Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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In case any candidate answers more than 15, 35 and 25 questions in Part A, B and C respectively only first 15, 35 and 25 questions
in Parts A, B and C respectively will be evaluated. Questions in Parts “A” and “B” carry two marks each and Part “C” questions
carry four marks each. There will be negative marking @25% for each wrong answer. Below each question, four alternatives or
responses are given. Only one of these alternatives is the “CORRECT” answer to the question.
PART A
1. ͳͷΨ ͷǤ
Ǥ ǡ Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ ͻ ǡ
Ǥ
ͳͷΨǤ
Ǥ
ǫ(Answer 1)
ǫȋͳȌ
1. Species A requires long duration of day while species B
needs a shorter day
ʹǤ
͵Ǥ
ͶǤ
9.ͳǯ
ͳͳͲͳͲͳȋͳȌ
(1) 1011 ȋʹȌͲͲͳͳ
ȋ͵ȌͲͳͲͲ ȋͶȌͲͳͳͲ
10.
ȋͳǡͳȌǫ
ȋͳȌy αʹx Ϊ͵ ȋʹȌʹy αx
ȋ͵Ȍx αͳ ȋͶȌx αy Ϊͳ
11Ǥ
ͳȋȌ
ǫȋʹȌ
ȋͳȌ
(2) CaCl2
ȋ͵Ȍ͵ ȋͶȌ
4.
ǫ(Answer 4 ) 12.
ͳǤ ʹǤ ͳǡʹǡ͵ǥͻǫȋ͵Ȍ
͵Ǥ 4. D ȋͳȌͷͲ ȋʹȌͺͳ
(3) 45 ȋͶȌ͵
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13.
ȋͳʹȌ PARTB
21.
C6H12 + x O2 ĺ y CO2 + z H2O ǫȋͳȌ
xǡy zǡ
ǡȋͳȌ 1. C–O ʹǤ
(1) 9, 6, 6 ȋʹȌͳͲǡǡͶ ͵Ǥ ͶǤ
ȋ͵ȌǡͳʹǡͳͲ ȋͶȌͶǡͺǡͳʹ
22. ͳΨȋȀȌ
ǤͳͷɊ
14.
ȋ͵͵Ȍ Ⱦ ȋͳͷʹǡͲͲͲȌǤȋα
ǡ ȋȌ ͵ͶʹȌ
ͺǤͷǤ
ǫȋͶȌ
ȋͳȌ ȋʹȌͳ ͳǤͲǤʹͷͳͲͷȂͳǤ ʹǤʹͷͳͲͷȂͳǤ
ȋ͵Ȍʹ (4) 3 ͵ǤʹǤͷͳͲͷȂͳǤ ͶǤʹǤͷͳͲͶȂͳǤ
15.
Ǥ 23.
ȋͳȌ ǫȋ͵Ȍ
(1) a dominant CO2 atmosphere ͳǤͶ ʹǤ
ȋʹȌ 3. 7 ͶǤ͵
ȋ͵Ȍ
ȋͶȌ 24.
ǫȋʹȌ
16. ǡ
ͳǤ
Ǥ 2. Bacteriorhodopsin.
Ǥ ͳͲǡ ͵ǤǤ ͶǤ
Ǥ
(Answer 2) 25.
ǫȋʹȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ
2. The diameter of the head group would be much larger
than the acyl chain and would tend to form micelles rather
than bilayers.
17.
ȋͳ ǡ ͵Ǥ
Ǥ
Ȍ
Ǥ
ͶǤ
ͺΨ ʹǡ ʹͳΨ ʹǡ ͲǤͻΨ
Ǥ
ʹ ȋͲǤͲͶΨȌ ȋͲǤͲʹΨȌǤ
ͳͲȂ͵ ǡ
26.
(Answer 2)
ǫ
ͳǤʹʹʹ ȋͳȌ
2. N2, O2, Ar approximately equal and greater than H2O 1. Na+ pump. ʹǤΪǤ
͵Ǥʹǡʹǡǡʹʹ ͵ǤʹΪǤ ͶǤʹΪǤ
ͶǤʹǡʹǡǡʹʹ
27.
not
18.
ǡ ǫȋʹȌ
Ǥ ͳǤ
ȋͳȌ Ǥ
(1) light reflected by the organ and transmitted by internal 2. Dissociation elements are autonomous in nature.
reflection through the fibre ͵Ǥ
ȋʹȌ
Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤ
ȋ͵Ȍ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋͶȌ
28.
ȋvir Ȍǡ
Ǥ Agrobacterium ǡ
ȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤ
Ǥ ʹǤǤ
19. 3. acetosyringone. ͶǤǤ
ɅǡͲͲδɅδ
ͳͺͲͲȋʹȌ 29.
ȋͳȌʹͶ (2) 12
ǡ Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ͵ ȋͶȌͶͺ ȋʹȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ 2. allelic.
20.
͵Ǥ
ǤͶǤǤ
ȋͶȌ
30.
Ϊ hisΪ
leuΪ thrΪ proΪ
Ȃ hisȂleu– thr pro
ʹͷ Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ
ǣ
Genotype Number of colonies
x ǫ hisΪ Ͳ
ͳǤ
leuΪ ͳ͵
ʹǤ
thrΪ ʹ
͵Ǥ
proΪ
4. pH or temperature
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41. ǡ
ǫȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤthrǡleuǡproǡhis
ʹǤpro,leuǡthr his
Ǥ ȋ͵Ȍ
͵Ǥthrǡleuǡproǡhis
ͳǤǤ ʹǤ
Ǥ
ͶǤhis, proǡleuǡthr ͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤ
Ǥ
31. Ͷͺ ʹ
42. ǡ Ȁ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ ͳ
ǡ Ǥ
Ͳ
ǤͷͲͲ ʹǡ
ǫȋʹȌ
ʹͶͺ
ʹʹ
Ǥ ͳǤ
ȋȌǤ
ǫ ʹǤ
ȋȀȌǤ
ȋͳȌ ͵Ǥ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
1. Four. ʹǤǤ ͶǤ
Ǥ
͵ǤǤ ͶǤǤ
43.
ȋȌ
32.
ǡ
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ȋ͵Ȍ ȋͶȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ ͳǤǤ ʹǤ
Ǥ
ʹǤ
Ǥ ͵ǤǤ ͶǤǤ
3. occurs mostly using the homologous chromosome as a
template 44.
ͶǤ
Ǥ ȋʹȌ
ͳǤǤ
33.
ʹǤ
Ǥ
ǫȋͶȌ ͵Ǥ
Ǥ
ͳǤ ʹǤ ͶǤǤ
͵Ǥ
4. Thyroxine
45.
34.
ȋ͵Ȍ
ȋͳȌ ͳǤ
1. dihydrofolate reductaseʹǤǤ
Ǥ
͵ǤǤ ͶǤ
Ǥ ʹǤ
ǡ
35.
Ǥ
ǫȋʹȌ ͵Ǥ
ͳǤ 2. IgG
Ǥ
͵Ǥ ͶǤ ͶǤ
Ǥ
36.
46.
ȋʹȌ
ȋ Ȍ ǡ ͳǤǤ
ȋʹȌ ʹǤ
Ǥ
ͳǤǤ 2. epidermis. ͵ǤǤ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤǤ
ͶǤǤ
47. ̵ȋ͵Ȍ
37.
ͳǤǤ ʹǤ
Ǥ
Ǥ ͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤ
Ǥ
ȋͶȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ ʹǤǤ 48. E. coli
ͳͷ
͵ǤǤ 4. progesteroneǤ
Ǥ
38.
̵
̵
ǡ
Caenorhabditis elegansǤ ȋͳȌ
ȋʹȌ ͳǤ
ͳǤǤ ͳͶͳͷǤ
2. all the six cells are competent to form vulva and can ʹǤ
ͳͶͳͷ
replace each other under various experimental conditions. Ǥ
͵Ǥ
ǡ ͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͳͶͳͷǤ
ͶǤ
Ǥ ͶǤ
ͳͶ
ͳͷǤ
39.
ǡ
ȋʹȌ 49.
ͳǤ
Ǥ 2. planes of cell division. ͷƍĺ͵ƍ
ǫȋͶȌ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤ
Ǥ ͳǤ
ʹǤ
͵Ǥ
ͶǤ
40.
ȋͶȌ
ͳǤͺͲǤ ʹǤǤ
͵ǤǤ ͶǤǤ
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50.
59.
cannot ȋͶȌ
ǫȋʹȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ
ʹǤ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
51.
trp E. coli
ȋʹȌ
ͳǤ
trp Ǥ
ʹǤ
trp Ǥ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ 60. ǡ
ͶǤ
trp
ǫȋͳȌ
Ǥ ͳǤ
Ǥ ʹǤǤ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤǤ
52. ǡ
ȋ 61.
ͶȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ
ʹǤǤ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ
ͶǤǤ
53.
ȋͶȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ ʹǤ̵̵Ǥ
͵ǤǤ ͶǤǤ Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤ
Ǥ ʹǤǤ
54.
ȋ͵Ȍ ͵ǤǤ ͶǤǤ
ͳǤ Ǥ
ʹǤ
Ǥ 62.
͵ǤǤ
ǫȋ͵Ȍ
ͶǤ
Ǥ ͳǤ ʹǤ
͵Ǥ ͶǤ
55. not
ȋͳȌ 63.
ͳǤ
Ǥ ǫȋʹȌ
ʹǤ
Ǥ ͳǤ ʹǤ
͵ǤǤ ͵Ǥ
ͶǤ
ͶǤǤ
64.
56.
ǫȋͳȌ
ǫȋʹȌ ͳǤ
Ǥ ʹǤ
Ǥ
ͳǤ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤ
Ǥ
ʹǤ
65.
ǡ
ǡ
ǫ
Ǥ ȋʹȌ
͵Ǥ
ͳǤ ǡ Ǥ ʹǤ ǡǤ
Ǥ ͵Ǥ ǡǤ ͶǤǡ Ǥ
ͶǤ
Ǥ 66.
57.
ȋʹȌ
ȋȌǡ
ȋȌ ͳǤ
ǤʹǤ
Ǥ
ȋȀȌȋʹȌ ͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤ
Ǥ
ͳǤʹ ʹǤȀʹǤ
͵ǤǤ ͶǤȀͶ 67.
ǡ
ǤȋʹȌ
58.
S. Procedure Total Activity
ȋͶȌ No. protein(mg) (units)
ͳǤ
Ǥ Ǥ
ʹͲǡͲͲͲ ͶǡͲͲͲǡͲͲͲ
Ǥ
ͷǡͲͲͲ ͵ǡͲͲͲǡͲͲͲ
ʹǤ
Ǥ Ǥ
ʹͲͲ ͺͲͲǡͲͲͲ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ
ͷͲ ͷͲǡͲͲͲ
Ǥ Ǥ
Ͷͷ ͷǡͲͲͲ
ͶǤ ʹ Ͷ
Ǥ
ͳǤǤ ʹǤǤ
͵ǤǤ ͶǤǤ
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68.
76Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ Ǥ
ȋʹȌ ǫȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤǤ ʹǤǤ ͳǤ
Æ
͵ǤǤ ͶǤǤ Æ
69.
͵Ͳ ʹǤ
Ǥ
ͶǤ ʹ
Ϊͳ ͵Ǥ
Æ
Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤ ȾǤ ʹǤȾǤ
Æ
͵Ǥ Ǥ ͶǤǤ
Æ
70. ͵ʹ͵ͲǡͳʹͲǤ ͶǤ
Æ
ȋͳ
α͵ǤͳͲͳͲȌ ȋ
͵Ȍ
ͳǤͳͷǡͲͲǤ ʹǤͳǤ͵ͳͲǦʹǤ 77.
͵ǤͺͳǤͳͲǦʹǤ ͶǤͳǤ͵ͳͲǦͺǤ
Ǥ ǡ
PART C
Ǥ ǮN’
71.
Ƚ
ǮtǮɊǯDz
̍
͵ͲǡͲͲͲ
ʹ
ȋͳȌ
Ǧͳ
ʹʹʹȋȏɅȐʹʹʹȌ
ʹͲ ͷͲ ͲǤ
ͷͲͲǡ ȏɅȐʹʹʹ
ʹǡͲͲͲ
ʹ
ͳ ͲͲ ȏɅȐʹʹʹ
ͲͲǤ ȏɅȐʹʹʹ ͳͶǡͲͲͲ
ʹ
ͳ ͲͲǤ
ǡ
Ƚ 78.
ȋ
Ȍ
ͲͲȋ͵Ȍ
Ǥ
ͳǤͲǤͶͲ ʹǤͲǤͶ͵
ǡ Dz
dz
͵ǤͲǤͷͲ ͶǤͲǤͷ Ǥ
ǣ
72. ͳͲͲ ͲǤͲʹ
ȋKα ͶǤȌ ȋȌ
ͲǤͲʹ Ǥ
ǡ ȋȌ
ʹǤǤ ȋȌ
ȋͶȌ ȋȌ
Ǥ
ͳǤͲΨǤ ʹǤͳͲΨǤ ȋʹȌ
͵ǤͻͲΨǤ ͶǤͻͻΨǤ ͳǤȋȌǤ ʹǤȋȌǤ
͵ǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌǤ ͶǤȋȌǤ
73. ȋȌǡ
ȋȌǤ
ȋΪȌǡ 79.
ȋȌȋȌǡ
ȋο
Ȍ ǡ
Ǥͳʹ
Ǧͳ ȋΪȌ Ǥ
ο
Ǥ
ʹǤͶ
ǦͳǤ Ǥ
ȋͳȌ
ο
ͲǤʹ
ǦͳǤ ο
ͳǤ
Ǥ ʹǤ
Ǥ
ȋΪ Ȍ ͵ǤǤ ͶǤǤ
ȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤ ͲǤͳ
ǦͳǤ ʹǤΪ͵Ǥͳ
ǦͳǤ 80.
͵Ǥ ͵Ǥͳ
ǦͳǤ ͶǤ ͳǤͺ
ǦͳǤ
Ǥ
74.
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ʹǤʹͷǡ ͲǤͷͲ ͲǤͺʹͷ
Ǥ
ǤͲʹͷιȋͶȌ ǣȋͳȌ
ͳǤ ͵ͲǤͷ
ȀǤ ʹǤ ͳ
ȀǤ
͵Ǥ ͳͷǤʹͷ
ȀǤ ͶǤ ͷʹ
ȀǤ
75.
ǫȋͶȌ
ȋͳȌ
ͳ
ȋʹȌ
ʹ
ȋ͵Ȍ
ʹ
ȋͶȌ
ͳ
ǫ
ͳǤȋͳȌȋʹȌǤ ʹǤȋ͵ȌȋͶȌǤ
͵ǤȋʹȌȋͶȌǤ ͶǤȋͳȌȋ͵Ȍ
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81Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǯ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋȌǤ
ͺͲͳͲͲ
ȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤͳǤ ʹǤʹǤ
Ǥ
Ȁ
͵Ǥ͵Ǥ ͶǤǤ ǫȋͳȌ
ͳǤ
82Ǥ
ǡ
ͷͳÆ͵ͳ
Ǥ
ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ
ʹǤ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡǡǡ ͵Ǥ
Ǥǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋ
ͶǤ
Ȍ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋ͵Ȍ
Ǥ ʹ Ǥ ͳ 86Ǥǡ
Ǥ Ǥ Ͷ Ǥ
ǡ
ͳǤΪ ʹǤΪ
Ǥ
ǡ
͵ǤΪ ͶǤΪ ǡ ǡ
Ǥ
83Ǥ ǡ
ǡ ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ȋȌ
ɐ
ǡ
Ǥ ȋȌ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
E.coliǡ
ȋʹȌ
ͳǤȋȌǡȋȌ ʹǤȋȌǡȋȌǡȋȌ
Ǥ ͵ǤȋȌǡȋȌǡȋȌ ͶǤȋȌǡȋȌǡȋȌ
ͷ̵ Æ͵̵
Ǥ
͵Æͷ̵
ǡ
87Ǥ
ͷ̵ ǡ
ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ ͵̵ Æͷʍ
ǡ
ǫȋʹȌ
ͳǤ
ȋȌ E. coli ʹǤ
Ǥ ͵Ǥ
ȋȌǡǡǡȽǡȾǤ ͶǤ
ȋȌǡǡɁǡɂǡɀ
ȋȌǡǡȽǡɂǤ
ȋ͵Ȍ 88Ǥ ǡ ͳ ʹ
ͳǤȋȌȋȌǤ ʹǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌǤ
͵ǤȋȌȋȌǤ ͶǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌǤ Ǥǣ
ȋȌ
84Ǥ
ɉ
ͳǤ
ǣ ȋȌ
ͳ
ʹ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ǫȋͶȌ
ǣ ͳǤͳ
ʹ ʹǤʹ
ͳ
ȋȌ
͵Ǥͳʹ ͶǤʹͳ
ȋȌ
ȋȌ
89Ǥ
ȋȌ
ǣ
ǫȋͶȌ
ͳǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌǤ ʹǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌǤ
͵ǤȋȌȋȌǤ ͶǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌǤ
ǫȋͳȌ
85Ǥ
ͳǤǡ ʹǤǡ
Ǥ
͵Ǥǡ ͶǤ
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90Ǥ
95.
Ǥ ǫ
ǡ
ȋȌ
ǣ
ǣ
ʹ ȋȌ
͵ͲǤ ǡ
ȋȌ
ʹͶ͵ͲǤ ǡ
ȋ ȌǤ
ȋȌ
ǫȋͳȌ
ǤȋͶȌ
ͳǤǣ
ͳǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌ ʹǤȋȌǡȋȌǡȋȌȋȌ
Ǥ ͵ǤȋȌȋȌ ͶǤȋȌȋȌ
ʹǤ ǣ
Ǥ 96.
͵Ǥǣ
ǫȋͶȌ
Ǥ ȋȌ
Ǥ
ͶǤ ǣ
ȋȌ ǡ
Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ
91.
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ǫȋͶȌ ͳǤȋȌ ʹǤȋȌȋȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ ͵ǤȋȌȋȌ ͶǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌ
ʹǤ
Ǥ 97. ȋ Ȍ
͵Ǥ
ǫȋͶȌ
Ǥ ͳǤǡ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
Ǥ ʹǤ not Ǥ
Ǥ
92. ǡ
͵Ǥnot Ǥ
ǡ
ȋȌǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤǤ
ǣ
Ǥ
ȋAȌ
ʹǡͶǡͺ
ȋBȌ
98. ʹͷι
ȋCȌ ͵ͷιͶʹιͳʹ
ͺ ȋͶʹιȌ
ȋDȌ
Ͷ
ʹ
ͶʹιǤ
ǫ
ȋʹȌ
ǫȋʹȌ ͳǤ
ͳǤ
ʹǡͶǡͺ
Ǥ Ǥ
ʹǤ
ʹǡͶǡͺ
ʹǤ
͵Ǥ
ʹǡͶǡͺ
Ǥ
ͶǤ
ʹǡͶǡͺ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ
93. ǡ ͶǤ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
99.
ȋȌ
ͳͶʹǫȋ
ȋȌ
ͶȌ
ͳǤ ǡ
͵
Ǥ
ȋȌ
ʹǤ ǡ
Ǥ
ǫȋ͵Ȍ ͵Ǥ ͵
ǡ
͵
Ǥ
ͳǤȋȌÆȋȌÆȋȌÆȋȌ ʹǤȋȌÆȋȌÆȋȌÆȋȌ ͶǤ ͵
ǡ
Ǥ
͵ǤȋȌÆȋȌÆȋȌÆȋȌ ͶǤȋȌÆȋȌÆȋȌÆȋȌ
100.
ȋǤ Ȍ
94.
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ ȋͳȌ
ͳǤ
ǫȋʹȌ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
ʹǤ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ͶǤ
ͳǤȋȌ ʹǤȋȌȋȌ
͵ǤȋȌȋȌ ͶǤȋȌ Ǥ
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101.
ǡ
ǫȋͳȌ
ǫȋʹȌ
ȋȌ
͵Ǥ ͳǤ
̵̵
ȋȌ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
͵ͶǤ ʹǤ
̵̵
ȋȌ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
Ǥ ͵Ǥ
̵̵
ͳǤȋȌȋȌ ʹǤȋȌȋȌ
͵ǤȋȌȋȌ ͶǤȋȌȋȌ Ǥ
ͶǤ
102Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ 106Ǥǣ
E. coli
ȋȌ
ͷ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
ͶͲ
Ǣǡ
Ǥ ȋȌ
̵
ʹͲ
ǫ ȋʹȌ
ȋͶȌ ͳǤͷͷǤ ʹǤͳͷǤ
ͳǤ
Ǥ ͵Ǥ͵ͷǤ ͶǤͳ͵ͷǤ
ʹǤ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
107.
Ǥ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
Ǥ
103Ǥ
ǫ
͵άͳͲǡǡȋȌ ͳǤ ȋȌ ȋ
Ȍ
ͳͷ
ǡȋȌǤ
Ǥ ʹǤ ȋȌ ǡ ȋȌ
ȋ
Ȍ
Ǥ
͵ǤȋȌǡȋȌ
ȋ
Ȍ
Ǥ
ͶǤȋȌȋ
Ȍǡǡ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
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112.
120Ǥ
ǡ
ǫȋʹȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ ʹǤǤ
ǫ(Answer 4)
͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤǤ
113Ǥ
ȋȈ
ȀȈ
Ȍ
ȋȈ
ȀȈ
ȌǤ
Ǥ(Answer 3)
114Ǥ E. coli ǡ
ǣ 121Ǥ
r
ͳǣ
ǫȋͶȌ
ʹǣ ͳǤ
ǡ
͵ǣ
Ͷǣ ʹǤ
ǡ
ΪǤ
͵Ǥ
ǡ
E. coli Ϊǫȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤ ͶǤ
ǡ
ʹǤ
͵Ǥ
ͶǤ 122Ǥ
ǡ
ȋȌ
115Ǥ ǡ ȋAA)
ȋȌǤȋ͵Ȍ
ȋaaȌ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǫȋͶȌ
ͳǤ
ʹǤ
͵Ǥ
ͶǤ
116.
ǫȋͶȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ
ʹǤ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
ͲǤ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
117Ǥ
ȋʹȌ ͳǤ
Ǥ
ͳǤε͵ͲͲͲǤ ʹǤʹͲͲͲ ʹͷͲͲǤ ʹǤ
ǡ
͵ǤͳʹͲͲ ʹͷͲͲǤ ͶǤͺͲͲ ͳʹͲͲǤ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
118Ǥ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
ǫ
ȋʹȌ 123Ǥ
ǡ
ͳǤǤ ʹǤǤ ȋȌ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ ͶǤǤ
̉Ǥ
119Ǥ
ǡ ǡ
ǡ Ǥ Dz
dzǤȋ͵Ȍ
ȋȌ ȋȌ
ȋ
Ȍ ȋȌ
ȋȌ
ͳǤǡ ʹǤǡ
͵Ǥ
ǡ ͶǤ
ǡ
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ȋȌȋȌ
ͳǤ
ǫȋ͵Ȍ Ǥ
ͳǤ
ȋȌǢ ȋȌǢ ʹǤ
Ǥ
Ȁ ȋȌ ͵Ǥ
ʹǤ
ȋȌǢ ȋȌǢ ͶǤ
Ǥ
Ȁ ȋȌ
͵Ǥ
ȋȌǢ ȋȌǢ 129Ǥ
Ȁ ȋȌ
Ǥ
ͶǤ
ȋȌǢ ȋȌǡ
ǫ ȋ
Ȁ ȋȌ ʹȌ
ͳǤ
124Ǥ ʹͷΨ
ʹǤ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ ͵Ǥ
ǡ
ͶǤ
̍Ǥ
ǫȋ͵Ȍ 130Ǥ
ǡ ǡ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ǡ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ǡ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ǡ
ͳǤȋȌȋȌ ʹǤȋȌ Ǥ
͵ǤȋȌȋȌ ͶǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌ ǡ
ǫȋͶȌ
125Ǥ
ǡ
ͳǤ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǣȋ͵Ȍ ʹǤ
ǡ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ
ͶǤ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ͳǤAzotobacter, Nitrobacter 131Ǥ
ʹǤNitrobacter, Azotobacter ǡ
ͲǤͷǡ ͲǤʹ ͲǤ͵
ǡ
͵ǤNitrosomonasǡNitrobacter
ͶǤNitrobacterǡNitrosomonas ǫȋ͵Ȍ
ͳǤͲǤͳͲǤͲ ʹǤͲǤʹͲǤͳͷ
126Ǥ
ǡ ͵ǤͲǤʹͲǤͳʹ ͶǤͲǤͲͶͲǤͲͻ
Ǥ
132Ǥ
ǫȋͶȌ
ǡ
ͳǤǡ
ǡ ǡ
ǡ
ʹǤ
Enzyme Microorganism
Ǥ ǤAzotobacter vinelandii
͵Ǥǡǡ Ǥ ǤSerratia marcescens
Ǥ
ǤAspergillus aureus
ͶǤ
Ǥ
ǤAspergillus oryzae
ȋͳȌ
Ǥ ͳǤ ʹǤ
͵Ǥ ͶǤ
127Ǥ
ǡ
133Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ ͵͵ ȋ
Ȍ
ǫ ȋ
Ȍ
ȋȌ
Ǥ
ȋ
Ȍ
ȋȌ
ǡ
ȋͶȌ
ȋȌ
ͳǤ͵͵
ǤȋͶȌ ʹǤ
ͳǤȋȌ ʹǤȋȌȋȌ ͵Ǥ͵͵
͵ǤȋȌ ͶǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌ ͶǤ
128Ǥ
134Ǥ
ȋ
Ȍ
Ǥ Ǥ
ȋȌǤ
Ǥ
ȋ
Ǥ ǡ Ȍ
ȋΨȌ
Ǥ
ǤȋͶȌ
Ǥ
ǫȋʹȌ
ͳǤ
Ǥ
ʹǤ
͵Ǥ
Ǥ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
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135Ǥ Agrobacterium
Æ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋȌ Agrobacterium
͵Ǥ
Ǥ ȋʹȌ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
ͶǤ Ϊ Æ
Ǥ Ǥ
ȋȌ
Agrobacterium
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
Agrobacterium
Ǥ 140.
ȋȌ
Agrobacterium
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋ Ȍ
Agrobacterium
ǡ
Ǥ
ǫ
Ǥ
ȋʹȌ
ͳǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌ ʹǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌ
ǫȋͳȌ
͵ǤȋȌǡȋȌȋȌ ͶǤȋȌǡȋȌȋ Ȍ ͳǤ
ʹǤ
136Ǥ
ǡ ͵Ǥ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
ͷ͵̉ 141.
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ͷ
Ǥ ǡͳ
Ǥ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǤȋͶȌ ͵ιǤ ǡ
ͳǤ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ʹǤ
ͷǡ ͳ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
͵̉ ͵̉
Ǥ
Ǥ ȋȌͷȋȌ
ͶǤ
ͷ ͳ
Ǥ ȋȌ ͻͲ
ͳ ͷ Ǥ
137Ǥ
Ǥȋ͵Ȍ
ȋȌ
ȋȌ
ͷǤ
Ǥ ȋȌ
ȋȌ
ͻͲǤ
Ǥ ȋȌͷǤ
ȋȌ
ȋȌͻͲǤ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
ͳǤȋȌȋȌ ʹǤȋȌȋȌ
Ǥ ͵ǤȋȌȋȌ ͶǤȋȌȋȌ
ȋȌ
ǫȋͶȌ 142.
ȋɂȌ
ͳǤȋȌȋȌ ʹǤȋȌ ʹͶͲʹͺͲǣ
͵ǤȋȌȋȌ ͶǤȋȌ
138.
ͳͲ
Ǥ
ͳͲͲ Ǥ
ͳ
ǡͲǤͳʹͶͲͲǤʹ͵ͻ
ǫȋ͵Ȍ
ʹͺͲǤ
Ɋ Ȁ
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋͶȌ
Ǥ
ͳǤͷͺʹͺǤͳǤ ʹǤͷͺǤʹͺͳǤ
Ǥ
͵ǤͷͺʹͺͳǤ ͶǤͷͺǤʹͺǤͳǤ
Ǥ
Ǥ
143.
ͳǤǡǡǡ ʹǤǡǡǡ
͵ͲΨ Ƚ ǡ ͷͲΨ Ⱦ ʹͲΨ
͵Ǥǡǡǡ Ͷǡǡǡ
Ǥ
ȋȌͷͲΨ
Ƚ ǡͶͲΨȾ ͳͲΨ
Ǥ
139.
ǤȋͳȌ
ǫ
ͳǤ
ȋʹȌ
Ǥ
ͳǤ Ϊ Æ
Æ
ʹǤ
Æ
Ǥ
Ǥ
͵Ǥ
ʹǤ Æ
ͶǤ
Ǥ
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144.
Ǥ
Ǥ
ȋͳȌ
ͳǤǡǡ
ʹǤǡǡ
͵Ǥǡǡ
ͶǤǡǡ
145.
ȋɊȌ
ʹͲɊȀɐα͵Ǥ
ͳ
ͻͷΨ
ǫȋͶȌ
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ͳǤͳͺǤͷ͵ʹͳǤͶ
ʹǤʹͳǤͶ
͵ǤͳͺǤͷ͵
ͶǤͳͺǤͲʹͳǤͻ͵