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Ash Wednesday is one of the most popular and important holy days in
the liturgical calendar. Ash Wednesday opens Lent, a season of fasting and
prayer.
Alternatively, the priest may speak the words, "Repent and believe in
the Gospel."
Ashes also symbolize grief, in this case, grief that we have sinned and
caused division from God.
Priests administer ashes during Mass and all are invited to accept the
ashes as a visible symbol of penance. Even non-Christians and the
excommunicated are welcome to receive the ashes. The ashes are made from
blessed palm branches, taken from the previous year's palm Sunday Mass.
The Ashes
The ashes are made from the blessed palms used in the Palm Sunday
celebration of the previous year. The ashes are christened with Holy Water
and are scented by exposure to incense. While the ashes symbolize penance
and contrition, they are also a reminder that God is gracious and merciful to
those who call on Him with repentant hearts. His Divine mercy is of utmost
importance during the season of Lent, and the Church calls on us to seek that
mercy during the entire Lenten season with reflection, prayer and penance.
1Observances
o 1.1Fasting and abstinence
o 1.2Ashes
1.2.1Ashes to Go
o 1.3Commination Office
o 1.4Low church ceremonies
o 1.5Regional customs
2Biblical significance of ashes
3Christian use of ashes
4Lent
5Dates
6Observing churches
7Gallery
8National No Smoking Day
9Notes
10References
Observances
Fasting and abstinence
Main article: Fasting § Christianity
Jesus Tempted in the Wilderness (Jésus tenté dans le désert), James
Tissot, Brooklyn Museum
Many Christian denominations emphasize fasting, as well as
abstinence during the season of Lent and in particular, on its first day, Ash
Wednesday. The First Council of Nicæa spoke of Lent as a period of fasting for
forty days, in preparation for Eastertide.[9] In many places, Christians
historically abstained from food for a whole day until the evening, and at
sunset, Western Christians traditionally broke the Lenten fast, which is often
known as the Black Fast.[10][11] In India and Pakistan, many Christians
continue this practice of fasting until sunset on Ash Wednesday and Good
Friday, with some fasting in this manner throughout the whole season of
Lent.[12]
In the Roman Catholic Church, Ash Wednesday is observed
by fasting, abstinence from meat, and repentance – a day of contemplating
one's transgressions. On Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, Roman Catholics
between the ages of 18 and 59 (whose health enables them to do so) are
permitted to consume one full meal, along with two smaller meals, which
together should not equal the full meal. Some Catholics will go beyond the
minimum obligations put forth by the Church and undertake a complete fast
or a bread and water fast until sunset. Ash Wednesday and Good Friday are
also days of abstinence from meat (mammals and fowl), as are all Fridays
during Lent.[13] Some Roman Catholics continue fasting throughout Lent, as
was the Church's traditional requirement,[14] concluding only after the
celebration of the Easter Vigil. Where the Ambrosian Rite is observed, the day
A deacon burning palm fronds from the previous Palm Sunday for Ash
Wednesday
Various manners of placing the ashes on worshippers' heads are in use
within the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, the two most common being
to use the ashes to make a cross on the forehead and sprinkling the ashes
over the crown of the head. Originally, the ashes were strewn over men's
heads, but, probably because women had their heads covered in church, were
placed on the foreheads of women.[32] In the Catholic Church the manner of
imposing ashes depends largely on local custom, since no fixed rule has been
laid down.[28] Although the account of Ælfric of Eynsham shows that in about
the year 1000 the ashes were "strewn" on the head,[33] the marking of the
forehead is the method that now prevails in English-speaking countries and
is the only one envisaged in the Occasional Offices of the Anglican Church of
Papua New Guinea, a publication described as "noticeably Anglo-Catholic in
character".[34] In its ritual of "Blessing of Ashes", this states that "the ashes
are blessed at the beginning of the Eucharist; and after they have been blessed
they are placed on the forehead of the clergy and people."[34]The Ash
Wednesday ritual of the Church of England, Mother Church of the Anglican
Communion, contains "The Imposition of Ashes" in its Ash Wednesday
liturgy.[35] On Ash Wednesday, the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, traditionally
takes part in a penitential procession from the Church of Saint Anselm to the
Basilica of Santa Sabina, where, in accordance with the custom in Italy and
many other countries, ashes are sprinkled on his head, not smudged on his
forehead, and he places ashes on the heads of others in the same way.[36]
Lent
Dates
Further information: Lenten calendar
Ash Wednesday and other named days and day ranges around Lent and
Easter in Western Christianity, with the fasting days of Lent numbered