Traffic Flow Study at Majura-Gate Intersection of Surat City

GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Emerging Research and Innovations in Civil Engineering
(ERICE - 2019) | February 2019

e-ISSN: 2455-5703
Traffic Flow Study at Majura-Gate Intersection of

Surat City
1Vaidehi J. Patel 2Neha D. Solanki 3Ankita J. Patel 4V. G. Yadav
1,2,3
UG Student 4Assistnat Professor
1,2,3,4
Department of Civil Engineering
1,2,3,4
GEC, Surat, Gujarat, India
Abstract
Traffic on the existing road is increase due to rapid modernization and industrialization due to extremely growth of vehicles all
over the world. Some problems like congestion, delay and pollution remain a big challenge because of this. For continuous
movement of vehicles through intersection, efficient traffic signal control is provided at the intersection. Volume, speed and density
are the three main parameter of traffic flow. Primary objective of implementing Traffic volume study are designing, planning and
improving traffic system. This paper represents the actual traffic behaviour and its characteristics. For which we carried out
classified volume count study by Videography method at Majura Gate intersection, Surat, Gujarat, India. Collected data further
extracted for the analysis purpose. From the analysis it is concluded that traffic flow influence by flyover-bridge and this flow
contains higher percentage of motorcycle, rickshaw and car.
Keyword- Volume Count, Road Capacity, Passenger Car Unit
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
The term Traffic congestion influences various aspects of traffic engineering (Pratik et al., 2018). Exponential increase in number
of vehicles compared to snail pace improvement of road causes many problems like traffic congestion, high accident rate and
insufficient facilities (Neha et al., 2018). Traffic engineering uses various engineering techniques to obtain safe and well organized
movement of people, vehicles and goods. Traffic engineering concentrates on planning and designing of road geometry, sidewalks,
crosswalks, traffic signs, pavement marking and traffic lights for obstruction less traffic movement. Traffic engineering deals with
the useful part of transportation system.
Transportation is carrying civilization to a brighter future. While designing any structure it is necessary to calculate the
loads coming on it to determine the reinforcement to be provided for safe functioning of the structure. In transportation volume
serves the identical purpose. For planning, designing, scheduling, safe operation and development of transportation system the
prime requisite is traffic volume. Traffic volume is the number of vehicles passing a section of a roadway at some stage in precise
unit of time (Abrar and Rakesh, 2018).
Expressing traffic volume as number of vehicles passing a given section of road or traffic lane per unit time will be
inappropriate when several types of vehicles with widely varying static and dynamic are comprised in the traffic. The problem of
measuring volume of such traffic has been addressed by converting the different types of vehicles into equivalent passenger cars
and expressing the volume in terms of Passenger Car Unit (PCU) per hour (Meruga Siva et al., 2017). Intersection Manual count
of 15- min intervals used to find out the traffic volume (Raj et al., 2018).
The interaction between moving vehicles under such heterogeneous traffic condition is highly complex. Volume is not
constant. It increases with time. So a continuous method of calculating volume is matter of great importance for smooth functioning
of transportation system if traffic volume isn’t measured continuously then the transportation system may fail and the economic
system of the country may additionally face a difficulty.
The main objectives of the study are:
– To carry out classified traffic volume survey on selected section of city
– To study the traffic flow pattern
– To determine percentage share of vehicle on road
For analysis of Traffic characteristics various traffic studies are carried out. These studies are helpful to decide the
geometric design features for safe and efficient traffic flow. The various studies are as follows:
1) Traffic volume study
2) Speed study
3) Spot speed study
4) Speed and delay study
5) Origin and destination study
6) Traffic flow characteristics
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Traffic Flow Study at Majura-Gate Intersection of Surat City
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / ERICE - 2019 / 058)
7) Traffic capacity study

8) Parking study
9) Accident study.
Traffic volume study can be defined as the process to determine volume of vehicles moving on the roads at particular
intersection at particular time. Main purpose of traffic survey is as traffic control and management, traffic monitoring, traffic
forecasting and traffic management. Traffic volume study is used as a quantity measure flow; the commonly used unit is vehicle
per day and vehicle per hour.
Traffic volume study is useful to evaluate the numbers, movement and classification of vehicle at location. Traffic data
are very useful for planning, designing, research, management and regulation of traffic. The length of the sampling period depends
upon which type of count being taken and the purpose of the recorded data. Normally 15 minute interval could be used for obtain
the traffic volume data.
II. STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION

Brief detail of survey location and its location is discussed below.
A. Study Area
Majura Gate intersection on ring road area of Surat was selected as part of Traffic Volume study for the analysis of traffic
characteristics. Data was collected through Videography. As Majura Gate is a 4-way intersection, 4 survey stations were established
on each of the different stretch. (Refer to Figure 1)
Location was selected due to high traffic volume and mixed traffic at Majura Gate intersection. At Majura Gate
intersection, traffic flow on major road is influenced by flyover-bridge and resultantly traffic flow on road is less compared to the
minor road. Major road of the Majura Gate intersection is situated on E-W direction and Minor road is situated on N-S direction.
Traffic flow from S→N direction is diverted by flyover-bridge to S→W direction.
Fig. 1: Study Area-Majura Gate intersection
B. Time of Survey
Classified volume count survey was conducted as a part of study, from which percentage share of different category of vehicle at
Majura Gate intersection were obtained. Videography survey was carried out on Wednesday, 5 December 2018. 3 videos of 1hr
period were recorded in morning (9:00 am to 10:00 am), afternoon (1:00 pm to 2:00 pm) and evening (6:00 pm to 7:00 pm).
III. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

Based on data extracted from videos, proportion of different category of vehicles forming the traffic is obtained as given in Table
1.

CATEGORY CAR BIKE RICKSHAW BICYCLE BUS TRUCK TRACTOR LCV HAND Flow
TIME -CART (PCU)/hr
N→S MORNING FLOW 90 959 208 48 11 10 2 30 1 960.5
DIRECTION (9:00 AM TO 10:00 AM)
(STRAIGHT
FLOW) NOON FLOW 172 1223 176 14 12 4 1 40 3 1140
(1:00 pm to 2:00 pm)
EVENING FLOW 142 1430 201 34 9 0 0 24 0 1169.2

(6:00 pm to 7:00 pm)
TOTAL 404 3612 585 96 32 14 3 94 4

N→W MORNING FLOW 8 105 14 11 1 0 0 3 1 94.4
(RIGHT NOON FLOW 47 266 35 5 1 0 0 6 2 243.3
TURN (1:00 pm to 2:00 pm)
FLOW)
EVENING FLOW 37 343 26 2 0 0 0 1 0 238.3
(6:00 pm to 7:00 pm)
TOTAL 92 714 75 18 2 0 0 10 3
S→N MORNING FLOW 119 760 176 52 10 1 1 12 1 775.1
(STRAIGHT NOON FLOW 191 1059 225 5 25 3 0 33 2 1100.4
FLOW) (1:00 pm to 2:00 pm)
EVENING FLOW 158 1145 208 19 9 1 0 24 3 1054.2
(6:00 pm to 7:00 pm)
TOTAL 468 2964 609 76 44 5 1 69 6
S→W MORNING FLOW 93 377 191 20 0 0 0 2 2 494.1
(RIGHT NOON FLOW 120 601 153 21 0 0 0 7 0 603.6
FLOW)
EVENING FLOW 90 375 177 5 0 0 0 6 2 479.8
(6:00 pm to 7:00 pm)
TOTAL 303 1353 521 46 0 0 0 15 4
E→W MORNING FLOW 15 57 388 41 15 0 0 3 2 511.4
(STRAIGTH NOON FLOW 17 119 221 8 14 4 0 1 1 361.3
FLOW) (1:00 pm to 2:00 pm)
EVENING FLOW 44 167 193 10 13 0 0 1 0 367.3
(6:00 pm to 7:00 pm)
TOTAL 76 343 802 59 42 4 0 5 3
E→N MORNING FLOW 47 256 89 10 13 2 0 13 0 350.4
(RIGHT NOON FLOW 117 390 107 4 9 9 0 24 2 548.2
FLOW)
EVENING FLOW 145 453 131 4 9 2 0 16 1 585.3
(6:00 pm to 7:00 pm)
TOTAL 309 1099 327 18 31 13 0 53 3
Table 1: Classified Volume Count
– Traffic from North to South direction
(Sharada Ben Circle to Prajapati Brahma Marg)

(a) (b)
Fig. 2: Percentage share of straight flow in N→S direction (a) Morning flow (b) Noon flow (c) Evening flow
N-S direction come under minor road and traffic flows from North to south is not directly influenced by flyover-bridge. Under
mixed traffic flow, the minor road is highly utilized by motorcycle and little percentage of passenger car and rickshaw as shown
in Pie-charts (Figure 2. a-c). Very little percentages of bicycle, bus, truck and light commercial vehicle (LCV) were negotiating
minor road.
Fig. 3: Straight flow in N→S direction
From column chart given in Figure 3, it can be observed that flow during evening peak hour (6:00 pm to 7:00 pm) is more
than the morning peak hour (9:00 am to 10:00 am). But during afternoon period (1:00 pm to 2:00pm) number of Cars and LCVs
are more compared to other periods. Also, the number of bicycles and trucks are more during morning peak (9:00 am to 10:00 am)
than those during other periods.

– Traffic from North to West direction

(Sharada Ben Circle to Udhna Darwaja)
(a) (b)
Fig. 4: Percentage share of right-turn flow in N→W direction (a) Morning flow (b) Noon flow (c) Evening flow
N→W Right turn flow is low compare to N→S straight flow (Refer Figure 2 & 4). In mix proportion of vehicle, percentage of
motorcycle is higher than the other category of vehicle.
Fig. 5: Right-turn flow in N→W direction
Right turn flow during Afternoon period is more comparing to other periods due to more number of Car, Rickshaw and
LCV in that period as shown in Figure 5. However percentage of motorcycle is more during evening peak. Turning flow during
morning peak is very less than that of the noon and evening period.
– Traffic from South to North direction
(Prajapati Brahma Marg to Sharada Ben Circle)

(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 6: Percentage share of straight flow in S→N direction (a) Morning flow (b) Noon flow (c) Evening flow
Similar to the N→S straight flow, Traffic flow South to North direction contains higher percentage of motorcycle, car and rickshaw.
It also includes very few percentages of bicycle, bus and LCV as shown in Figure 6 (a, b, c). In mix vehicle proportion during
morning peak percentage of rickshaw is more in compare of other periods.
Fig. 7: Straight flow in S→N direction
Traffic flow is high during afternoon period compare to others as number of car, rickshaw, bus and LCV is higher than
that of during other periods as shown in Figure 7 (a, b, c). On other side proportion of bicycle is high during morning peak and
number of motorcycle is higher during evening peak than that of the morning and noon periods.
– Traffic from South to East direction
(Prajapati Brahma Marg to Udhna Darwaja)

(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 8: Percentage share of right-turn flow in S→E direction (a) Morning flow (b) Noon flow (c) Evening flow
Right turn flow (S→E) is low compared to straight flow (S→N) as major traffic flow is diverted through flyover-bridge (Refer
Figure 1, 6, & 8). However, flow on S→E right turn is higher than that of N→W right turn flow. There is a considerable left turn
movement at intersection.
Fig. 9: Right-turn flow in S→E direction
Similar to S→N straight flow, S→E right turn flow is high during afternoon period than the other periods and flow is
lower during evening period as shown in Figure 9.
– Traffic from East to West direction
(Udhna Darwaja to Athwa Gate)

(a) (b)
Fig. 10: Percentage share of straight flow in E→W direction (a) Morning flow (b) Noon flow (c) Evening flow
From pie chart (Figure 10. a-c) it can be concluded that traffic flow from east to west contain higher percentage of rickshaw,
motorcycle and car. Compare to minor road percentage of rickshaw is more on major road as ring road (Udhna Darwaja to Athwa
Gate) connected to station and market and also due to location of civil hospital.
Fig. 11: Straight flow in E→W direction
From tab. 1 it is clear that traffic flow from east to west is lower compare to the minor roads as major flow cross the
intersection through flyover-bridge. Traffic flow during morning peak is relatively higher than that of the evening and noon periods
and it contain higher percentage of rickshaw and bicycle as shown in Figure 11 (a, b, c). While on other side number of car and
motorcycle increase from morning to evening peak and number of rickshaw reduced, vice-versa.
– Traffic from East to North direction
(Udhna Darwaja to Sharda Ben Circle)
Sharda Ben Circle road come under minor road and its ROW is lesser compare to other arms of the intersection. Therefore, there
is no provision of flyover-bridge to divert traffic flow from Udhna Darwaja to Sharda Ben Circle road. Which is influence on

intersection operation as right turn flow and u-turn flow is more on this side. This flow contains higher percentage of motorcycle,
car and rickshaw as shown in pie chart (Figure 12. a-c).
(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 12: Percentage share of right-turn flow in E→N direction (a) Morning flow (b) Noon flow (c) Evening flow
Fig. 13: Right-turn flow in E→N direction
Traffic flow during evening peak is high with higher percentages of motorcycle, car and rickshaw and traffic flow is low
during morning period. Number of truck is comparatively more during afternoon period (Refer Figure 13).
– Traffic from West to East direction
(Athwa Gate to Udhna Darwaja)

(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 14: Percentage share of straight flow in W→E direction (a) Morning flow (b) Noon flow (c) Evening flow
Similar to E→W straight traffic flow, some portion of W→E straight traffic flow diverted or cross the intersection through flyover
bridge and less compare to the N→S and S→N straight traffic flow as shown in Table 1. However W→E straight traffic flow
contains higher percentage of motorcycle, rickshaw and car.
Fig. 15: Straight flow in W→E direction
Moring traffic flow is high and evening traffic flow is low as shown in Figure 15.
– Traffic from West to South direction
(Udhna Darwaja to Prajapati Brahma Marg)

(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 16: Percentage share of right-turn flow in W→S direction (a) Morning flow (b) Noon flow (c) Evening flow
Percentage share of motorcycle is high in mix proportion of vehicle for mix traffic flow from west to south side (right turn flow).
Also, car count is more than the rickshaw count in this turning flow.
Fig. 17: Right-turn flow in W→S direction
W→S direction right-turn flow is also not diverted through Flyover- bridge. So this flow passes through intersection and
it is considerably high in comparison of any other right turn flow. During morning and evening peak turning flow is more with

high concentration of motorcycle, car and rickshaw. Also, bicycles, LCV, bus, truck, tractor and handcart are influence on mix
traffic flow as shown in Figure 16 & 17.
IV. CONCLUSION
– Flyover-bridge is situated on W-E or E-W direction (Ring road) and one arm merges from south direction. Therefore straight
traffic flow on W-E direction (Ring road) is low in comparison of right turn flow as major traffic flow crosses the intersection
through bridge in order to avoid delay due to traffic congestion.
– On other hand straight traffic flow is more on minor road, i.e., on N-S (S-N) direction compared to right turn flow as there is
no separate provision of flyover bridge to cross the intersection.
– From the analysis of collected data, it can be concluded that roads are most utilized by motorcycle (highest), followed by auto-
rickshaw (2nd highest) and passenger car (3rd highest).
– On minor roads, numbers of trucks are less compared to major road. The numbers of trucks are highest on W→S direction
(right turn flow).
– Auto-Rickshaw has the 2nd highest count and it is travelling more on major road (Ring road) compare to minor road.
– On minor road (N-S or S-N direction), highest Light Commercial Vehicle count was recorded. However, in case of major road
more LCV took right turn compared to straight flow.
REFERENCE
[1] Abrar Ul Haq Bhat and Dr. Rakesh Gupta (2018), “A Review Paper on Study of Traffic Volume and Its Safety Measures on
National Highways” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Vol. 5 Issue 7, PP. 1346-1348.
[2] Bhavneet Singh and Dr. Tripta Goyal (2015), “Study of Traffic Volume and Level of Service of Panjab University,
Chandigarh” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Vol. 5 Issue 7, PP. 09-14.
[3] Manjunath K. R and Lohith R M (2013). “Origin-Destination Studies -A Case Study Of Junction Improvements In Bangalore
City”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 7, PP. 2253-2258
[4] Meruga Siva, Parvathi and Basavaraj Akki (2017), “Classified Traffic Volume Study at Ghatekesar Junction” International
Journal of Engineering and Techniques, Vol. 3 Issue 6, PP. 420-435.
[5] Neha D. Solanki, Ankita J. Patel and Vipin G. Yadav (2018), “Modernisation of Traffic Sign and Markings (India V/S Other
Country) for Effective Traffic Management: State Of Art” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
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[6] Pratik V. Parmar, Vaidehi J. Patel and Vipin G. Yadav (2018), “Management of Traffic at Road Intersection using Software
Modelling” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol. 5 Issue 12, PP. 72-85.
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GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Emerging Research and Innovations in Civil Engineering

(ERICE - 2019) | February 2019

Traffic Flow Study at Majura-Gate Intersection of

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 284

7) Traffic capacity study

II. STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION

Fig. 1: Study Area-Majura Gate intersection

III. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

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EVENING FLOW 142 1430 201 34 9 0 0 24 0 1169.2

TOTAL 404 3612 585 96 32 14 3 94 4

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Fig. 3: Straight flow in N→S direction

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– Traffic from North to West direction

Fig. 5: Right-turn flow in N→W direction

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Fig. 7: Straight flow in S→N direction

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Fig. 9: Right-turn flow in S→E direction

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Fig. 11: Straight flow in E→W direction

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Fig. 13: Right-turn flow in E→N direction

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Fig. 15: Straight flow in W→E direction

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Fig. 17: Right-turn flow in W→S direction

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