DISCUSSION

The purpose of this experiment were to measure the rate constant of the reaction
between ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide under batch condition and to study the liquid
phase reaction kinetics in a batch reactor. The main chemical that used in this experiment
were ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The reaction that occur was called as
saponification. Saponification was a reaction that occur to produce soap The saponification
process of sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate can be represented as below :

This experiment started by preparing 1 L of sodium hydroxide, NaOH (0.1 M) , 250

mL of ethyl acetate, Et(Ac) (0.1 M) ,and 250 mL of hydrochloric acid, HCl (0.1 M). Then 11
sample of 20ml HCl been pipette into conical flask and added 3drops of phenolphthalein and
200ml of Et(Ac) been poured into 200ml of NaOH. The mixture then was stirred and at given
time, the 20ml of mixture was pipetted into the conical flask containing the 20ml HCl . Then
the sample was titrated with NaOH. The result was tabulated at Table 1.

Time (minutes) vs Conversion, X (%)

140
120
Conversion, X (%)

100
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time (minutes)
.

Figure 1: Graph X vs Reaction Time

 Time (minutes) vs 1/CA (L/mol)
500
400
300
1/CA (L/mol)

200 y = -2.3758x + 131.39

100 R² = 0.0972
0
-100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-200
-300
Time (minutes)

Figure 2: Graph Integrated Rate Law Method (1/CA) vs Time

Time (minutes) vs CA (mol/L)

0.035
0.03
0.025
0.02
CA (mol/L)

0.015
0.01
0.005
0
-0.005 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-0.01
-0.015
Time (minutes)

Figure 3: Graph Half-life Method (CA0) vs Time

By referring to Figure 1, graph Conversion, X (%) against time, t (min), showed that
the conversion increased as time increased. Theoretically, the graph trend and pattern was
directly proportional as both of them were increased. The graph also shows that the highest
conversion value occurs at time 70 min which is 125 % while the lowest conversion value
occurs at time 0 min with conversion 40 %.
 For Figure 2, the graph of 1/ CA against time, t(min) was plotted and the slope of the
graph was decreasing. The lowest value of 1/CA was at 5 minutes which is 33.33 L/mol and
the highest value was at 35 minutes which is 200 L/mol. Theoretically, the value of 1/ CA
should be increase as time increased. Unfortunately, at 40 minutes until 70 minutes, the value
for 1/CA became negative. This occurs happen due to mistake of pipette 20 mL of 0.1M
hydrochloric acid, HCl into each of the flask too early. This caused the HCl became less
effective because the conical flasks were not covered with lid. From this graph, the result
obtained for the value of rate constant ,k = -2.375 and this was called as Integrated rate law
method.

Figure 3 showed the graph of CA (M) versus time, t (min), it showed that the slope was
decreased as the time increased with increase of time. The graph shows at time 0 minute, the
concentration of NaOH (M) was the highest with 0.03 M while at time 35 minutes, the
concentration of NaOH (M) was the lowest which is 0.005 M. The concentration of NaOH
was decrease due to increase of amount of NaOH being titrated. The value at 40 minutes until
70 minutes should not be negative but the result became wrong due to the occur happen
during experiment.

From the graph we calculate the half-time of NaOH concentration which was
0.025mol/L. We obtain the half-time concentration by dividing the initial concentration
which was 0.05mol/L by half. From the value of half-life , the rate constant was calculated by
using the formula k= 1/ t1/2 X CA0 which was called half-life method. The value of rate
constant obtained was k = 0.66 L.min/ mol . The values of rate constant were different for
each method because rate constant for half-life method was calculated based on time of the
concentration reduce to half of its initial value while the integrated rate law method use
plotted graph to get the gradient of the line which equal to the rate constant. Since the graph
was not in straight line so the value of rate constant might different from the theoretical
value.
REFERENCES