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BEARING

When there is relative rotating motion between


two machine parts. One of which supports the
other, the supporting member is called
BEARING. Bearing is very importent element in
any machine.
FUNCTIONS OF BEARING

1. It bears load.
2. It locates rotating part in correct position.
3. It provides free motion to the rotating part by
reducing friction.
Bearing bears the load in machinery. The term 'load'
refers to the force of weight that is placed on the
bearing. A bearing must be able to support a load placed
on it. Locating the rotating parts in correct position
means hold the rotating part in predetermined place.
Bearings are required to resist motion in one or more
directions while allowing motion to occur in other
directions. Bearings must be able to reduce friction to
provide free motion to a rotating part. Friction is the
resistance to motion that exists between two surfaces
that are in contact with each other. Too much friction can
prevent movement of machine parts, and equipment
may be damaged.
CLASSIFICATION OF BEARING

BEARING

ROLLING CONTECT OR
SLIDING CONTECT OR
ANTI FRICTIONAL
FRICRIONAL BEARING
BEARING
SLIDING CONTACT BEARING OR
FRICTIONAL BEARING
Bearings in which the contact surfaces either
make sliding contact separated by a film of
lubricant. It operates on the basis of sliding
friction.
Advantages of Sliding contact bearing:

1. Easy to manufacture,
2. Cost manufacture is low,
3. Quieter in operation particularly after a
suitable running- in period,
4. It has unlimited life,
5. High load carrying capacity.
6. Less sensitive to injury,
7. Less radial space required,
Disadvantages of Sliding Contact Bearing:

1. There required higher starting torque,


2. Continuous or more lubricant is
needed for lubrication,
3. Loss of lubricant is more,
4. More power is needed for driving,
5. More axial space is required.
ROLLING CONTACT BEARING OR ANTIFRICCTIONAL
BEARING.

Bearings which have rolling contact between


surfaces. It operates on the basis of rolling friction.
.
Advantages of R.C. bearings:

1. Lower axial space required,


2. Operates on minimum friction,
3. Lower Power consumption,
4. Low starting torque,
5. Less lubricant is needed for lubrications,
6. Easy maintenance,
7. More axial rigidity in this case.
Disadvantages of R.C. bearings:

1) Manufacturing Process is complex in


nature,
2) Cost of manufacturing is higher,
3) It has limited life in term s of millions
of revolutions,
4) More sensitive to foreign bodies &
injury's
PARTS OF ROLLING CONTACT
BEARINGS Outer race

Rolling element

Shield
Retainer or
Cage

Inner race
Rolling contact Bearing consists of the
following main parts.

1. Outer ring OR outer race.


2. Inner ring OR Inner race
3. Retainer or Cage
4. Rolling elements.
Bearings can be classified according to
type of load carried by the bearing.

1. Bearings for radial load (Radial bearings).


2. Bearings for axial load (Thrust bearings).
3. Bearings for combined load (It takes both
radial and axial load).
Redial
load
Combine
load

Axial
load
BEARINGS FOR RADIAL LOAD
Different types of R. C. bearings which can be
used for radial loads are,
1. Single or double row deep groove ball
bearings.
2. Double row self-aligning ball bearing.
3. Cylindrical roller bearings.
4. Single or double row self-aligning ball
bearings.
BEARINGS FOR COMBINED LOAD
The following bearings are suitable when loads are
made up of one component perpendicular to the axis
of the rotation and other parallel to the axis of
rotation.

1. Angular contact ball bearings either of the single


row type (to be fitted in opposite pairs) or of the
double row type.
2. Spherical roller thrust bearings.
3. Taper roller bearings single or paired (for axial
load in either one or both directions respectively.)
BEARINGS FOR THRUST LOAD
Different types of R. C. bearings which can
be used for thrust loads are :

1. Single or double thrust ball bearings


(for thrust load in either one or both
directions respectively).
2. Cylindrical roller thrust bearings
Bearings can be classified according to
type of rolling element used. They are:
•Ball Bearing.
•Roller Bearing

Difference between Ball and Roller bearings.


1. Can carry lighter load. 1. Can generally carry
heavier load.
2. Can run at higher speed. 2. Can run at lower
speed
3. Maximum friction that may occur is 0.0015.
0.003
BALL BEARINGS
•Single row deep groove ball bearings.

This is the most common type of ball bearings in general


engineering. This type has the following advantages.

1. It can withstand considerable amount of thrust load in


addition to radial load
2. It can function successfully at very high speed.
3. As there is no flexibility is provided in this type,
alignment of the shaft and housing should be as
correct as possible. Bearings of this type are available
with side shields, seals and snap rings.
Single row deep groove ball bearings.
Double row deep groove ball Bearings.

These are the same as single row bearings but


are wider to allow a double row of ball with the
object of increasing the load capacity.
•Single row angular contact ball
bearings.

These are designated to take a combination of


thrust and radial load. These should be used in
pairs in opposite direction and their axial
adjustment must be made very carefully. High
supporting shoulders on both inner and outer
rings affect the thrust load and axial rigidity.
•Double row angular contact ball
bearing

This is rigid bearing whose raceway is so


designated that the direction of load through the
balls is oblique to the axis. The angle of contact is
30 deg. And is made with filling slots. These
bearings are used where the thrust load is equal
to or greater than radial load. These bearings can
be substituted by two bearings of single row
angular contact either face to face or back to back
and also two bearings in tandem.
•Self aligning ball bearing.

This is a double ball bearing with spherical


raceway in the outer ring thus permitting it to
swivel. It is particularly suitable where there is
possibility of miss-alignment of shafts.
•Single row thrust ball bearings.

This type comprises a row of balls running


between two flat grooved washers with ball track
designated to absorb thrust load in one direction.
This does not with stand and any radial load also,
this is not suitable for high speeds.
•Double row thrust ball bearings.
These comprise two rows of balls, one for each
direction of thrust. It is only used to absorb thrust
loads in either direction at low moderate speed.
These cannot withstand any radial load. These are
occasionally mounted on spherical seating for self
aligning purpose.
Roller Bearings:

Single row cylindrical roller bearings.


This bearing is a rigid bearing comprising a single row of
cylindrical rollers and raceway. The open form bearings can be
withdrawn in both directions. Those of the half-closed form can
be withdrawn in one direction only. Whilst the close forms type
serves to locate the shaft axially.
Double row cylindrical roller bearings.
These are twice as wide as the single row type.
These are also called Duplex bearings and can
sustain extremely heavy loads. These are a
available in either separable in either separable
inner or outer races.
Spherical roller bearings.
The race of the outer ring is ensuring correct operation
when the axes of the two rings are inclined to each other.
These bearings are therefore suitable for use with
independent support housings and wherever there is
possibility of a lack of alignment. They are designed to
carry medium or heavy radial or combined load.
•Taper roller bearings

These bearings consist of two parts; the inner


ring, complete with the row of rollers, is
retained by a pressed steel cage, forming an
integral sub-assembly (cone) and outer ring
(cup). These bearings carry heavy radial and
thrust loads at moderate Speeds. These
should always be mounted in pairs with
opposed taper because in each bearing the
radial load. produces a axial component which
needs counter balance. The assembly of
paired bearings is available in various styles.
1. Cylindrical roller
thrust bearings.

These have tow flat washers without any


grooves. The specially designed cage retains the
rollers in position. These can take heavy thrust
loads at moderate speeds. These cannot take
radial loads.
•Spherical Roller thrust Bearings.

The roller of these bearings is controlled by a lip on


the ring which is secured to the shaft. The axis of
rollers with meets at one point one the bearing axis.
The track on the inner ring mostly fitted one the
housing in spherical and thus allows self-alignment
of the bearing. The special feature of this bearing is
its capacity to carry a light radial load.
•Needle roller bearings.

This is another form of cylindrical roller bearing with the rollers,


having a very small diameter in comparison with their length.
This diameter varies from 1.5mm to 5mm. these bearings are
made in various types and their application or their mounting
also varies. These are used with inner race and outer race,
only inner race with roller and cage or only outer race with
roller and cage. Owing to very small diameter size the spacing
cage is generally omitted. These bearings are used in places
where the speed is low or where oscillation takes place as in
wrist pin, rocker arm, and universal Joint, etc.
BEARING COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS

1. The rings and rolling elements of rolling bearings


are generally made form through hardened high
grade carbon chromium steel having a high
degree of cleanliness. Or special applications
case hardened or even stainless steel may be
used.

2. Each individual bearing receives optimum heat


treatment, resulting in hardness normally
between 59 and 65 HRC. Pressed steel, or brass
cages are normally used for small and medium
sized bearings.
3. Injection molded plastic cages are, however,
used more and more as Standard or small and
medium size bearings.
4. Large bearings generally have machined cages
which are usually made of brass, but even steel;
spherical graphite cast iron and light alloys are
used for machined cages.

5. Shields are made of steel sheet only and form a


narrow gap with the inner ring. Seals protect
bearings better than shields do, but the heat
resulting from the friction between seal lip and
the inner ring will Reduce the limiting speed by
one third
INTERNAL CLEARANCE
The bearing internal clearance is defined as the total
distance through with one bearing ring can be made relative
to the other under zero measuring loads.

1. Movement in the radial direction called radial internal


clearance;
2. Movement in the Axial direction called Axial internal
clearance;

The internal clearance will vary from bearing type to bearing


type. The most common clearance is NORMAL (with no
suffix). Internal clearance smaller than normal are
designated by suffixes C1 and C2 while internal
clearances larger than normal are designated by C3, C4
and C5.
Internal Clearance
Suffix internal Clearance
C1 Smaller than C2

C2 Smaller than normal

Normal

C3 Greater than normal

C4 Greater than C3

C5 C5 Greater than C4

Example: 6210/C3 - Bearing with increased clearance.


Reasons for providing internal clearance:
.
1 In order to fit a bearing tightly on a shaft, it is necessary
that the shaft is slightly Larger than the bore of inner ring.
When the bearing is mounted, the inner ring will expand and
consequently the space available for the rolling elements will
be reduced. (Sometimes the housing seating’s are made
slightly smaller than the outside diameter of the outer ring
resulting in compression of the outer ring and hence further
reduction of available space for rolling elements.) The
reduction in space available for rolling elements when the
bearing mounted is accommodated by the internal clearance.
2. Steel will expand with increased temperature. In operation
the temperature of the various parts of a bearing will not
remain uniform and resulting in varying degrees of expansion
which is compensated by the internal clearance.
CODE FOR BEARING TYPE
The first digit (or letter) designates the type of
bearing. Following are the codes for bearing type:

CODE DESCRIPTION
3 0 2 06
code for Bearing Code for Code for Diameter Code for Bore
Type Wide (or Height) Series Diameter
Example: Series Example: Example: Code =
3 = Taper roller Example: Diameter Series = 3
Bearing Width Series = 0 2 i.e. Bore Dia. =
30mm
0- Double row angular contact ball bearings.

1- Self-aligning ball bearings.


2- Spherical roller bearings and spherical roller
thrust bearings.
3- Taper roller bearings
4- Double row deep groove ball bearings.
5- Thrust ball bearings.
6 - Single row deep groove ball bearings.

Bearing with bore dia. Less than 10 mm are


designated by three figures where the last figure
represents the bore dia in mm.

7- Single row angular contact ball bearings.

8- Cylindrical roller thrust bearings.


N - Cylindrical roller bearings.
The symbol "N" which indicates the type of
bearings may be supplemented by one or two
letters to indicate different guide flange
combinations.
QJ - 4-point contact ball bearings.

T - Taper roller bearings. The prefix T is followed by 3


symbols designated the bearing series and a 3-
digit code indicating the bore dia, in mm.
CODE FOR BORE DIAMETER
1. The two digits indicate the diameter of bore between 20 to
490 mm. The bore Diameter is obtained by multiplying last
two digits by 5.
2. For bearings with bore diameter greater than 490 mm, the
bore diameter is directly Indicated after an oblique (e.g.
511/500).
3. Special coding applies for the bearings with bore diameter less
than 20mm.
00 -- -- 10 mm
01 -- -- 12 mm
02 -- -- 15 mm
03 -- -- 17 mm
4. For the bore diameter less than 10 mm, the bore diameter is
indicated by a single Digit which gives the value of bore
diameter directly.
SUPPLEMENTARY DESIGNATIONS
Code letters additional to the basic designation
are used to distinguish bearings which differ from
standard or have modified components where
several code letters are required they are added
to the bearing designation in the order given
below.
Some of the most commonly used
supplementary designations are given below:
PREFIXES
BEARING COMPONENTS

L – Removable ring (inner or outer) of a separable bearing.


e.g; LNU 207 – Inner ring of cylindrical roller bearing
NU207.
L30307 – Outer ring of taper roller bearing 30207.
R – Separable bearing less removable ring (inner or outer).
e.g: RNU207 – outer ring and roller cage assembly of
taper roller bearing 30207.
R30207 – Inner and roller and cage assembly or taper
roller bearing 30207.
SUFFIXES
INTERNAL DESIGN
Modified internal design of bearing.
e.g. 7205 D – Single row angular contact ball
bearing with a contact angle of 40 degree.
A – Contact angle 30 degree.
B – Contact angle 40 degree.
C – Contact angle 15 degree.
D – Contact angle 45 degree.
SUFFIXES
EXTERNAL DESIGN
X – Boundary dimensions altered to conform to ISO standards.
RS– Synthetic rubber seal fitted at one side of the bearing.
2LS – Synthetic rubber seal fitted on both side of the bearing.
Z – Shield fitted t one side of the bearing.
ZZ – Shield fitted at both sides of the bearing.
K – Tapered bore, taper 1:12 on diameter.
K30 – Tapered bore, taper 1:12 on diameter.
N – Snap ring groove on outer ring.
NR – Snap ring groove in outer ring with a snap ring.
ZN – Shield at one side and snap ring groove at other.
ZNR – As for ZN including snap ring.
N2 – Two diametrically opposed slots at one outside corner of
outer ring.
N2 – Two diametrically opposed slots at one outside corner of outer
ring.
G – Single row angular contact ball bearing with ring faces adjusted
so that
any two bearings can be mounted in pairs, either in tandem, back to
back, or face to face.
CAGE
J – Pressed steel cage, unhardened.
Y – Pressed brass cage.
F – Machined steel or C.I cage
L – Machined light alloy cage.
M – Machined brass cage.
P – Polyamide 6-6 cage reinforced with 25% glass fiber.
T – Cage of fabric – reinforced phenolic resin.
TH – Fabric reinforced phenolic resin cage with snap type pockers.
TN9 – Reinforced plastic cage.
MOUNTING OF BEARINGS
In order to ensure proper mounting of bearings,
proper tools must be used, Especially when a
large number of bearings are to be frequently
mounted and Submitted. Bearings can be fitted
by the following methods depending on the size
and fit of the bearings.
1. By Hammering
Bearings can be mounted by tapping gently with a copper
or lead faced hammer on a suitable blind tube having its
open end against the bearing race to the pressed into the
seat. Pressure should not be used on outer race to press
fit the inner race or vice versa. Two separate tubes should
be used for pressing two races. Cage should be protected
against any shock or pressure. If a bearing has to be
mounted simultaneously on the shaft and housing, the
mounting sleeve should bear in both the outer and inner
races.
If a suitable mounting sleeve is used, bearings with a
cylindrical bore of 70 mm maximum can be mounted in
this way.
2. Pressing by hydraulic press
When a quite a number of small bearings are
to be fitted, the use of hydraulic press may be
advantageous. The advantages of this method
is that it helps in ascertaining the maximum
and minimum pressure load to be applied for a
particular mounting.
3. Mounting by heating
Larger bearings and those which demand
greater interference are usually mounted after
heating. The method of bearings may be either
in oil bath or by induction heating.
While hearting the bearing in oil bath, the
following points are to be noted:

a) Use suitable medium for heating, such as clean


transfer oil.
b) Do not allow the bath temperature to exceed 90ºC.
c) Use false bottom at the bath so that bearings do not
comes in contact with the bottom or sides.
d) Bearings should be handle by means of tongs. A
spring attached to the lifting gear will be an added
advantage for correctly centering the bearing.
DISMOUNTING OF BEARINGS
1. Dis mounting by pulling ,The method of removing
bearings depends upon the design of the bearing
installation. If the seating’s are not too tight, withdrawal
appliance usual in the trade will be found sufficient for
dismantling from the shaft or the housing. It is important to
ensure that the force required for withdrawal is not
transmitted through the rolling elements.
2. In the case of adapter sleeve bearings, after the nut of
the adapter sleeve has been loosened, the later must
be knocked out of the bearing bore by means of a
tubular bushing. Bearings with withdrawal sleeve are
dismantled by screwing a withdrawal nut on the thread
of the withdrawal sleeve so far that the withdrawal but
bears upon the face of the inner ring and then draws
the sleeve not of the bearing bore.
For large beating with specially tight seating’s, an oil pressure
method is used. The journals are provided with ducts and
grooves to allow the oil injection method for dismounting
the bearings. The method provides a supply of high
pressure oil to the interference surface, thereby reducing
the friction between the inner ring and journal and keeping
the mounting force to the minimum. Hydraulic nuts can
also be used for loosening the withdrawal sleeve. The nut
is screwed on the threads of the withdrawal sleeve like
normal withdrawal nuts and then pressurized to dismount
the bearings as stated earlier.
. `
Electrical induction heaters are also used for
withdrawing the inner rings of the cylindrical
roller bearings. This needs only 20 or 30
seconds for removing the inner race. The
greatest advantage of this method is that
seating remains undamaged even after any
number of repeated fittings.
LUBRICATION OF BEARINGS

The purpose of lubrication is:

1. To reduce friction between the rolling members.

2. To protect bearing from corrosion.

3. To prevent the intrusion of drift into the bearing.

4. To reduce the running noise.

5. To dissipate heat.
1. Before being packed, the bearings are coated
with preservative grease which prevent
corrosion. Bearings, therefore, should be left in
their original packing until just before they are
fitted.

2. Never wash out bearings which are available in


the suppliers packing.

3. If due to any reason the bearings become


dirty, they should be cleaned in fresh petrol
and re lubricated immediately.

4. Avoid using compressed air for cleaning


bearings as compressed air very often
carries water and dust.
Oil Lubrication is confined to certain cases:
1. Bearing running at very high temperatures. Oil should
be fed through them continuously for cooling purposes.
(The oil should be sucked through the bearing and
never forced through.)

2. Bearings fitted on the vertical shafts where it is difficult to


seal in the grease, so that drip-lubrication with oil is
preferable.

3. Bearing installed in machines which are already


lubricated with oil and in which it is difficult to
separate the lubrication of bearings from that of the
other components of the machine.

4. Self-aligning thrust roller bearings which are almost


always lubricated with oil.
ROLLING BEARING DAMAGE AND ITS CAUSES
The life of ball or roller bearing depends upon the total
number of stress cycles and loads incurred by rolling
elements and raceways.

Normal fatigue manifests itself by flaking or Spalling of


the rolling surfaces. If the bearing continues in service an
increased localized stress may result in catastrophic ring
fracture.

If the bearing fails earlier than predicted by the fatigue life,


it should be checked for overloading. With this failure
cause excluded, thought should be given to the
possibility of poor installation or maintenance or to
operational wear.
Why does a bearing fail?
Faulty Mounting
An usual pattern of the running track suggest internal
nipping which may be caused by exceedingly tight fits,
excessive axial adjustment, malformation of the bearing
seats of the shaft or the housing, misalignment, or when
the axial freedom of the floating bearing is lost.

Localized damage to the raceway such as nicks, score


marks, or indentations suggest faulty mounting.

This type of damage occurs if, for instance, the inner ring of a
cylindrical roller bearing is pushed into the outer ring in a
tilted position or if the mounting pressure is transmitted
through the rolling elements.
Faults in Design

Rolling bearing ring should be fully supported on the shaft


and in the housing. A groove in the seating area will
cause localized stress concentrations and subsequent
raceway destruction. Similar damage occurs when a set
screw is used to clamp the ring or when grooves or bores
are ground into the bearing after its completion in
manufacture.

Corrosion
Corrosion is caused by inadequate sealing against moisture,
Acid fumes, lubricant containing acids, condensation,
unsuitable storage.
Entrance of Dirt
Entrance of dirt may be due to unclean parts,
sand in housing (castings), inadequate seals,
contaminated lubricants, Metallic abrasion from
gears brought into the bearing by the lubricant.
Brinelling
Brinelling is caused by static overloading, shock
and vibration on stationary bearing (e.g. during
transportation), passage of electric current through
the bearing.
• Outer ring of angular
• Deep groove ball bearing.
contact ball bearing
• Inner ring, outer ring, and balls
• Flaking of raceway surface
are flaked.
spacing equal to distances
• The cause is excessive load.
between balls.
• The cause is improper
handling.
• Inner ring of deep groove * Inner ring of spherical
ball bearing roller bearing.
• Flaking on one side of the * Flaking only on one side of
raceway surface the raceway surface.
• The cause is an excessive * The cause is an excessive
axial load. axial load.
• Tapered roller bearing • Outer ring of double row
• Flaking on 1/4 angular contact ball bearing.
circumference of inner • Flaking on 1/4 circumference
ring raceway with of outer ring raceway.
outer ring and rollers • The cause is poor installation.
discolored light brown.
• The cause is excessive
pre-load.
• Thrust ball bearing • Outer ring raceway of double
• Flaking on inner ring raceway row tapered roller bearing
(bearing ring fastened to (RCT bearing)
shaft) and balls. • Flaking originated from electric
• The cause is poor lubrication. pitting on the raceway
surface (refer to Section 5.13
“Electrical Pitting”)
• Rollers of spherical roller • Tapered roller bearing
bearing • Development of peelling to
• Peeling on rolling contact flaking on inner ring and rollers
surfaces • The cause is poor lubrication.
• The cause is poor
lubrication.
• Inner ring of • Inner ring of cylindrical roller
cylindrical roller bearing
bearing • Spallling on raceway surface
• Spalling on rib and cone back face rib
• The cause is excessive • The cause is poor lubrication.
load.
• Rollers of tapered roller
• Roller of cyllindrical roller
bearing
bearing
• Cycloidal spallling on the
• Score in axial direction on
end faces (Scuffing)
rolling contact surface caused
• The cause is poor
during mounting.
lubrication.
• The cause is poor mounting
practice.
• Roller of same bearing as that of
• Inner ring of cylindrical roller the inner ring shown in
bearing Photo D-1
• Smearing on raceway suface • Smearing on rolling contact surface
• The cause is slippage of rollers • The cause is slippage of rollers due
due to foreign objects to foreign objects
trapped within. trapped within.
• Inner ring of double row tapered roller
• Rollers of spherical thrust roller
bearing (RCTbearing)
bearings
• Smearing on raceway surface
• Smearing at middle of rolling
contact surfaces
• The cause is slippage of rollers due to
foreign objectstrapped within.
• Inner ring of double row Ball of deep groove ball bearing
tapered roller bearing (RCT • Speckled all over
bearing) • The cause is foreign objects and
• Raceway surface is speckled poor lubrication.
• The cause is electric pitting.
• Inner ring (cut off piece) of • Rollers of spherical roller
self-aligning roller bearing bearing
• Dents on one side of the • Dents on rolling contact
raceway surfaces
• The cause is trapping of • The cause is trapping of
solid foreign objects. solid foreign objects.
• Rollers of tapered roller bearings • Inner ring of tapered roller bearing
• Dents all over rolling contact • Dents on raceway surface
surfaces. (Temper color attwo ends.) • The cause is trapping of foreign
• The cause is foreign objects carried objects.
by lubricating oil.
• Cylindrical roller bearing
• Chipping of guide ribs of inner • Inner ring of spherical roller
and outer rings bearing
• The cause is excessive impact • Rib chipped
load. • The cause is excessive impact
load.
• Outer ring of four-row • Inner ring of spherical roller
cylindrical roller bearing bearing
• Split of raceway surface in the • Split of raceway surface in
circumferential direction the axial direction
originated from large flaking. • The cause is excessive
• The cause is large flaking. interference fit.
• Outer ring of tapered roller
• Inner ring of tapered roller bearing bearing
• Rusting on raceway surface spacing • Rusting on raceway surface
equivalent to the spacing equivalent to the
distance between rollers. distances between rollers.

The cause is water in lubricant. The cause is water in lubricant.


Some points are corroded.
• Inner ring (split type) of self-
• Inner ring of double row tapered
aligning roller bearing
roller bearing
• Rust and corrosion of the raceway
• Seizing-up discolors and softens
surface
inner ring producing stepped wear at
• The cause is ingress of water.
spacing equal to distances between the
rollers.
• The cause is poor lubrication.
• Inner ring of cylindrical roller • Rollers of tapered roller bearings
bearing • Electric pitting at middle of
• Raceway surface is corrugated rolling contact surfaces
by electric pitting
• Retainer of angular contact ball • Retainer of spherical roller bearing
bearing • Breakage of partitions between
• Breakage of machined high tension pockets of pressed steel
brass retainer L1 retainer

• The cause is poor lubrication.


• Retainer of tapered roller • Retainer of cylindrical roller
bearing bearing
• Breakage of pockets of pressed • Breakage of partitions between
steel retainer pockets of machined high
tension brass casting retainer L1.
Rolling Contact Bearing Trouble Shooting
Some common bearing troubles are listed here along with
their possible causes and effects on typical machinery .
Performance of bearing : Noisy running
Possible Cause : Damage tracks and rolling
elements.
Examples
Automobiles : Increasing shake in wheels.
Vibration in steering links and
associated components.
Fans : Increasing vibration.
Saw Frames : Increasing shocks and
fluctuation in spindle speed.
I.C. Engines : Increasing vibration in crank
shaft.
Performance of bearing : Diminishing accuracy in
operation.
Possible cause : Wear and tear resulting from
the presence of foreign
bodies, dirt, filings, chips,
of inadequate lubrication.
Damaged Track and rolling
elements.
Examples: Lathes : Gradual appearance of chatter
marks on work piece.
Grinders : Undulating surface on ground
section.
Cold rolling Mills : Surface imperfection on folled
material, appearing mostly
spasmodically, such as
undulation, shades, etc.
Performance of bearing : Extraordinary running
noise. High pitch scream or
whistle.
Possible cause : Insufficient running clearance.

Performance of bearing : Rattling or noise of varying


intensity.
Possible cause : Excessive running clearance.
Damaged race tracks. Foreign
matter. Unsuitable lubricant
(too heavy in consistency.)
Examples : Electric motor gears. (It is very difficult to
defect bearing noise in gears due to the performance of gear
whine and noise emanating from the gears themselves).
Performance of bearing : Gradual change in running noise .
Possible cause : Vibration in running clearance
due to influence of temperature. Damaged race tracks
due, for example, too contaminated lubricant or fatigue.

Performance of bearing : Excessive temperature Higher


temperature than usual with identical working
conditions. Possible cause : At medium and high
speeds. Insufficient running clearance. Unsuitable
and excessive lubrication. Faculty shafts seals or packing.
Rubbing seals with excessively tight fits. Labyrinth seals
rubbing against bearing.
Example : In the case of machines and equipment
manufactured in large quantity such faults are generally
detected on test and certified by suitable action as refitting
adjustment, etc.
Performance of bearing : Sudden rise in temperature
without any change in working conditions.
Possible cause : Insufficient or faulty lubrication
commencement of flanking.
Examples : Such faults in generally are detected in the
course of maintenance.

Performance of bearing : Sluggish running. Uniform high


resistance in rotation.
Possible cause : Bearings mounted out tune. Miss-alignment.
Excessive tight seals or packing. Excessive amount of
lubricant or heavy consistency of lubricant.
Examples : The excessive frictional resistance may in
general be ascertained when turning the bearing by
hand.
DO'S & DON'TS FOR HANDLING ROLLER BEARINGS
DO'S
1. Work with clean tools, in clean surroundings.
2. Remove all outside dirt from housing before exposing
bearings.
3. Handle with clean dry hands.
4. Treat a used bearing as carefully as the new one.
5. Use clean solvents and flushing oils.
6. Lay bearings out on clean paper .
7. Protect disassemble bearing s from dirt & moisture.
8. Use clean lint-free cloths if bearings are wiped.
9. Keep bearings wrapped in oil-proof paper when not in use.
10. Clean inside of housing before replacing bearings.
11. Install new bearings as removed from packages, without
washing.
12. Keep bearing lubricants clean when applying and cover
containers when not in use.
DON'TS

1. Don't work in dirty surroundings.


2. Don't use wood mallets or work on rough or dirty bench
tops.
3. Don't use dirty, brittle, or chipped tools.
4. Don't handle bearings with dirty moist hands.
5. Don't spin unclean bearings.
6. Don't spin any bearings with compressed air.
7. Don't use same container for cleaning and final rinsing of
bearings
8. Don't use cotton waste or dirty cloths to wipe bearings
9. Don't expose bearing to dirt or moisture at any time
10. Don't scratch or nick bearing surfaces.
11. Don't remove grease or oil from new bearings
12. Don't use incorrect kind or amount of lubricant
BEARINGS CONDITION MONITORING
Bearing accounts for the largest number of rotating
components in an industry and its healthy running can
ensure the productivity of the plant. Most of the
machine problems are accounted due to an ingenuity
developed in the bearings.

There are several methods for monitoring


bearing condition such as :

1. Vibration analysis.
2. Temperature
3. Sound, etc.
Shocks Pulse Analyzer

Shocks Pulse Analyzer is used to monitor

1. The mechanical condition of rolling contact


bearings (bearing damage development)

2. The lubrication condition of rolling bearings.


(lubricant film il1 the rolling interface)

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