Chemical Bonding

Lesson objectives
Chemical bonding
 Students will be able to understand the difference between covalent,
ionic, and metallic bonding, as well as be able to name chemical
compounds.

Unit 6  NGSS
 HS-PS1.2 Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple
Honors Chemistry – 10th grade
chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the
Mr. Ali Saad periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
 PS2.B: Types of Interactions- Attraction and repulsion between electric charges
at the atomic scale explain the structure, properties, and transformations

Something to Consider: Naming Compounds

 Sodium, Na, and chlorine, Cl, are so reactive that they are
usually kept in oil so they don’t react explosively with the
moisture in the air. Yet, when combined together, you get
NaCl, which is ordinary table salt.
 Turn to your partner and try to come up with a hypothesis as to
why this occurs.
Hint – Think of the previous unit on chemical reactivity.
1) The first portion is the metal name, the second portion is the non-metal
name where you add an –ide as the suffix.
Ex: NaCl – The first portion is sodium. The second is chlorine. So this becomes
sodium chloride.
Ex: KF – The first portion is potassium. The second is fluorine. So this becomes
potassium flouride.

You Try! Properties of Ionic Compounds

 Ionic Compounds form when a metal and a nonmetal are bonded
together.
 On your guided notes handout, work with your partner to name the
following compounds on the handout. Take about 5 minutes, and then we  The metal loses its outer electron while the nonmetal accepts the electron.
will review them as a class.  Held together by electrostatic attraction
 Conduct electricity
 High melting point
IONIC COMPOUND NAME
NaF
AgNO3
K2S
FeCO3

2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

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Chemical Bonding

A Closer Look Hydrates

 Hydrate – with water

 Anhydrous – without water
 Hydrates are simply ionic compounds that are bonded to water molecules.

 Once again, the metal transfers the electron to the non-metal. In the case
of NaCl, the sodium gives the outer electron to the chlorine atom.
 In your guided notes, draw the electron transfer from the metal to the non-
metal.

Naming Hydrates Latin Prefixes

 Fill in this chart in your guided notes:

1) The first portion of the hydrate is simply the name of the anhydrous ionic Number Name
solid.
1 Mono
2) The second portion is the word hydrate, which stands for water, with the
2 Di
number of water molecules written in the Latin prefix.
3 Tri
Ex. Mg(SO)4 * 7H2O – The first part is just Magnesium sulfate. The second part
has 7 water molecules. The Latin prefix is hepta, so that becomes hepta 4 Tetra
hydrate. 5 Penta
Putting it all together we have Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. 6 Hexa
7 Hepta
8 Octa
9 Nona
10 deca

You Try! Covalent Bonding

 Occurs between a non-metal and a non-metal.
 Turn to your partner and fill in these practice problems in your guided notes:  Held together through the sharing of electrons.
 Low melting point
 1) MgCl2 * 5H2O  Poor conductor of electricity
 2) AlCl3 * 9H2O
 3) LiOH * 2H2O
 4) NaF * 1H2O

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Chemical Bonding

A Closer Look Metallic Bonding

 The outer electrons become a “sea” of negative charges that attract the
positive ions.
 Arranged in a crystal lattice formation

 Oxygen gas is two oxygen molecules bonded together, and since they are
both non-metals, they create a covalent bond.
 The oxygen molecule is sharing its electrons, creating a covalent bond.

Properties of Metallic Bonding Differences between bonding

 Occurs between the bonding of 2 or more metals Ionic Metallic Covalent

 High melting points
• Electrons are • Electrons are in a “sea” • Sharing of electrons
 Good conductor of electricity
transferred of negative charges. • Metal and a non-metal
 Malleable and ductile • High melting point • Occurs only between • Low melting point
 Ex. Cu2, AgNi, and common metal alloys such as bronze and steel. • Good conductor of metals • Poor conductor of
electricity • High melting point electricity
• Metal and non-metal • Good conductor of
electricity

Brief Summary Strength of Bonds

Increasing Strength

Ionic

Metallic

Covalent

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Chemical Bonding

Practice Problems Wrapping it all up

 Work with your partner to answer these in your guided notes:  In the beginning of the lecture, we proposed this question:
 “Sodium, Na, and chlorine, Cl, are so reactive that they are usually kept in oil so
1) Which has a higher melting point: NaCl or H2O. Explain your reasoning. they don’t react explosively with the moisture in the air. Yet, when combined
2) State whether the following are ionic, covalent, or metallic: together, you get NaCl, which is ordinary table salt.”

- NaF, KOH, LiSO4, NO2, Cu, Hg

3) Critical thinking question: Since we know that water is covalent and it is poor  Now that your know more about bonding, create a model showing the
at conducting electricity, why does tap water, or the water in your pool, a electron movement in NaCl, describing how it forms and why it is extremely
good conductor of electricity. Think about everything we learned, and state stable when its lone ions are not stable.
your hypothesis and your reasoning.

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