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C H A P T E R
Various Applications of
Liquid Penetrant Testing
Drying
The surfaces of the bottom hole assembly
to be inspected must be completely dry
before the application of the developer.
With the solvent remover system, this is
Welding of pipe, pressure vessels, machinerya NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AR-GIB-010/2783 MIL-STD-20354
Structural welds, ships’ hullsb MIL-STD-16895 ———
Structural welds, HY-80 submarine hulls NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AD-GIB-010/16883 ———
Castings of pressure vessels NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AR-GIB-010/2783 ———
Machinery-bronze propeller blades NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AR-GIB-010/2783 ———
Hull castings other than HY-80 MIL-STD-16895 MIL-STD-16895
HY-80 hull castings NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AD-GIB-010/16883 NAVSEA Technical Publication
T9074-AD-GIB-010/16883
a. Technique requirements (how to do inspection) are covered in NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074-AS-GIB-010/271.3
b. Other than HY-80 submarine hulls.
Nonlinear Indications
Nonlinear indications meeting the
standards of Table 2 are acceptable.
Nonrelevant indications
Rounded indications with diameter of
0.4 mm (0.016 in.) and less shall be
disregarded for material with thickness of
4.8 mm (0.19 in.) and less.
Rounded indications with diameter of
0.8 mm (0.03 in.) and less shall be
disregarded for material with thickness
greater than 4.8 mm (0.19 in.).
Precautions in Liquid
Penetrant Testing of Ship
Structures
Operator Safety
Operators should avoid skin contact with
liquid penetrant materials. The inhalation
of oils and possibly certain other
components of liquid penetrant materials
in moist form can cause lipoid
pneumonia. To protect against this
hazard, use a half mask respirator with
organic vapor cartridges while spraying.
At other times, avoid prolonged breathing
of vapors or volatile components. If
natural ventilation is poor, use exhaust
ventilation to prevent a high atmospheric
droplets from the air. Keep respirator on if
mist is visible in the air.
Linear
Linear
Linear
Rounded Cluster
Linear (cluster)
Linear Linear
Cluster
Cluster not to
exceed 6.3 mm
(0.25 in.) diameter
on one side and
13 mm (0.5 in.)
diameter on the
other
Caution
Wheels must be free of surface
contamination (especially in the bead seat
area) that would prevent liquid penetrant
from entering any discontinuities. Special
attention should be given to areas of
highest stress such as the pin drive holes
in the hub and the junction of the spokes
to the web, with both the hub and the
rim. The attached sketch is an example of
the inner wheel area only. The entire
wheel is to be inspected using the same
accept/reject criteria.
Marking of parts shall be per
specifications.
This procedure is not intended to limit
the type or amount of testing performed.
It is recommended that, whenever
practical, further testing be conducted to
reveal any potentially harmful internal
discontinuities and surface anomalies.
Interpretation of Glass
Bonded Mica and
Ceramoplastics
Glass bonded mica products are formed
by pressure blending powdered glass and
mica into electrical insulators. The
resultant mixture becomes a workable
material called glass bonded mica that
combines the advantages of low loss
factor and high dielectric strength while
eliminating the major deficiencies of the
brittleness of glass and the weak structural
homogeneity of mica.
Glass bonded mica and ceramoplastics,
a blend of powdered glass with synthetic
1. Swann, L.K. “NDT Afloat — The 12. Rules for Building and Classing Steel
Development of Nondestructive Vessels. Paramus, NJ: American Bureau
Testing at Newport News of Shipping.
Shipbuilding” (Yesteryears). Materials 13. Monks, G. and L. Niro. “NDT — A
Evaluation. Vol. 44, No. 8. Columbus, Critical Procedure in Indy-Style Auto
OH: American Society for Racing.” Materials Evaluation. Vol. 45,
Nondestructive Testing (July 1986): No. 10. Columbus, OH: American
p 908-911. Society for Nondestructive Testing
2. ASTM E 165, Standard Test Method for (1987): p 1154-1156.
Liquid Penetrant Examination. West 14. Nondestructive Testing Manual.
Conshohocken, PA: American Society Indianapolis, IN: United States Auto
for Testing and Materials (1995). Club (1994).
3. NAVSEA Technical Publication T9074,
Requirements for Nondestructive Testing
Methods. Philadelphia, PA: Naval
Inventory Control Point (April 1997).
4. MIL-STD-2035, Nondestructive Testing
Acceptance Criteria [superseding
NAVSHIPS 0900-003-8000].
Washington, DC: United States
Department of Defense.
5. MIL-STD-1689A, Fabrication, Welding,
and Inspection of Ships Structure
[superseding MIL-STD-1689, December
1983]. Washington, DC: United States
Department of Defense (November
1990).
6. NAVSHIPS 250-1500-1, Welding
Standard. Washington, DC: United
States Department of Defense, Naval
Sea Systems Command (revised 1993;
accepted June 1995).
7. MIL-STD-2132A, Nondestructive
Examination Requirements for Special
Applications [superceding
MIL-STD-2132, January 1981].
Washington, DC: United States
Department of Defense (March 1985).
8. Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM).
Washington, DC: United States
Department of Defense.
9. NAVSEA 59086-54-STM-010/CH556,
Naval Ships’ Technical Manual.
Chapter 556, “Hydraulic Equipment
(Power Transmission and Control).”
Washington, DC: United States
Department of Defense (August 1997).
10. 46 CFR 56, Piping Systems and
Appurtenances. [Code of Federal
Regulations: Title 46, Shipping.]
Washington, DC: United States
Department of Transportation, United
States Coast Guard; United States
Government Printing Office (1995).
11. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
New York, NY: American Society of
Mechanical Engineers.