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CHAPTER
structures called .
.
27. All mollusks EXCEPT bivalves have a rasping tonguelike organ called a(n)
29. Leeches differ from other annelids in that they lack both
and .
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
30. What is a trochophore?
31. Why are terrestrial snails more active when the air around them is moist?
Terrestrial snails have a mantle cavity that acts as a modified lung that exchanges oxygen
and carbon dioxide with the air. The thin membrane lining the mantle cavity must be kept
moist to allow gasses to diffuse through it. When the air is moist, snails have more oxygen
which results in more energy. In dry periods, snails become inactive and seal the opening of
their shells with a mucous plug.
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32. tentacles
33. pharynx 12. F
34. (sufficiently) cooked 13. T
35. snail 14. F
36. trichinosis 15. T
16. T
ESSAY 17. F
18. F
37. By beating their flagella, collar cells draw 19. T
water through a sponge’s many pores and
into the internal cavity of the sponge. The COMPLETION
collar cells trap and digest food particles
found in the water. The collar cells then 20. coelom
release nutrients into the mesoglea, where 21. nephridia
the nutrients are picked up by other special- 22. adductor
ized cells called amoebocytes. The amoebo- 23. gizzard
cytes carry nutrients to the rest of the 24. cerebral ganglion
sponge’s cells. 25. setae
26. siphons
38. Sperm are shed into the water and enter 27. radula
another sponge through its pores. Collar 28. Annelids
cells trap the sperm, which then pass into 29. parapodia, setae
the mesoglea, where the eggs reside. After
fertilization, flagellated larvae develop. ESSAY
These larvae swim out of the sponge, attach
to an object, and grow into adult sponges. 30. A trochophore is the distinct larval form
shared by both mollusks and annelids.
39. Some polyps are specialized for floatation,
some for feeding, and others for reproduction.
Biology: Principles and Explorations Test Prep Pretest Answer Key 195
31. The thin membrane that lines a terrestrial COMPLETION
snail’s mantle cavity must be moist for respi- 31. trilobites
ration to occur. During dry conditions, the 32. Insects
snail closes itself up in its shell. 33. exoskeleton
32. Septa are internal body walls that separate 34. brain
the segments of most annelids. 35. nymph
33. Cephalopods have strong, beaklike jaws and 36. caste
tentacles with either suction cups or hooks 37. lips, jaws, graspers
for seizing prey. They are highly intelligent 38. movement
and capable of complex behaviors, as demon- 39. Lyme disease
strated by their agility when catching prey. 40. larval
Also, they have excellent vision and can 41. complete metamorphosis
swim very rapidly. 42. adult, egg
43. pupa, chrysalis
34. The annelid body is segmented; the mollusk 44. Crustacea
body is not segmented. 45. four
35. Annelids are divided into three classes based 46. Crustaceans
on the number of setae they have and the 47. carnivores, herbivores
presence or absence of parapodia.
36. Earthworms respire by the diffusion of oxy- ESSAY
gen and carbon dioxide through their skin. 48. Both annelids and arthropods have a coelom
For this exchange of gases to occur, the skin and a segmented body.
must be kept moist. 49. Possible answers include jointed appendages,
segmentation, a distinct head, an exoskele-
ton, compound eyes, spiracles, Malpighian
CHAPTER 31 tubules, and wings.
Arthropods 50. Possible answers include appendages
branched at the ends, a distinctive larval
MULTIPLE CHOICE form, two pairs of antennae, three pairs of
1. d chewing appendages, and legs attached to
2. a their abdomen as well as their thorax.
3. c 51. Millipedes have two pairs of legs attached
4. b to each body segment and are herbivores.
5. c Centipedes have one pair of legs attached
6. d to each body segment and are carnivores.
7. c 52. Grasshoppers have two pairs of wings.
8. b A pair of leathery forewings protects the
9. c more-delicate flying wings.
10. c
53. During development, the larva exploits dif-
196 Biology: Principles and Explorations Test Prep Pretest Answer Key