Handling Increased Traffic

in Areas of Large Demand

Simon Yeung
President
Comba Telecom International

www.comba-telecom.com
© 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 What are the Areas of Large Demand?
Home, small-medium High street, downtown, large
venues/enterprises enterprise

Large venues: shopping centers, stadiums, airports, high rise buildings

Salvador Stadium, Bolshoy Ice Dome, Sochi

Galaxy Casino Mega Resort
2014 World Cup Brazil Winter Games
Macau

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 Increasing Traffic:
Evolution of In-Building Systems

• Macro Network was built without consideration of indoor coverage.

After network is built, customer complaints about coverage indoors.
• Operators building a repeater-driven inbuilding DAS system.
• Most are built using the -85dBm rule with no consideration of uplink,
balancing, etc
3 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 Increasing Traffic:
Evolution of In-Building Systems

• Band-Aid Coverage Solution  Capacity Focus

• No longer just DL -85dBm… Data Speed, SINR, SISO, MiMO,
DL/UL Balancing, etc

• Macro Network was built without consideration of indoor coverage.

After network is built, customer complaints about coverage indoors.
• In response, operators building a repeater-driven inbuilding DAS
system.
• Most are built using the -85dBm rule with no consideration of uplink,
balancing, etc
4 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 Increasing Traffic:
Evolution of In-Building Systems

• Mobile Data Usage exploding according to Cisco

(+61% CAGR 2013 – 2016 )
• 529MB/month  2.7GB/month (smartphone in
2018)
• Indoor traffic is dominant
• Subscribers complaints about network quality

• Band-Aid Coverage Solution  Capacity Focus

• No longer just DL -85dBm… Data Speed, SINR, SISO, MiMO,
DL/UL Balancing, etc

• Macro Network was built without consideration of indoor coverage.

After network is built, customer complaints about coverage indoors.
• In response, operators building a repeater-driven inbuilding DAS
system.
• Most are built using the -85dBm rule with no consideration of uplink,
balancing, etc
5 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
How to Handle
Increased Traffic?

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 High Data Speed Requires High HOM
Higher speed, need Higher Order Modulation (HOM)
Higher HOM, need Higher SINR
Higher signal strength, lower interference, need higher output power,
smaller cell and line-of-sight transmission
7 64QAM - 6 bits/sym

6 QPSK 1/3
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 2/3
Spectral efficiency [bits/s/Hz]

5 16QAM 1/2
16QAM 2/3
16QAM 4/5
4
64QAM 1/2
64QAM 2/3 16QAM – 4bits/sym
3 64QAM 4/5
Shannon

1 QPSK – 2 bits/sym

0
-5 0 5 10 15 20
SNR [dB]

7 7 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 High Data Speed Requires High SINR
As there is interference from Received Signal
nearby sites, the speed of LTE Strength (RSSI) dBm
system will be seriously degraded. -68
64QAM SINR 15~22
Signal-to- 16QAM SINR 10~15
To operate at peak efficiency, LTE Noise Ratio
requires a high-quality RF (SINR) QPSK SINR 5~10

environment No Link SINR < 5

-88
Fade Margin = 8 dB
High SINR (Signal-to-Interference -96
Noise Rise = 2 dB
Noise Ratio) -98
UE Noise Figure = 8 dB
•Make the cell smaller -104
Channel Noise Thermal Noise
•Manage the cell overlap = 10log(10MHz) Elements
-174
Thermal Noise Density (dBm/Hz)

Intercell Interference Leads

to Receiver Noise Rise

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 “Classic” DAS, Single RF source
“Classic” DAS, single RF source, 3 antennas, LTE technology
•No outdoor signal interference (dedicated indoor spectrum)
•No DAS sector overlap (single in-building sector)
•No SINR degradation between antennas

SINR (dB)
35

22

11

< -10
Source: iBwave

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 Inter-Sector Interference
Notable SINR degradation between different sectors
due to inter-cell interference.

SINR (dB)
35

22

11

Interference
Between Sectors < -10

Source: iBwave

Conclusion: Avoid placing multiple RF sources in

open/semi open space.
10 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 Macro Interference

With the introduction of outdoor macro signal, SINR is further

degraded
SINR (dB)
35

22

11

< -10
Outdoor Macro
Interference
Source: iBwave

Conclusion: Need more indoor antennas to overpower strong

outdoor macro signal.
11 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 How to Increase the SINR?
Increase indoor signal strength to avoid outdoor interference
and helps uniform coverage at periphery

One omni at centre Four panels at corners

Increase the density of antenna to increase SINR

dBm dBm

-55dBm
-70dBm

-90dBm

ANT1 ANT2 ANT1 ANT2 ANT3

Traditional Model: High EIRP, less ANTs New Model: Low EIRP, More ANTs

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 Home, Small & Medium Venue/Enterprise
The Small Cell & WiFi Proposition
Interference when large amount of small cells are
deployed
•High density justifies small cell  More interference
prone
•Interference reduces capacity and coverage of Macro
•Not achieving offload

Operator objective on deployment of home

femto/small cell for small to medium venues to:
•Improve voice services
•Improve data services
•Macro offload

Wi-Fi is complementary to small cells

•Users prefer Wi-Fi at home for data applications
•Voice is majority usage on small cell in home /small
venues
•Integrated Wi-Fi with auto authentication for seamless
experience

13 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Campus Hotspots

Scenario
•High density environment with many
concurrent high data users
•Traffic peak at class break and night time
•Utility ratio of Macrocell can be over 120%
at busy time
•Ubiquitous Wi-Fi also needed in most
public areas Utilization Ratio of Macro (Actual Traffic/Designed
Traffic)

Before Small Cell

deployment After Small Cell
deployment

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High Street, Downtown & Large Enterprise
Site Acquisition becoming the main issue
•Wants signal everywhere, just no sites
•Tower not an option in cities

Single Operator deployments- LTE Small Cells

•LTE small cells on existing street furniture
•LTE smalls cells for large enterprise customers
•Direct & effective solution

Multi band, Multi-Operator deployments – Outdoor DAS

•Sharing and hosting solution in downtown high traffic areas
•Downtown Jakarta, Indonesia
•Multi-Operator, multi-band outdoor DAS deployed for
metro/high street areas
•50+ sites enabled with 3G coverage and capacity solution
15 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 Large Venues
2014 World Cup Stadiums
Providing turnkey in-building DAS solutions and equipment
for 8 out of 12 2014 World Cup stadiums
2 phases of project (Confederation Cup 2013 & World Cup
2014)
Support multi-operators (5) and HetNet
•Frequencies: 700M, 800M, 850M, 1800M, 2100M, 2600MHz
•Systems: IDEN, GSM, UMTS, LTE + WiFI
Very high capacity demand (and wifi in some stadiums)
City Stadium Capacity (approx)
Sao Paulo Arena de Sao Paulo 62,000
Mané Garrincha*
Brasília 69,000
(Estadio Nacional)
*WiFi System installed

16 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Large Venues
The DAS Proposition
1. Generally requires a single shared architecture with 1 to 2 antennas per point
• Only DAS can offer this for multi-band, multi-standard, multi-operator solution

2. High capacity requirement means High SINR

a. Need antennas at perimeter to provide dominant and uniform signal with high
SINR
► Need future proof maintenance free non-active product in private areas

b. Need good out of band rejection to avoid interference from other operator
► Active remotes has weak or no in band rejection. Only custom built POI
provides rejection

c. Need to avoid inter-cell interference

► Simulcast increases trunking efficiency and avoid inter-cell interference

3. Cost effective
► Reuse and redeployment of existing and legacy DAS

17 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

Original Video Source & Copyright: SindiTeleBrasil 2014 Graphic Source: SindiTeleBrasil 2014
18 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 The Comba Solution Deployed
Indoor DAS (low power – 1W/band) Specialized Antennas

Remote Units Indoor Antenna

Outdoor Panel
Antenna

Master Unit

Omni Indoor Antenna

Outdoor DAS (high power – 40W/band) POI (Point of Interconnect)

Remote Units
Multi Operator POI

Master Unit Rack allows all BTS, POI

and MU to be located
in a central location

19 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Video Clip

Original Video Source & Copyright: SindiTeleBrasil 2014

20 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 Arena de Sao Paulo

- Host of the Opening Ceremony & Game of 2014 World Cup -

21 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Arena de Sao Paulo
62,000 crowd capacity
Comba Equipment Deployed
•18 sectors
•Complete DAS comprising:
►32 Master Units
►50 Remote Units
►12 Point of Interconnect (POI)
►400 Indoor Antennas
►Accessories including fiber, network monitoring
system etc.
•BTS Hotel facility
•24/7 on-site support and standby

Complete
system deployed
in 62 days

22 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Sector Distribution
#7 to #18 (Bleachers)
• Sectorization will use 12 sectors of the DAS to the bleachers, and the
percentage of coverage of each public sector are defined in the table below.

Sector
Setor %%Arquibancada
bleacher Espectadores
Audience
7 7.2 4680
8 7.6 4940
9 8.6 5590
10 8.9 5785
15 14 13 11 8.0 5200
12 8.4 5460
16 12 13 8.1 5265
14 8.5 5525
15 8.2 5330
16 8.3 5395
17 11 17 8.1 5265
18 9.2 5980

18 10

7 8 9

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 Sector Distribution
#1 - #4

Level 3 Level 2 Level 1

Sector #1, Level 3 Sector #2, Level 1,2

• VIP Lounge • Players' access to field • Parking
• Auditorium • Press Center • Cafeterias, Retail, Restrooms
• Technical Centers

Sector #4, Ground (also L1 & L2)

• Retail
• Access to lower spectator
Ground Level stands
Sector #3, Ground
• Retail
• Access to lower spectator
stands

24 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Sector #4, Level 1, 3 (also Ground)
• Access corridor for spectators • Access to the bleachers
• Cafeterias, Restrooms • Technical Centers

Level 5

Level 3 Level 1

Level 4

Sector #6, Level 3,4,5 Sector #5, Level 1

• Event Room • VIP Lounges
• VIP Lounges • VIP cabins
• Cafeteria & Restrooms • Mezzanine

25 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Local Support at the events
To ensure optimal system performance, on-site
local support for each tournament matches was
supplied
•local monitoring of the operation of the DAS
•continuous voice and data tests throughout

26 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Arena de Sao Paulo
Opening Ceremony & Croatia vs Brazil

During the opening ceremony and game held

at Arena de Sao Paulo:

Full capacity attendance: 62,103

135,000 voice calls
1,000,000+ data connections
•Ave. 0.55Mb  more than 550,000Mb data carried
over the network
26% of total data traffic on LTE
Peak time traffic spikes on 3G networks
with momentary congestion but overall,
satisfactory results.
Source: FIFA, SindiTelBrasil 2014

27 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Arena de Sao Paulo
(non WiFi enabled)
Voice and Data Trends

Data
Traffic

Voice
Traffic

Traffic
Opening Ceremony Soccer Game Period
13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00
Time
Network Traffic Trends
4G
Connections,
Intense voice traffic buildup as audience
285,000 , arrives at the stadium
26%
3G
Connections
Typical data peak time traffic just before
, 857,000 , the event starts with users exchanging
74%
emails and social media
uploads/downloads and remains high until
Original data source: SindiTelBrasil 2014
game kickoff
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What about Stadium with Wi-Fi?

Stadium Estadio Nacional, Brasilia

29 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Estadio Nacional, Brasilia
Switzerland v Ecuador
Voice and Data Trends
Voice, Connections
101,785
, 9%

Data,
1,026,000
, 91%

WiFi Data Traffic

150
Audience 68,351 for match: Switzerland v
125
Ecuador
100
Buildup of voice prior to event (users calling
75
upon arrival to venue)
50
Data intensive activity on mobile and wifi
25 networks
Soccer Game
0
•Sharp drop off on game kickoff
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00

30 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Snapshot: WiFi Enabled vs Non-WiFi
All Stadiums – First Games
Voice/Data Connections in first games of all 12 World Cup Stadiums
Connections Average Connections Average Connections Average
by Type Connections by Type Connections by Type Connections
per User per User per User
Wifi Data 8.8
8.3 8.3
7.7
30% 2,600,000 Mobile Data
Voice

4.3
47% 2,600,000
5,039,689
59% -
1.6 1.5 1.6
2,607,506
44% 2,432,183 84%
9% 477,069 0.0
11% 960,790 16% 483,721
All Stadiums Wi-Fi Enabled Stadiums Non Wi-Fi Stadiums
Original data source: SindiTeleBrasil 2014

The availability of Wi-Fi allows for incremental

data traffic
•Compare the reduction of mobile data
connections: 7.7 vs 8.8 average number of
connections per user in wi-fi and non-wi-fi
stadiums
Easing data congestion on mobile network by
wi-fi offloading
A migration of voice traffic to data networks –
users will use IM applications instead of voice
if wi-fi is available
•Average voice connection drop in presence of
wi-fi network
Total data traffic over mobile and wi-fi
networks = 4.2million MB (or over 4TB)

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 Effective Data Offload thru WiFi
Data Traffic Offloaded on WiFi per SSID in 1 hour Total traffic in 1 hr :
- Jun-15, 2-3pm, Switzerland vs Ecuador, Brasilia Stadium 81.8GB
OP 6 WIFI Web, Accumulated number
11.1GB, 1127 of WiFi clients: 10236
clients

OP 5 Wi-Fi SIM, OP 1 WIFI SIM,

13.3GB, 1962 35.8GB, 2838
clients clients

OP 2 WIFI Web,
OP 4 Wi-Fi Web, 10GB, 1515 clients
3,5GB, 1082 clients
OP 3 WiFi Web,
8.1GB, 1712 clients
32 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 Carrier class Wifi solutions

UAM (Universal Access Average WiFi traffic Throughput per SSID

Jun-15 Switzerland vs Ecuador (2-3pm)
Method) OP5 Web
25Mbps, 1127 OP 1 SIM
OP4 SIM 80Mbps,
clients
30Mbps, 2838
EAP-SIM (2 out of 5) 1,962 clients
clients

Statistics shows more

OP 4 Web
EAP-SIM clients with 8Mbps,
more WiFi data used, 1,082
clients
demonstrating effective OP3 Web
OP2
18Mbps,
mobile offloading 1712 Web
clients 22Mbps,
1515 clients

33 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

Conclusion

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 Side-by-Side Comparison
DAS Small Cell Wi-Fi Converged Solution

Home Small cell + Wi-Fi

F&B/Boutique
Small /Medium
Venue

Small Cell + DAS

Enterprise/High St.
/Downtown
Wi-Fi over DAS

Large Venue
DAS + Wi-Fi
• Can leverage on • Rapid • Does not handle voice
existing DAS systems in implementation • Data offload • Best Value
upgrading • Limited scalability • Can be integrated into • Ease of Construction
• Relatively costly and (in coverage) existing/new systems • Total Solution
lengthy • Low TCO
• Easily scalable COMPLEMENT
• Simplify
MEDIUM/LARGE VENUE SMALL/MEDIUM Management
VENUE • High Scalability
35 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved
 About Comba

Complete product portfolio and services capabilities for end-to-

end solutions : Trusted partner of world’s mobile operators
•Tier 1 Global Antenna Vendor (Source: EJL Research 2013)
•Top 2 Global DAS Vendor (Source: Infonetics 2013)

Brazil World Cup 2014 Macau Galaxy Casino & Resort Sochi Winter Games 2014

Wireless Wireless Antennas Small Cell

Enhancement Backhaul Tower Mounted Solutions Solutions
Beijing Summer Games 2008 Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Abu Dhabu

60+ Direct offices around the world 1,600+ patents (granted & pending) around
80+ Countries with Comba solutions deployed the world
9,500 Employees around the world Continued investment in new product
4 Advanced R&D centers on 2 continents development & markets
•Average 5% of sales revenue invested annually in R&D
Expanded R&D facilities to open end 2014/5

36 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Parting Thoughts…

100% capacity fulfilment can be met (for the

short term), but….

… What is the balance point between building

wireless network to handle optimal voice and
data traffic and effective ROI?

37 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved

 Simon Yeung

President, Comba Telecom Limited

simon,yeung@comba-telecom.ccom

38 © 2014 Comba Telecom. All Rights Reserved