Flexure Formula c
II. Reinforced Concrete 0.85f’c 0.85f’c
C C ½a
B. WSD c a
Beam
h d
Column d - ½a
Examples 3, 4, & 5 d-c
T T
C. USD
Beam s
b
Column
Examples 5 and 6
To ensure yielding, Where
III. Building Frame System As act = is the actual steel ratio
A. Code Design Criteria act =  max
bd 1 = 0.85 - 0.05(f’c - 30)  f’c is in MPa
B. Structural System  min
 0.85
f’c 600  0.65
D. Plan Irregularities max = 0.75 0.851
fy fy + 600
IV. NSCP Provisions min = 1.4
A. Design Philosophy fy
f’
B. Material Specification min = c
4fy
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns COLUMNS
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete Formula for axially loaded column

B. WSD
For tied column ( = 0.70)
Beam Pult = 0.80[0.85f’c(Ag - As) + fyAs]
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 For spiral column ( = 0.75)
C. USD
Beam Pult = 0.85[0.85f’c(Ag - As) + fyAs]
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Where
III. Building Frame System Pult is the ultimate axial capacity
C. Vertical Irregularities fy is the yield strength of steel
D. Plan Irregularities Ag is the gross cross sectional area of column
IV. NSCP Provisions As is the total area of reinforcing bar
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
Calculate the number of 20mmØ Solution
reinforcing bar needed for the Calculate the ultimate load
B. WSD
beam loaded as shown below. Use Pu = 1.4PDL + 1.7PLL
Beam f’c = 25MPa, fy = 414MPa, and
= 1.4(20) + 1.7(16)
Column effective depth d = 350mm.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
Pu = 55.20 KN
Figure PDL = 20 KN
C. USD
PLL = 16 KN Wu = 26 KN/m
Beam
Column WU = 26 KN/m Calculate the maximum moment
Examples 6 5 and 7
6 Due to uniform load
A B 1
5m MUW = 8 Wu L2
III. Building Frame System 1
A. Code Design Criteria RB = 8 (26)(5)2 = 81.25 KNm
B. Structural System Due to concentrated load
C. Vertical Irregularities Section 250
MUP = ¼ Pu L
= ¼ (55.2)(5) = 69.0 KNm
IV. NSCP Provisions
350 Total ultimate load
Mu = 81.25 + 69.0
C. Flexural Members Mu = 150.25 KNm
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
reinforcing bar needed for the Solve As
beam loaded as shown below. Use Asfy
B. WSD Mu =  As fy d - ½
Beam f’c = 25MPa, fy = 414MPa, and 0.85f’c b
Column effective depth d = 350mm. Mu A (d) - fy
 fy = s
1.7f’c b (A s)
2
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Figure PDL = 20 KN
PLL = 16 KN 414 (As)2
Beam 150.25x106 = -
350 As
Column WU = 26 KN/m (0.90)(414) 1.7(25) 250
Examples 6 5 and 7
6 A B 403247 = (350) As - 0.0390(As)2
5m
0.039 (As)2 - (350) As + 403247 = 0
RB
A. Code Design Criteria a b c
C. Vertical Irregularities Section 250 -b  b2 - 4ac
As =
D. Plan Irregularities 2a
IV. NSCP Provisions 350  3502 - 4(0.039)403247
350 =
A. Design Philosophy 2(0.039)
B. Material Specification As = + 7616.89
C. Flexural Members As = + 1357.44
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
reinforcing bar needed for the Solving for the number of bars
B. WSD
beam loaded as shown below. Use As 1357.44 = 1357.44
n =
Beam f’c = 25MPa, fy = 414MPa, and Ab = 4 d2 
4 (20)
2
Column effective depth d = 350mm. n = 4.3 Say 5 - 20 mm
Examples 3, 4, & 5
Figure PDL = 20 KN
C. USD
PLL = 16 KN Check ductility limit
Beam
A 5(314)
Column WU = 26 KN/m act = bds = 250(350)
Examples 6 5 and 7
6 A B
5m act = 0.0179
A. Code Design Criteria RB max = 0.75 0.85 1f’c 600
fy fy+ 600
C. Vertical Irregularities Section 250 max = 0.75 0.85 (0.85) 25 (600)
414 414 + 600
max = 0.0194 > act ok!
IV. NSCP Provisions
350 min = 1.4 = 1.4 = 0.003 < act ok!
fy 414
C. Flexural Members min =f’c = 25 = 0.003 < act ok!
4fy 4(414)
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
ties.
B. WSD
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Solve the ultimate load Pult
h Ag = h
2
C. USD
Beam  = As/Ag Pult = 1.4PDL + 1.7PLL
Column As = 0.03Ag = 1.4(240) + 1.7(180)
Examples 6 5 and 7
6 b=h Pult = 642 KN
III. Building Frame System From axial load formula
PDL = 240 KN
B. Structural System PLL = 180 KN Pult  0.80[0.85f’c(Ag - As) + fyAs]
C. Vertical Irregularities 642x103  (0.8)(0.7)[(0.85)(25)(h2 - 0.03h2)
s + (276) (0.03h2)]
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy 642x103  (0.56) [(21.25)(0.97) + 8.28] h2
B. Material Specification h = 199.20 say 200 mm
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
ties.
B. WSD
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Solve number of bars, Ag = 200x200
h Ag = h
2
C. USD
Pult  0.80[0.85f’c(Ag - As) + fyAs]
Beam  = As/Ag
As = 0.03Ag 642x10  (0.8)(0.7)[(0.85)(25)(200 - As)
Column 3 2
Examples 6 5 and 7
6 b=h
+ (276) As]
III. Building Frame System 642x103  (0.56) [21.25 (2002 - As) + 276 As]
PDL = 240 KN
B. Structural System PLL = 180 KN 642x103  11.9 (2002 - As) + 154.56 As
642x103  11.9 (2002) - 11.9As + 154.56As
s As = 1163.6 mm2
IV. NSCP Provisions
A 1163.6
A. Design Philosophy # of bars = 1 s 2 = 1
d 4
(20)2
C. Flexural Members # of bars = 3.7 say 4 pcs
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

Building Frame Systems
A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns A. CODE DESIGN CRITERIA
Example 2
C. Connections

 Procedure and Limitations for the Design of Structures
A. Definition of Terms  Zoning - Indicate the effective peak ground acceleration
B. WSD 0.40g for Zone 4
Beam 0.20g for Zone 2
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  Site Characteristic
C. USD A factor greater than or equal to 1.0 : introduce to the base
Beam
shear formula to account for the variability of soil conditions.
Column
Examples 5 and 6  Occupancy
III. Building Frame System A factor greater than or equal to 1.0 : introduce to the base
A. Code Design Criteria shear formula to account for the importance of the structure
C. Vertical Irregularities  Configuration
D. Plan Irregularities Implies the type of plan and vertical irregularity
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy  Structural System and Height
B. Material Specification Implies the response of the building under lateral load
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 Two Major Parameters in the Selection of Design Criteria
 Occupancy
B. WSD  Structural Configuration
Beam
Column  4 Categories of Occupancy
Examples 3, 4, & 5  1st : Essential Facilities
C. USD  Occupancies having surgery and emergency treatment areas
Beam
 Fire and police stations
Column
 Garages and shelters for emergency vehicles and emergency
Examples 5 and 6
aircraft
III. Building Frame System  Structures and shelters in emergency preparedness centers
A. Code Design Criteria  Aviation control towers
B. Structural System  Structures and equipment in communication centers and other
C. Vertical Irregularities facilities required for emergency response
D. Plan Irregularities  Standby power-generating equipment for Category 1 facilities
IV. NSCP Provisions  Tanks and other structures containing housing or supporting
A. Design Philosophy water or fire-suppression material or equipment required for
B. Material Specification the protection of category I, II or III structures.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 4 Categories of Occupancy
II. Reinforced Concrete  2nd :Hazardous Facilities
A. Definition of Terms  Occupancies and structures therein housing or supporting
B. WSD toxic or explosive chemicals or substances
Beam  Non-building structures housing, supporting or containing
Column quantities of toxic or explosive substances.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
 3rd : Special Facilities
Column  Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant capacity >1000
Examples 5 and 6  Educational buildings with a capacity of 300 or more students
 Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity > 500
III. Building Frame System  Institutional buildings with 50 or more incapacitated patients, but
A. Code Design Criteria not included in Category I
B. Structural System  Mental hospitals, sanitariums, jails, prison and other buildings
where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained
 All structures with an occupancy 5,000 or more persons
IV. NSCP Provisions  Structures and equipment in power-generating stations and other
A. Design Philosophy public utility facilities not included in Category I or Category II
B. Material Specification above, and required for continued operation.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 4 Categories of Occupancy
 4th : Standard Facilities
B. WSD
All structures housing occupancies or having functioned not
Beam listed in Category I, II or III above and Category V below.
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  5th : Miscellaneous Facilities
C. USD Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings, and
Beam fences over 1.8 meters high.
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns B. BASIC STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Example 2
C. Connections
1. Bearing Wall System
II. Reinforced Concrete -structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space frame.
B. WSD
-Bearing walls or bracing systems : supports all or most gravity loads.
Beam -Resistance to lateral load : provided by shear walls or brace frame.
Column
Description of Lateral Force Height
Examples 3, 4, & 5
Illustration Resisting System Limit (Z4)
C. USD
Beam
1. Light-framed walls with shear panels
Column Wood structural Panels -------------------------------- 20
Examples 5 and 6 All other light-framed walls ---------------------------- 20
III. Building Frame System 2. Shear wall
A. Code Design Criteria Concrete --------------------------------------------------- 50
B. Structural System Masonry ---------------------------------------------------- 50
3. Light steel-framed bearing walls tension bracing --- 20
4. Braced frames where bracing carries gravity load
IV. NSCP Provisions Steel -------------------------------------------------------- 50
A. Design Philosophy Concrete --------------------------------------------------- ***
B. Material Specification Heavy Timber -------------------------------------------- 20
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
2. Building Frame System
II. Reinforced Concrete -structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing
B. WSD
support for gravity loads.
Beam -Resistance to lateral load : provided by shear walls or brace frames.
Column
Illustration Description of Lateral Force Height
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Resisting System Limit (Z4)
C. USD
Beam 1. Steel eccentrically braced frame ------------------------ 75
Column 2. Light-framed walls with shear panels
Examples 5 and 6 Wood structural Panels -------------------------------- 20
All other light-framed walls ---------------------------- 20
A. Code Design Criteria 3. Shear wall
B. Structural System Concrete --------------------------------------------------- 75
C. Vertical Irregularities Masonry ---------------------------------------------------- 50
D. Plan Irregularities 4. Ordinary braced frame
Steel -------------------------------------------------------- 50
IV. NSCP Provisions
Concrete --------------------------------------------------- ***
A. Design Philosophy Heavy timber --------------------------------------------- 20
C. Flexural Members 5. Special concentrically steel braced frame ------------ 75
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
3. Moment-Resisting Frame System
II. Reinforced Concrete -structural system with essentially complete space frame providing
support for gravity loads.
B. WSD
Beam
-Lateral load resistance: provided primarily by flexure action of members.
Column
Illustration Description of Lateral Force Height
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Resisting System Limit (Z4)
C. USD
Beam 1. Special moment-resisting frame
Column Steel -------------------------------------------------------- NL
Examples 5 and 6 Concrete --------------------------------------------------- NL
III. Building Frame System 2. Masonry moment-resisting walls frame --------------- 50

3. Concrete intermediate moment-resisting frame ----- ***
C. Vertical Irregularities 4. Ordinary moment-resisting frame
D. Plan Irregularities Steel -------------------------------------------------------- 50
Concrete --------------------------------------------------- ***
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy 5. Special truss moment frames of steel ----------------- 75
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections 4. Dual System
II. Reinforced Concrete -combination of moment-resisting frames & shear walls or braced frames.
A. Definition of Terms -Moment-resisting frame shall resist 25% of the base shear & 75% for the
B. WSD shear walls/braced frame. Description of Lateral Force Height
Beam Resisting System Limit (Z4)
Column 1. Shear wall
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Illustration Concrete with SMRF ------------------------------------ NL
C. USD Concrete with steel OMRF or concrete IMRF ---- 50
Masonry with SMRF or steel OMRF ---------------- 50
Beam
Masonry with concrete IMRF ------------------------- ***
Column
Masonry with masonry MMRWF --------------------- 50
Examples 5 and 6
2. Steel eccentrically braced frame
III. Building Frame System With steel SMRF ----------------------------------------- NL
A. Code Design Criteria With steel OMRF ---------------------------------------- 50
C. Vertical Irregularities 3. Ordinary braced frame
Steel with steel SMRF ---------------------------------- NL
Steel with steel OMRF ---------------------------------- 50
IV. NSCP Provisions Concrete w/ concrete SMRF or concrete IMRF -- ***
A. Design Philosophy 4. Special concentrically braced frame
B. Material Specification Steel with steel SMRF ---------------------------------- NL
C. Flexural Members Steel with steel OMRF ---------------------------------- 50
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
5. Cantilevered Column Building System
A. Definition of Terms -structural system relying on cantilevered column elements for lateral
B. WSD resistance.
Beam Description of Lateral Force Height
Column Resisting System Limit (Z4)
Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Cantilevered column elements -------------------------- 10
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
6. Shear Wall-Frame Interactive System
II. Reinforced Concrete -combination of shear walls and frames → resist lateral forces in
proportion to their relative rigidities;
B. WSD
Beam
-considers interaction between shear walls and frames on all levels.
Column Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Description of Lateral Force Height
Beam Resisting System Limit (Z4)
Column Concrete ------------------------------------- 50
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns C. VERTICAL STRUCTURAL IRREGULATITIES
Example 2
C. Connections
1. Stiffness Irregularity / Soft Story
II. Reinforced Concrete -lateral stiffness < 70% of the story above ; or
A. Definition of Terms -lateral stiffness < 80% of the average stiffness of the 3 stories above.
B. WSD
Beam
Column Illustration Braced frame Shear wall Stiff column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

D. Plan Irregularities Soft Soft Soft
story story story
IV. NSCP Provisions
“Soft Story” stiffness < 70% of story stiffness above
“Soft Story” stiffness < 80% of average stiffness 3 stories above
C. Flexural Members
Note: Need not be considered if the story drift under the lateral force is less than 1.3 times the story drift above
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
2. Weight (mass) Irregularity
II. Reinforced Concrete Mass irregularity considered to exist when:
A. Definition of Terms -effective mass of any story is > 150% of the effective mass of an
B. WSD
adjacent story.
Beam
Column -Roof lighter than the floor below need not be considered.
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Illustration
C. USD
Beam HEAVY MASS
Column
Examples 5 and 6 HEAVY MASS
HEAVY
MASS
C. Vertical Irregularities HEAVY MASS
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members Story mass > 150% of the mass of adjacent story
Note: Need not be considered if the story drift under the lateral force is less than 1.3 times the story drift above
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
3. Vertical Geometric Irregularity
II. Reinforced Concrete Vertical geometric irregularity considered to exist when:
-the horizontal dimension of the lateral-force-resisting system in any story
B. WSD
Beam
is greater than 130% of that in an adjacent story.
Column -One-story penthouses need not be considered.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Illustration
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members Story dimension > 130% of the dimension of adjacent story
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
4. In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Lateral-Force-Resisting Element
an in-plane offset of the lateral-load-resisting elements greater than
B. WSD
the length of those elements.
Beam
Column
Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Shear wall
Shear wall Braced frame
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
5. Discontinuity in Capacity / Weak Story
II. Reinforced Concrete -weak story : the story strength < 80% of that in the story above.
A. Definition of Terms -The story strength is the total strength of all seismic-resisting
B. WSD
Beam
elements sharing the story for the direction under consideration.
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Illustration Shear wall Braced frame Shear wall
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

C. Vertical Irregularities weak
D. Plan Irregularities story
IV. NSCP Provisions weak weak
A. Design Philosophy story story
C. Flexural Members Story strength < 80% of the story strength above
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns D. PLAN STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES
Example 2
C. Connections
1. Torsional Irregularity (to be considered if diaphragm is not flexible)
II. Reinforced Concrete Torsional irregularly shall be considered to exist when the maximum
B. WSD
story drift, computed including accidental torsion, at one end of the
Beam structure transverse to an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of
Column the story drifts of the two ends of the structure.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam Illustration
Column
Examples 5 and 6 1
2
P
A. Code Design Criteria M
D. Plan Irregularities 1
2
IV. NSCP Provisions
B. Material Specification 2 > 1.20(1 + 2)/2
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
2. Re-Entrant Corners
II. Reinforced Concrete plan configurations of a structure and its lateral-force-resisting system
B. WSD
contain re-entrant corners, where both projections of the structure
Beam beyond a re-entrant corner are greater than 15% of the plan
Column dimension of the structure in the given direction.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam Illustration > 0.15L
Column
Examples 5 and 6
> 0.15B
B. Structural System B
Re-entrant corner
IV. NSCP Provisions
B. Material Specification L
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
3. Diaphragm Discontinuity
A. Definition of Terms Diaphragm with abrupt discontinuities or variations in stiffness:
B. WSD -cutout/open areas > 50% of the gross enclosed area of the diaphragm,
Beam -changes in effective diaphragm stiffness : > 50% from one story to the
Column next.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Diaphragm discontinuity
Beam Illustration
Column
Examples 5 and 6

B. Structural System B
IV. NSCP Provisions

B. Material Specification L
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
4. Out-of-Plane Offsets
A. Definition of Terms discontinuities in a lateral force path, such as out-of-plane offsets of
B. WSD the vertical elements.
Lateral-load-resisting
Beam
Column
Illustration element
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

B. Material Specification Lateral-load-resisting
C. Flexural Members element
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete 5. Nonparallel System

A. Definition of Terms the vertical lateral-load-resisting elements are not parallel to or symmetric
B. WSD about the major orthogonal axes of the lateral-force systems.
Beam
Column Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Lateral-load-resisting
Beam element
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

A. Design Philosophy Lateral-load-resisting
B. Material Specification element
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns A. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete  The NSCP C101-01 Section 421 : Special Provisions for Seismic
B. WSD Design – RC Members.
Beam
Column  These requirements were established based on the profound
Examples 3, 4, & 5 engineering experiences and experiments to ensure good
C. USD
Beam performance of the structure during earthquakes.
Column
Examples 5 and 6  It provides requirements to mitigate earthquake stresses by
III. Building Frame System increasing the ductility of the structure through the confinement
B. Structural System of concrete with reinforcing steel where plastic hinging may
occur.
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete  Reinforced concrete structures in high seismic risk must have:
 Strength, Ductility, Toughness
B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  The performance criteria of RC members resisting earthquake:
C. USD
 Serviceability Limit State - material remains in the elastic
Beam
Column range and no damage is expected.
Examples 5 and 6
Minor - Magnitude 1 - 4 < 10 yrs
A. Code Design Criteria  Control Limit - some yielding may occur and may have minor
B. Structural System structural damage.
D. Plan Irregularities Moderate - Mag. 4 - 6 -10-20 years
IV. NSCP Provisions  Survival Limit State - inelastic behavior and may have major
A. Design Philosophy structural damage.
C. Flexural Members Major - Magnitude 7 and up - 100-500 years
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 SCOPE
Section 421 contains special requirements for design and
B. WSD construction of RC members of a structure for which the design
Beam forces, related to earthquake motions, have been determined
Column based on energy dissipation in the nonlinear range of response.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Force-Displacement Relationship Elastic vs Inelastic Response
Column
Examples 5 and 6 Elastic
Actual
A. Code Design Criteria P 
Load, P
Code
IV. NSCP Provisions Failure

C. Flexural Members Sway Deformation Deformation, 
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns B. MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete  LIMITATIONS ON MATERIAL STRENGTH

B. WSD  Concrete compressive strength (Section 421.3.4)
Beam f'c  21 MPa
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
f'c 17 MPa may be use for footings: 3-Storeys or Less
C. USD
Beam  Steel reinforcement (Section 421.3.5)
Column
Examples 5 and 6  ASTM A706M
III. Building Frame System – Low-alloy steel deformed bars (Grade 60)
A. Code Design Criteria – Reinforcement resisting earthquake-induced flexural and axial
B. Structural System forces
 ASTM A615M Grade 275 and Grade 420 are allowed if
– fu/fy  1.25: actual ultimate vs actual yield tensile
IV. NSCP Provisions
strength
B. Material Specification – fy(actual)  (fy(mill specified) + 120MPa) - retests shall not
C. Flexural Members exceed 20MPa
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns C. FLEXURAL MEMBERS: Section 421.4
Example 2
C. Connections
 SCOPE Side Elevation
A. Definition of Terms The following requirements
B. WSD shall apply to members that:
Beam
Column
 Frame members
d H
Examples 3, 4, & 5 resisting earthquake
C. USD induced forces
Beam  Factored axial load L
Column
Examples 5 and 6
proportioned to resist
Cross-Section
flexure, Pu  0.1f'cAg
 LIMITS ON SECTION
C. Vertical Irregularities AND OR DIMENSION H
D. Plan Irregularities  Clear span, L  4d
IV. NSCP Provisions  (bw / H)  0.3
A. Design Philosophy B
 bw  250 mm bw
C. Flexural Members  bw  B + 0.75H
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns C. FLEXURAL MEMBERS
Example 2
C. Connections

 LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT (Section 421.4.2)
A. Definition of Terms  As  required in the analysis
B. WSD
 As  As,min = (f'c/4fy)bwd or
Beam
Column  As  As,min = (1.4/fy)bwd
Examples 3, 4, & 5  At least 2-bars shall be provided continuously on top and
C. USD
bottom
Beam
Column  As  0.025bwd
Examples 5 and 6 Note: As,min need not be satisfied if As supplied is 1/3 greater than As required.
A. Code Design Criteria  (+)M strength at joint face ≥ ½(-)M strength provided at that
face of the joint.
D. Plan Irregularities  Neither (-)M nor (+)M strength at any section along member
IV. NSCP Provisions
length shall be less than ¼Mmax strength provided at face of
A. Design Philosophy either joint.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns C. FLEXURAL MEMBERS Longitudinal Reinforcement: Section 421.4.2
Example 2
C. Connections Ast  required in the analysis
II. Reinforced Concrete Ld  equivalent of 2 bars
A. Definition of Terms  (1.4/fy)bwd Ld  d
B. WSD  (f’c/4fy)bwd  12Øb
Beam  0.025bwd  L/16
Column At least Ast/3
Examples 3, 4, & 5
Point of inflection
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

B. Structural System Asb  required in the analysis
C. Vertical Irregularities  equivalent of 2 bars
D. Plan Irregularities  (1.4/fy)bwd
IV. NSCP Provisions  (f’c/4fy)bwd
A. Design Philosophy  Ast/2
B. Material Specification L (To beam centerline)
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections

 LAP SPLICES REQUIREMENT
A. Definition of Terms  No splices are allowed within joints.
B. WSD
 No splices are allowed within 2h from face of joint.
Beam
Column  No splices are allowed within 2h from points of flexural yielding
Examples 3, 4, & 5  Lap length must be provided with a hoops/spiral with Smin= d/4
C. USD
or 100mm.
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6  TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
III. Building Frame System  Hoops shall be provided within:
B. Structural System 2h from face of the support
C. Vertical Irregularities 2h from both sides of sections where flexure yielding are
D. Plan Irregularities likely to occur.
IV. NSCP Provisions First hoop shall be located not more than 50mm from the
face of the supporting element.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT

Maximum ties spacing should be the lesser of;
B. WSD
Beam
 d/4
Column  8Øb (longitudinal bars)
Examples 3, 4, & 5  24Øt (ties)
C. USD  300 mm
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6
Notes:
 Corner and alternate longitudinal bars shall be provided
III. Building Frame System with lateral support by a tie with included angle not more than
135˚. Longitudinal bars shall be no farther than 150mm from
C. Vertical Irregularities such laterally supported bars.
IV. NSCP Provisions

 Where hoops are not required, stirrups with seismic hook at
A. Design Philosophy both ends shall be spaced at a distance not more than d/2
B. Material Specification throughout the length of the member.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections

50 mm  d/4
B. WSD
Beam  8Øb (longitudinal bars)
Column  24Øb (ties)
Examples 3, 4, & 5  300 mm
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

H
D. Plan Irregularities 2H s  d/2
IV. NSCP Provisions
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete  SHEAR STRENGTH REINFORCEMENT

A. Definition of Terms  The design shear forces Ve shall be determined from
B. WSD consideration of the static forces on the portion of the
Beam
Column
member between faces of the joint. It shall be assumed that
Examples 3, 4, & 5 moments of opposite sign corresponding to probable
C. USD flexural strength Mpr act at the joint faces and that the
Beam member is loaded with the tributary gravity load along its
Column span.
Examples 5 and 6

A. Code Design Criteria  Transverse reinforcement over the confined region shall be
B. Structural System proportioned to resist shear assuming Vc = 0 when both of
C. Vertical Irregularities the following conditions occur:
(MprA + MprB)/L  ½Ve and
IV. NSCP Provisions
Pu  0.05f'cAg
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections

B. WSD
VL
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 MPRL MPRR
C. USD
Beam
Column VR
Examples 5 and 6 L
A. Code Design Criteria VL = (MprA + MprB)/L - 0.75(1.4DL + 1.7LL)L/2
C. Vertical Irregularities VR = (MprA + MprB)/L + 0.75(1.4DL + 1.7LL)L/2
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns D. BEAM-COLUMN
Example 2
C. Connections
 SCOPE
A. Definition of Terms The following requirements shall apply to members that:
B. WSD  resist earthquake induced forces, and
Beam
Column
 have a factored axial forces exceeding 0.1Agf'c
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
 LIMITATION ON SECTION DIMENSIONS
Beam
Column  Least cross-sectional dimension  300mm
Examples 5 and 6  Least dimension /  dimension  0.4
III. Building Frame System  Limitation on longitudinal reinforcement 0.01  g  0.06
B  H  300mm
H
IV. NSCP Provisions B
A. Design Philosophy  0.40
H
B
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 MINIMUM FLEXURAL STRENGTH
A. Definition of Terms  The flexural strength of the columns shall satisfy:
B. WSD Mc  1.2Mg
Beam
Column
Where:
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Mc = sum of column moments at the center of the joint.
C. USD
Mg = sum of girder moments at the center of the joint.
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6 MNCT
MNGL
IV. NSCP Provisions MNGR

C. Flexural Members
MNCB
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 RESTRICTION ON LAP SPLICES
A. Definition of Terms  Splices are permitted only within the middle half of the
B. WSD column height,
Beam
 Splice must be designed as tension lap splice, and
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  Hoop spacing must be the lesser of;
C. USD • Hmin/4
Beam
Column • 6Øb
Examples 5 and 6 • s = 100 + (350-H)/3 → 100 mm  s  150 mm
 TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
C. Vertical Irregularities  Closed hoops or continuous spirals must be provided to
D. Plan Irregularities confine the concrete core, to act as lateral support of the
IV. NSCP Provisions longitudinal bars, and to resist shear. The amount of
A. Design Philosophy transverse reinforcement must be larger of that required for
B. Material Specification confinement or the design shear.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT (Section 421.5.4)
A. Definition of Terms  Confinement reinforcement must be provided within a length
B. WSD Lo from each joint face where flexure yielding may occur due
Beam to inelastic lateral displacements.
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Where:
C. USD Lo  H
Beam
 Clear height / 6
Column
Examples 5 and 6  450 mm
A. Code Design Criteria  For spiral reinforcement (volumetric ratio)
s  0.45 (Ag/Ac - 1)f'c/fy whichever is
D. Plan Irregularities  0.12f'c/fy larger
IV. NSCP Provisions Where:
s = volume of spiral/volume of confined core
C. Flexural Members Ac = area of the core out-to-out from transverse bars
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT (Section 421.5.4)
A. Definition of Terms  Rectangular hoop
B. WSD  Ash = 0.3(shcf'c/fy)(Ag/Ach - 1) whichever is
Beam greater
Column A = 0.09sh f' /f
sh c c y
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Note: For adequate core strength this equations need not be satisfied.
Beam
Column  Hoop spacing shall be the lesser of
Examples 5 and 6
 H/4
A. Code Design Criteria  6Øb (longitudinal bar)
B. Structural System  s = 100 + (350-H)/3, 100 mm  s  150 mm
 Crossties or legs of hoops shall not be spaced farther than
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy 350 mm on center in the direction perpendicular to axis of
B. Material Specification longitudinal bar.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections

 SHEAR REQUIREMENTS
A. Definition of Terms  The design shear, Ve, shall be determined from the
B. WSD maximum probable moment strength, Mpr as for beams.
Beam The shear need not exceed the value determined from
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
joints strengths based on the probable moment strength of
C. USD the transverse members framing into the joint.
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6
 Vc shall be taken as the larger of the above analysis or as
determined by analysis of the structure. For confined
region, transverse reinforcement shall be proportioned
B. Structural System assuming Vc = 0.0 if
(MprA + MprB) / L  ½Ve and
IV. NSCP Provisions
Pu  0.05f'cAg
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns D. BEAM-COLUMN: Section 421.5.4
Example 2
C. Connections

B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5 s/2
C. USD Lo  h2
s  75 mm Ht./6
Beam s  25 mm  450 s  h1/4
Column s  1.33 times
 100 mm
Examples 5 and 6 max aggregate size H/2
Splice s  6Øb
III. Building Frame System allowed  150 mm
D. Plan Irregularities Ash = 0.3(shcf’cfy)(Ag/Ach - 1)
h1 Ash = 0.09shcf’c/fy)
IV. NSCP Provisions
h1 < h2
B. Material Specification s  0.45(f’c/fy)(Ag/Ach - 1) h2
C. Flexural Members s  0.12(f’c/fy)
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections

B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns E. BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS: Section 421.6
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete  GENERAL

A. Definition of Terms  Forces in longitudinal beam reinforcement at the joint face
B. WSD shall be determined by assuming that the stress in the flexural
Beam
tensile reinforcement is 1.25fy.
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  For longitudinal beam reinforcement extended to the beam-
C. USD column joint, column dimension parallel to the reinforcement
Beam shall be 20Øb (for normal wt. concrete); be 26Øb (for light
Column
wt. concrete).
Examples 5 and 6
 Longitudinal reinforcement of beam terminated in the column
shall be extended to the far face of the confined core and
B. Structural System anchored in tension according to Section 421.6.4; and in
C. Vertical Irregularities compression according to Section 412. (development length
D. Plan Irregularities requirements)
IV. NSCP Provisions
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns E. BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS: Section 421.6
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete  GENERAL

A. Definition of Terms  Section 421.6.4: Development length in tension
B. WSD  90˚hook:
Beam
Column
ldh ≥ fyØb/(5.4√f’c);
Examples 3, 4, & 5 ≥ 8Øb;
C. USD ≥ 150mm
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6  Section 412: Development length in compression
ld ≥ 200mm;
A. Code Design Criteria ≥0.25fyØb/√f’c;
B. Structural System ≥0.04Øbfy
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns E. BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS
Example 2
C. Connections
 TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
A. Definition of Terms  Transverse hoop reinforcement shall be provided in a joint
B. WSD except those joints confined by structural members framing in
Beam to that joint on all four sides and where its members width is at
Column
least (3/4) of the column width.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam  For a joint confined by beams, provide confinement
Column
Examples 5 and 6
reinforcement of at least (1/2) that required by Sections
421.5.4.1. The allowed maximum spacing = 150 mm.
B. Structural System  Transverse reinforcement as required by Section 421.5.4 shall
C. Vertical Irregularities be provided for through the joint to provide confinement for
longitudinal beam reinforcement outside the column core.
IV. NSCP Provisions
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 SHEAR STRENGTH OF JOINT
A. Definition of Terms  Strength Requirement: Vn  Vuj
B. WSD  Strength reduction factor,  = 0.85
Beam
Column  Nominal Shear Strength : Vnj
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Condition Vnj
C. USD
Beam
 4 faces confined by members 1.7f'cAj
Column  3 or 2 opposite faces confined by members 1.2f'cAj
Examples 5 and 6
 Other cases 1.0f'cAj
A. Code Design Criteria Where:
C. Vertical Irregularities Aj=Effective cross-sectional area within a joint in the plane
D. Plan Irregularities parallel to the plane of reinforcement generating shear.
IV. NSCP Provisions Hj=overall depth of column in the direction of shear
A. Design Philosophy Bj=effective joint width [bw + Hj or 2(smaller distance from beam
C. Flexural Members
centerline to column side]
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections

B. WSD
Beam
Column Bj
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Asfy 1.25Asf y
C. USD
Hj 0.85f'cab
Beam
Column 0.85f'cab
Examples 5 and 6 1.25A'sfy Asfy

B. Structural System Direction of forces
C. Vertical Irregularities Generating shear
IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns F. DETAIL OF BARS
Example 2
C. Connections
Standard Hooks for Primary Reinforcement
II. Reinforced Concrete 90˚ bend + 12Øb extension at free end of the bar
A. Definition of Terms 180˚ bend + 4Øb extension, but not less than 60mm
B. WSD
Beam Minimum Finished Bend Diameter are as follows:
Column -6Øb for bar 25mmØ and smaller
Examples 3, 4, & 5 -8Øb for bar 28mmØ through 36mmØ
C. USD
Beam
Standard Hooks for Stirrups and Ties
Column
90˚ bend + 6Øb extension at free end of the bar for
16mmØ and smaller
Examples 5 and 6
90˚ bend + 12Øb extension at free end of the bar for
III. Building Frame System 20 to 25mmØ
A. Code Design Criteria 135˚ bend + 6Øb extension at free end of the bar for
B. Structural System 25mmØ and smaller
D. Plan Irregularities Minimum Finished Bend Diameter are as follows:
-4Øb for bar 16mmØ and smaller
IV. NSCP Provisions -6Øb for bar 20mmØ and 25mmØ
B. Material Specification For seismic hook, 135˚ bend + 6Øb or 75mm extension at free end
C. Flexural Members of the bar
D. Beam-Column
COURSE OUTLINE

END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns
Example 2
C. Connections

B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column

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COURSE OUTLINE Center for the Designed Environment

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete Types of Beams According to its Function

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

I. Design of Steel Members

A. Code Design Criteria RC 150 VBL = VA - 8(3) VBL = +14KN

I. Design of Steel Members

B. WSD Mmax = MB = 78KNm

Beam M = fbS I = INA + Ad2

I. Design of Steel Members

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete 2. Welded Connections

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System Concave Fillet Weld

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System Arrow side

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete Working Stress Design

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete A. Transformed Section Method/Flexure Formula Method

III. Building Frame System

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete B. Derivation of Design Formula

III. Building Frame System Solve y using R & P Where

I. Design of Steel Members

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete Formula for axially loaded column

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members