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Marshall Method:
(Max. size of aggregate 1")
Stability: maximum load resistance of standard specimen (4" dia. & 2.5" height)
when tested in the direction of diameter, at 60oC at the rate of 2"/min.
(Stability ≥ 800 kg)
(60oC) ( ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﺗﺴ ﻠﻴﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﺠ ﺎﻩ اﻟﻘﻄ ﺮ وﺑﺪرﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة4"x2.5") وهﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أآﺒﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ:ﺛﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل
(2"/min.) وﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ
ﻣﻠ ﺊ اﻟﻘﺎﻟ ﺐ ﺑ ﺎﻟﻤﺰﻳﺞ اﻟﺴ ﺎﺧﻦ ﺑﺪرﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮارة اﻟﻤ ﺰج:ﻣﻠﺨ ﺺ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺮﺑ ﺔ
( ﺛﻢ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮص وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ100-105oC) ( ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮآﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺒﺮد ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ160oC)
Dial gage (1)
Stability
Dial gage (2)
: ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل
Flexibility
75 blow/end (tire pressure = 200psi)
4"
or 50 blow/end (tire pressure =100psi)
ﺛ ﻢ ﺗﻔﺤ ﺺ،( ﻟﻀ ﻤﺎن زوال اﻟﺘﺸ ﻮهﺎت اﻟﻮﻗﺘﻴ ﺔ ﺑﺴ ﺒﺐ اﻟ ﺮص24hr) ﺛ ﻢ ﺗﺘ ﺮك ﻟﻤ ﺪة
.ﺑﺠﻬﺎز ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻔﺤﺺ
Flexibility (Flow): the deformation (strain) corresponding to the max. load resistance
of the standard specimen. (2 – 4 mm)
Density 2.4
ﺗﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ )اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺛﺒﻮﺗﻴ ﺔ )(gm/m3
ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل ،اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ ،ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺠﻮات ،وﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺠﻮات اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮءة ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ(.
2
ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳ ﻔﻠﺖ ﺑﺤﻴ ﺚ ﺗﺤﻘ ﻖ ﻗ ﻴﻢ ﻟﻬ ﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣ ﻞ
Stability 1000
ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻄﺒﻘ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﻠ ﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑ ﺔ .وذﻟ ﻚ ﺑﺈﻳﺠ ﺎد ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ )(kg
اﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ:
600
.1أآﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ )(Max. Density
Flow 5
.2أآﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﺒﺎت )(Max. Stability )(mm
.3ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﺠﻮات )) (5%ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ(
1
.4ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺠﻮات ﻣﻤﻠﻮءة ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ )) (75%ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ(
Voids in mix 8
وﺑﺄﻳﺠ ﺎد ﻣﻌ ﺪل ﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻻﺳ ﻔﻠﺖ أﻋ ﻼﻩ ،ﻳﺴ ﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻌ ﺪل ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴ ﺎت )(%
65
4 5 6
Asphalt content by wt. of total
)mix (%
2
Analysis of Mixture (Mass-Volume Relationship):
WAgg.
- Bulk GA = bulk specific gravity of combined aggregate =
V3
100
=
%course %fine %filler
+ +
Gs(course) Gs(file) Gs(filler)
Ex.:
50% (1"-No.4) Gs=2.6, 45%,
45% (No.4-No.200) Gs=2.65,
5% (No.200) Gs=3.15
100
Bulk GAgg. =
50 45 5
+ +
2.6 2.65 3.15
3
- PS = total % of asphalt (by wt. of total mix)
- PA = % of aggregate (by wt. of total mix)
PS + PA = 100% Æ PA = 100 - PS
- In void less mix Æ max. theoretical sp. gr. of mix
(max. Gm by testing in the lab (ASTM-2041)
W
max . Gm =
V − Va
WA
- Effective GA =
V2
100 − PS
= (as sp. gr. of asphalt), where V2 = V-(Va+Vs1+Vs2),
100 PS
−
Gm Gs
Effective GA constant property (independent of asphalt content)
وﻻﻳﺠ ﺎد،( ﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻻﺳ ﻔﻠﺖ ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴ ﺔ رآ ﺎم واﺳ ﻔﻠﺖTheoretical) (max. Gm) ﻣ ﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑ ﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺔ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ أﻳﺠ ﺎد
(max. Gm) ( وﻧﻄﺒ ﻖ اﻟﻘ ﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻵﺗﻴ ﺔ ﻻﺳ ﺘﺨﺮاج ﻗ ﻴﻢeffective GA) ( ﻟﻨﺴ ﺐ أﺧ ﺮى ﻣ ﻦ اﻻﺳ ﻔﻠﺖ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ أﻳﺠ ﺎدmax. Gm)
.( دون إﺟﺮاء ﺗﺠﺎرب أﺧﺮىCalculated)
W Wair
- Actual Gm = =
V Wair − Wwater
Va max . Gm − actual Gm
- % air voids (in total mix) = *100% = *100%
V max . Gm
Vv actual Gm * PA
- % voids in mineral aggregate (V.M.A.%) = *100% = 100 −
V bulk G A
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
=⎢ − ⎥ * Gs *100%
⎣ bulk G A effective G A ⎦
VS2Gs ⎛ WA WA ⎞
V3 – V2 = VS2, , ⎜⎜ , ⎟⎟
WA ⎝ V3 V2 ⎠
4
P'S2 *PA
- Effective asphalt (% by wt. of total mix) = PS1 = PS − = PS – PS2
100
Where: PS2 = absorbed asphalt (% by wt. of total mix)
VS1
- % voids filled with asphalt = *100%
Vv
actual Gm * PS1
= *100%
actual Gm * PS1 + Gs * % air voids
Vv = Va + VS
Sol.:
Check: % air voids (3-5), V.M.A. = min. 15,
asphalt voids (70-85), effective asphalt (4.5-6.5)%, اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﺜﻼث ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ
100
Bulk GA = = 2.672
55 40 5
+ +
2.64 2.67 3.1
100 − 5
Effective GA = = 2.687 ()ﻣﻘﺪرا ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ
100 5
−
2.49 1.04
For the layer with asphalt = 5.7%
1200
Actual Gm = = 2.362
1200 − 692
5
100
Calculated max Gm = = 2.464
5.7 100 − 5.7
+
1.04 2.687
Check:
2.362 * 94.3
1) % V. M. A. = 100 − = 16.6% ≥ 15% ∴OK
2.672
2.464 − 2.362
2) % air voids = *100% = 4.1% (3 – 5)% ∴OK
2.464
= ⎡⎢
1 1 ⎤
− *1.04 *100% = 0.23%
⎣ 2.672 2.687 ⎥⎦
0.23 * 94.3
∴ effective asphalt concrete = PS1 = 5.7 − = 5.48% (4.5-6.5)% ∴OK
100