1.

0 INTRODUCTION

A good occupational safety and health management system(OSHMS) can benefits any
organization by creating safer working environment, reduce cost related to injury, improve
business opportunities and enhance the reputation of organization[8]. It plays a crucial role on the
efficiency of long-term business. Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) is one of the world
leading organisations that implements good OSHMS. As an example, in 2015, four companies
from PETRONAS organisation received different awards from Royal Society for the Prevention
of Accidents (ROSPA) Occupational Health and Safety award 2015. This prestigious national
Award scheme recognises the excellence works of these companies in work-related health and
safety performance [5].

2.0 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SYSTEM

PETRONAS has established Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE
MS) to implement Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) into all of the operations. PETRONAS
defines its HSEMS as a set of controls which are used to proactively manage all the HSE hazards
and consequences which are associated with the business activity as well as provide assurance to
all stakeholders that HSE risks in the business are being managed to a level that is “ As Low As
Reasonably Practicable” (ALARP) [1]. In PETRONAS, HSE MS is a single management system
which consists of the integration of the Business Controls, Quality Management System & Risk
Management as shown in Figure 1. This system consists of five committee members which are
the president, vice president, senior general manager of Group Health, Safety & Environment
Division and a supervisor [1].

PETRONAS has established framework and guideline to support HSE MS and uphold
the PETRONAS HSE Policy. They are HSE Mandatory Control Framework (MCF) and
[3]
PETRONAS Technical Standard and Guidelines . The policy of PETRONAS is shown in
Figure 2. This policy highlighted few important points in order to reduce the risk, hazard and
protect the health and safety of workers including the role played by PETRONAS. For example,
PETRONAS complies with national and international product-specific regulations such as the
Malaysia’s Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Labelling and Safety Data Sheet of
Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations 2013 [6]
and European Union’s Registration, Evaluation,
[2]
Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) . Next, human factor is one of the
aspects of process safety that may contribute to risk and hazard stated by PETRONAS.
According to the policy, PETRONAS must be reponsible to eliminate this situation. Therefore,
PETRONAS enhanced its guidelines on Human Factors Engineering (HFE) in projects, aligned
to PETRONAS Project Management Standard [4]. Several HFE workshops were held throughout
the year, which included topics such as 3D Model Review, Valve Criticality Analysis (VCA) and
[4]
Safety Critical Task Analysis (SCTA) . Other than that, PETRONAS also established and
[4]
implemented The Zero Tolerance Rules (ZeTo) as shown in Figure 3. All employees and
contractors of PETRONAS must observe and comply with this rule due to strict request of
PETRONAS.

In 2015, there are four fatalities were recorded. An ammonia leak at a Petronas plant in
[7]
Sipitang, Kota Kinabalu had contributed two out of four fatalities . PETRONAS takes these
incidents as a reminder to continuously evaluate existing HSE standards. In order to minimize
the incidents mentioned, PETRONAS has put a lot of efforts to enhance the design, technical and
operational integrity of its assets by deploying engineering solutions such as PETRONAS Risk
[4] [4]
Based Inspection and Asset Life Study based on internationally-accepted codes and
standards on process safety or in other words in line with the requirements of PETRONAS’ HSE
[4]
MS and MCF . For example, PETRONAS established and implemented Hazard and Effect
Management Process (HEMP) [1]. HEMP contained four key words; identify, assess, control and
recover. This eased the organisation in reducing hazard by creating a four steps guideline; hazard
identification, risk assessment, control and recovery measures. Besides, PETRONAS also
[1] [1]
established a Hazard and Effect Analysis Model and its own Risk Assessment Matrix as
shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

The following safety programmes were implemented to enhance the existing controls for
identified risk areas. They are Project Safety, Contractor Management and Fire Safety
[4]
Assessment (FSA) . Reviews on Fire Safety Adequacy, 3D Model and Fire Safety Design
Philosophy to identify potential risk of the design, construction, operation as well as maintenance
[4]
of the planned facilities are part of the Safety Project . Besides, PETRONAS views effective
communication as a crucial factor for safe execution of project activities. By using Contract
Management [4]
as an example, briefing video was played to strengthen contractor’s
understanding on HSE. It is available in multiple languages due to vary nationalities of
contractors serving at all project sides. In FSA, training and coaching sessions were held for
plant personnel to enhance internal capacity for conducting the required reviews based on the
[4]
PETRONAS Technical Standard on Management of Fire Protection Systems . Classroom
sessions on the FSA techniques were supported by practical plant inspection activities to assess
[4]
the operational conditions of the existing fire protection systems . Moreover, individuals who
involved in the assessment were instilled with greater ownership and accountability. Besides,
PETRONAS also adopted a Process Safety Tool that uses customised risk management software
for proactive identification of potential issues at its operational facilities using the Dynamic Risk
Analyser (DRA) technology to provide leading or early warning signs of potential risks [4].

In this HSE infrastructure, PETRONAS has stated that the company has three main goals
which are zero accidents, no health problem due to the operation and no irreversible impairment
of the environment attributable to the operation. PETRONAS sets zero accidents as their target
and had established Emergency Response Team (ERT) just in case of emergencies. ERT is a
team which is specially trained in dealing with hazard such as chemical accidents and explosions.
ERT are get ready over 24 hours to administer help and also work closely with local fire and
hospital. Besides that, there are also another team called Advance First Responders (AFR). AFR
is the first aider who able to handle incident related to chemical before the arrival of professional.
While waiting the professional, AFR have to make early assessment of the victim and also
required to corporate with paramedics and send the victims to the Occupational Health Team at
the Clinic onsite. The OH team is led by OH Physician and a team of trained medical to get over
24 hours for the first aid and medical emergency service. Lastly, drills and Emergency Response
Preparedness Trainings is conducted from time to time in order to make sure that they are well
prepared all the times.Next, PETRONAS Occupation Health Department also provides a healthy
working environment by raising the awareness among the employees through the talk and
publications to achieve no health problem vision. A medical clinic is also available within the
working area. Others efforts by this department includes training programs such as Health Risk
Assessments (HRA) as well as data collection and analysis. [10]
 In HSE MS, planning and implementation are also plays an important role. In
PETRONAS guidelines stated that the person who in charged is required to develop two Health
and Safety Environment (HSE) plan which is the annual plan and also the five-years plan. These
plans are required to submit to PETRONAS by December of the preceding year. The objectives
of planning are to assess the OSH risks associated with the scope of the contracted work and to
ensure mitigations were incorporated into the overall contract strategy. Moreover, PETRONAS
also stated that the related department of an organization are required to develop a list of hazards.
The main objective of this list is to ensure significant hazards are being identified. For an
example, hazards might occurs when individual are working in confined space, drowning, and a
running machinery or plant. The information gathered from this list of hazards is to be
communicated to all workers, and/or their representative. It is the duty of an organization to
provide information related to the hazards and risks associated with the contract works to all
employees. This is to ensure that they understand and address the hazards and risks that may
[1]
arise during execution of the contract.

In year 2011, some safety incidents included 166 fires have prompted PETRONAS to
review its systems, processes and procedures to ensure the operations adhere to the highest safety
and health standards. PETRONAS is proactively improving its safety measures as the safety of
its staff, contractors and communities living in the vicinity of our operations are paramount. To
improve the process safety performance towards achieving operational excellence, PETRONAS
has carried out a Third Party Process Safety Assessment on its implementation across the Group.
The external assessment and benchmarking exercise was conducted in August 2010. The
assessment recognised that process safety standards and requirements have been adequately
established at Group level and translated into site-specific systems and documents at operating
units. Action plans have been identified to address implementation issues on specific elements
such as management of change, integrity management, work planning and procedures in order to
improve process safety performance. These action plans include enhancement of technical
governance through Tier-2 and Tier 3 assurance; extensive reporting on process safety
implementation progress and performance to the top management, the Board Governance;
strengthening of process safety leadership through management and leadership workshops, and
the establishment of the HSE Control Framework.
 Malaysian energy-giant PETRONAS introduced a program to improve health and safety
at its global oil-and-gas operations following an audit that reported serious safety issues at its
offshore operations. At 2013 asset-integrity audit was commenced to improve best practices,
included recommendations to enhance safety standards. The audit encouraged the company to
implement its ongoing safety-focused program. PETRONAS acknowledged the gaps identified
in the report and performed a comprehensive program to resolve the issues and ensure the safety
of its people, environment as well as facilities. The audit reported competence and training issues
with employees and made numerous references to corrosion threatening the structural integrity of
facilities.

3.0 CONCLUSION

In short, PETRONAS implements HSE MS by distributing the responsibilities to the

authority in charged according to the position it holds in the PETRONAS. Senior management is
assigned with anything related to HSE policy, objectives, strategies, management system,
standards and reviews. The operation or technical management will establish structure to
implement objectives, carry out risk analysis, and establish controls and procedure to ensure its
effectiveness. The supervisor is assigned to identify hazard and its consequences, plan and
implement activities and monitor and report performance. Lastly, operators, technicians and
contractor will carry out the activities to control hazard and report the incidents [1].
 4.0 APPENDIX

Figure 1: Integration of Business Controls, Quality Management System and Risk

Management into HSE Management System.
Figure 2: Petronas Policy Statement on Health, Safety and Environment
Figure 3: The Zero Tolerance Rules (ZeTo)
Figure 4: Hazard and Effects Analysis Model

Figure 5: Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM)

Figure 6: Audit Hierarchy
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