NAMA : WIDYA WULANDARI

KELAS : B, D-IV AJENG KEBIDANAN

FACTORS RELATED WITH LOW BACK PAIN AND PELVIC PAIN AT THE EARLY STAGE
OF PREGNANCY IN JAPANESE WOMEN

A. Tanggal Penelitian : From March in 2015 to January in 2016

B. Lokasi Penelitian : Birth Center in Kagawa Prefecture in Japan

C. Desain Penelitian : The design used is Cross Sectional, which is a study design that
studies the dynamics of the correlation between risk factors and effects, by approaching,
observing or collecting data at the same time which aims to determine the factors
associated with lower stage pain and pelvic pain in the early stages pregnancy in Japanese
women.

D. Prosedur Penelitian :

a. Data Secunder : determine research problems, at this stage researchers conduct a

preliminary study. the results of the preliminary survey carried out by the researcher
with an interview to the Ethics Review Director of the University of Tokushima
namely by collecting data through data retrieval through medical records obtained
from Doctors, Midwives and Medical Assistants.
b. Data Tersier : library search at this stage the researcher searches the literature
which can be done based on books and journals related to the problems to be studied
to obtain relevant information. Ex: Ostgaard et al (1992) reported that persistent
postpartum back pain was associated with the presence of back pain before
pregnancy, the presence of back pain during pregnancy, physically heavy work and
multipregnancy.
c. Data Primer : The researcher made informed consent, and gave a self-managed
questionnaire designed to consist of three parts.
The first part of the questionnaire consisted of questions regarding baseline
characteristics such as age, marital status, education and week of pregnancy.
The second part of the questionnaire consisted of questions regarding the presence of
LBPP, location of pain and 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) with the end-points of no
pain (0 cm) snd worst thinkable pain (10 cm).
The third part consisted of questions on factors related to low back pain including
employment, smoking and menstruation before pregnancy and history of low back
pain.
E. Analisa Data
1. Analisa Univariat
Used to describe the data carried out on each variable from the results of the study in
order to determine the frequency distribution of each variable.
2. Analisa Bivariate
Differences in background characteristics, physical factors, LBPPrelated factors, and
PMI were evaluated by the test or MannWhitney U test in all subjects and in women
with LBPP. Odds rations (OR) and their corresponding to 95% confidence interval
(CI) were calculated by using logistic regression analyses. All p values are two-tailed
and those less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Statistical
analyses for data evaluation were carried out using SPSS version 22 for Windows
(IBM Crop., Aromonk, NY).

F. Pengolahan Data
In the data processing process, the first thing that researchers did was Collecting,
collecting data on factor distribution factors related with low back pain and pelvic pain at
the early stage of pregnancy in japanese women which comes from the observation sheet.
Researchers do data processing, all data that has been inputted into the application will be
processed according to the needs of the research.

G. Populasi
157 pregnant women were recruited (between LBPP-related factors in primiparous
women and multiparous women in Japan.

H. Sampel
The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling.