Empirical Analysis on Suicide Ideation Among High School Students

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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION – CANDELARIA, INC.

Quezon, Philippines
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
“Somebody dies by taking their own life every 40 seconds.” This
was the report of British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) published on
September 4, 2014 took from the World Health Organization’s
significant study. Dr. Margaret Chan, the director general of the
WHO, said: “This report is a call for action to address a large public
health problem, which has been shrouded in taboo for far too long.”
This is a very sensitive topic for it requires delicate approach
but this is indeed a relevant issue also that needs to be addressed.
In the Philippines, experts say the number of suicide cases and
students with mental illnesses has risen drastically in the last two
years with at least one suicide referral made each day on 2018.
Additional studies show that from year 2000-2012, there are over 2,000
suicide cases reported aged between 15 to 29 years old.
The gruesome figure mentioned above could grow exponentially if
nobody step forward on curing this fatal mental disease. What is known
about suicide in the Philippines is limited. In the previous decades,
there have been very few studies regarding the phenomenon that is
situated in the context of the country.
Senior High School Department

Empirical Analysis on Suicide Ideation Among
High School Students of Enverga University Candelaria
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This study aims to explore and go deeper in analyzing the source
of suicide ideation among the students and how it greatly affects
their lives.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In Manuel S. Enverga University Candelaria alone, there are two
reported cases of suicide last school year 2017-2018. This calls for
action to the authority to do something and to raise a red flag.
Suicide seems to be a final resort for those people who
experience the decrease of their emotional temperature. Both of them
experience depression before committing suicide, at least according
to their family. There are reports from the guidance office that there
are countless students who went there seeking for an advice regarding
their personal problem. Evidently, people around them are very much
aware of their mental state yet they choose to do nothing.
Health Department needs to take action by implementing programs
among educational institution that will perform a mandatory
psychological test to avert the possibilities of mental disability
and to take precautionary measures if needed.
Countless factors have been pointing to why it happens such as
too much exposure on social media, family problems, overloaded school
works, and romantic relationship conflicts (World Psychiatry, 2006).
These are just few and this study intends to uncover more causes and

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how prevalent does suicide ideation occur to someone particularly on
students.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study aims to analyze and interpret the suicide ideation
among students. Specific questions that the researcher aims to answer
are the following:
1. How prevalent are suicide ideation among students?
2. What are the prevalent methods they thought in committing
suicide?
3. What are the prevalent reasons of suicide ideation among
the students?
4. What percentage of those suicide ideators have attempted
suicide already?
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Mark Anthony Quintos on his study, “Predictors of
Suicide Ideation among the Filipino Youth: Findings from
Nationally Representative Survey of Filipinos Aged 15 to 27”,
presented in De La Salle University, Manila on 2017 pointed out
that suicide as a cause of death among young people is
increasingly becoming a problem in the Philippines. Suicide has
been observed to be the 9th leading cause of death among those

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aged 20 -24 since 2003, and responsible for approximately one
out of every three deaths among Filipinos aged 10-24.
In this study, the researcher aims to uncover more things
in the context of the university alone and how the guidance
office could possibly address this issue by implementing
programs that would perhaps undermine this silent killer plague
by analyzing the result of this study.
By synthesizing both studies, the researcher could compare
the result from nationwide context down to the context of our
university. Being said that suicide is the 9th leading cause of
death among the youth is a great way to start exploring the
issue to better address the needs that this study aims to answer.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
In general, the focus of this study is directed to students
who had a suicidal thoughts before. Through direct referral
(snowball sampling method) the researcher planned to have a
total of 20 (twenty) students from Enverga University Candelaria
as the respondents. The conduction of interview transpired on
February 2019 upon the approval of the researcher’s request from
the office of the principal. The study is largely dependent on
the honesty, sincerity and integrity of the respondents.

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In compliance with the Republic Act 10173 also known as
Data Privacy Act of 2012 the records and files of the respondents
are safely stored in a private space.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result of this study will be beneficial to the
following:
Guidance Counseling and Testing Center, results will help them
plan and enforce programs that will reduce the risk of suicide
among the students and to understand also the needs of the
students that they ought to address.
Teachers, to have a delicate approach on students who are
suspected to have suicide tendencies and to put a precautionary
measures if needed.
Parents, to guide their children in times of personal crisis
and to assess them personally in taking actions over the matter.
Subject, to help them understand better the importance of life
and start reintroducing them to the world.
Students, for them to be aware and be gentle on those students
who could possibly have this kind of thinking to avoid triggers.

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Future Researchers, this will help them to understand more about
the factors of suicide ideation among students in a local
context specifically in Candelaria, Quezon.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Suicide
Ideation
Figure 1 Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 represents the conceptual paradigm of the study.
It utilizes this type for it is a single variable study.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
Suicide – describes the voluntary and intentional taking one’s
own life
Suicide Ideation – the capacity to think of suicide a resort.
Suicidal Tendency - a potentially self-injurious behavior

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Suicide
Any kind of suicide is an act in which a person takes his
or her own life. Every day more than one thousand (1000)
teenagers have suicidal ideation and eighteen (18) of them will
be successful in committing it (World Psychiatry, 2006).
Every suicide is a tragedy. It is estimated that over
800,000 people die by suicide and that there are many suicide
attempts for each death. The impact on families, friends and
communities is devastating and far-reaching, even long after
persons dear to them have taken their own lives (Dr. Chan,
2014).
Unfortunately, suicide all too often fails to be
prioritized as a major public health problem. Despite an
increase in research and knowledge about suicide and its
prevention, the taboo and stigma surrounding suicide persist
and often people do not seek help or are left alone (World
Health Organization, 2012).
Yet, suicides are preventable. This report encourages
countries to continue the good work where it is already ongoing
and to place suicide prevention high on the agenda, regardless

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of where a country stands currently in terms of suicide rate or
suicide prevention activities.
Prevalence of Suicide Ideation among the Youth in the
Philippines
When it comes to the studies situated in the Philippines,
the most important piece of literature in suicide is arguably
Redaniel et al.’s longitudinal analysis of suicide rates in the
Philippines from 1974 to 2005. The study pored over the data
provided by the Philippine Health Statistics (PHS) published
annually by the Department of Health. There is a number of
important findings which the study arrived at. First, the
incidence of suicide in males increased from 0.23 to 3.59 per
100,000 between 1984 and 2005. Similarly, rates rose from 0.12
to 1.09 per 100,000 in females. Amongst females, suicide rates
were highest in 15-24 year olds, whilst in males rates were
similar in all age groups throughout the study period (Quintos,
2017).
Results indicate that one in every ten respondent (13.5%
or 2671 cases) reported that they have thought of committing
suicide at least once. Furthermore, 3.4%, or 678 respondents,
reported having tried committing suicide at least once. No
suicide attempter reported negatively for suicide ideation. This

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means that all cases of suicide attempts followed the typical
flow of thinking of suicide first before attempting the act
(Quintos, 2017).
Those in the 20 to 24 age cohort have the highest proportion
of suicide ideators. They also have the highest proportion of
Filipino youth who have attempted suicide at least once followed
by the 25 to 27 years age cohort. When one reflects on the
typical Filipino at age 20 to 24, it is at this moment of their
life that one transitions from being a college student to
working adult (Quintos, 2017).
The Philippines has had its share of high-profile cases of
suicide. From the start of the new millennium to the current
year, for example, there is at least one case of suicide covered
by various forms of media such as newspapers, television
reports, and articles on the World Wide Web every two years
(Quintos, 2017).

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Prevalent Methods of Suicide among the Youth
It can be seen in Table 2 that the most frequent method is
the slashing of the wrist. This is followed by the method of
ingesting drugs with the intent of death by overdose. According
to Farmer and Rohde, the choice of the method of suicide could
be a by-product of two factors: social acceptability of the
method and opportunity. In the case of the two aforementioned
prevalent methods, these are the methods of suicide often shown
in local and foreign television shows making them palatable to
the public. Furthermore, both of these methods are relatively
easy to conduct in a typical household wherein chemicals and
knives are easily available. This might be the reason why these
are the most prevalent methods of suicide.

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In Table 3, the methods utilized by the Filipino youth were
compared, using their nature as a violent or non-violent form
of suicide as the basis. Violent suicides are those which
aggressively inflict harm to the body and are often more lethal.
Examples of violent suicides are the slashing of wrists,
stabbing of self, hanging, throwing oneself under a vehicle,
and shooting oneself with a gun. Non-violent forms of suicide,
on the other hand, are those which are more passive in their
design to harm the body. These include methods such as ingesting
substances and starving oneself.
The distinction between violent and non-violent forms of
suicide is an important aspect of the phenomenon because while
not all suicide attempters really wish to succeed in ending

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their life, the risk of actual loss of life becomes greater when
more violent methods such as slashing of wrists, hanging, or
shooting oneself with a firearm are utilized instead of non-
violent forms such as death by intentional starvation or
intentional drug overdose.
Table 3 shows that the use of non-violent methods is most
prevalent amongst the 25 to 27 year olds and least amongst the
15 to 19 year olds, though violent methods of suicide are more
prevalent than nonviolent methods in all three age cohorts. This
prevalence of violent forms of suicide is mainly due to the
frequency of suicide attempters who slash their wrists. The
preference for violent methods lessens as people grow older,
while the opposite is found in nonviolent methods. Whether this
is because of greater reluctance of older people to die as they
grow older and consequently take on more roles and
responsibilities as well as more things to lose if they die
should be looked into. Both male and female groups of
respondents prefer violent methods of suicide over non-violent
methods, though men have higher proportion of violent suicide
attempts while females have higher proportion of non-violent
suicide attempts.

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Residence-wise, there is still a higher proportion of
violent suicide attempts, especially amongst the urban dwellers.
The trend of higher preference for violent methods extends to
regional comparisons, except for Region II – Cagayan Valley and
ARMM where non-violent methods of suicide reported higher rates.
Prevalent Reasons for Suicide

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Table 4 summarizes their reasons by theme. Respondents who
reported to have attempted suicide at least once were asked to
give the reason behind their attempt(s) at suicide. Their
reasons have been categorized into (1) No Reason, (2) Personal
Problems, (3) Family Problems, (4) Romantic Problems, and (4)
Others. The category of “No Reason” are for suicide attempters
who, when asked for their reason, responded that there is no
particular motivation behind their action. The category of
“Personal Problems” could be for suicide attempters whose
motivations are primarily due to challenges experienced by the
self, such as economic loss and academic failure. Family
problems are for those whose motivations are brought about by
conflicts in the family such as being forced to marry someone
that one is not in favor with and having a quarrel with one’s
parents. Romantic problems are for reasons such as being
pregnant and having a quarrel with one’s romantic partner.
Suicide Ideators’ Attempts of Committing Suicide

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A comparison of suicide ideation and suicide attempts by
sex shows that females have a higher proportion who have
contemplated suicide and made an attempt to do so. In previous
Suicidology studies, Coskun et al.’s study on Turkish suicide
rates as obtained from public records also found a higher rate
of female suicide than male, especially on the age cohort of 24
and below – accounting for 50% of all suicide cases amongst the
female population of the country [3].

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the methods and procedures, research
design, research locale, research population, sampling design,
research instrument, and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The researchers used the quantitative-qualitative type of
research in Empirical Analysis Suicide Ideation among High
School Students of Enverga University Candelaria.
This type of research design was used because of its
appropriateness to the nature of the study, particularly in
describing systematically a situation or area of interest
factually and accurately.
It intends to gather data by means of analyzing the subject
empirically. Observation is part of the tools that the
researchers have used to collect data from the participants.

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Research Locale
The study was conducted within the campus of Manuel S.
Enverga University Foundation – Candelaria Incorporated.
Research Population
The facts and data needed for the study were gathered from
twenty (20) students that were referred to them through networks
of mutual.
This are the people who have the background about the
subject matter in this study.
Research Sample
In this study, the research utilized the snowball
sampling technique in selecting the respondents. This type of
sampling has been used to connect the networks of respondent to
researchers.
Research Instrument
This research used a structured type of questionnaire
based on the sub-problems of the study. It is composed of three
(2) parts. The first part determined the demographic profile of
the respondents encompassing respondents’ name (optional), age,

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sex, and year level. The second part ascertained the different
suicide ideation factors and process of attempts if there is.
The last part is composed of non-categorical questions that
determine the patterns of this phenomenon descriptively.
Data Gathering Procedure
In carrying out this study, the researchers have sought
permission to the high school department’s principal, Ms. Mary
Jane S. Carandang by sending a letter of approval to her office,
as per advised by their research project adviser before
distributing the questionnaires. In distribution of
questionnaires, the researchers have utilized the snowball
sampling method, so in general, they have gathered a total of
twenty (20) respondents through referrals. Due to the
sensitiveness of this study, the researchers have clarified that
it is not mandatory to answer and it is their choice as a
respondent to excuse themselves if they do not feel to talk
about it.

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Statistical Treatment
The researchers have used the weighted mean formula to
determine students’ self-awareness, self-actualization and
level of burnout.
Σ𝑓𝑤
Formula: WAM = 𝑛
Wherein:
WAM = stands for the weighted average mean
Σ𝑓𝑤 = refers to the sum of the product of the frequency
and weights
N = refers to the total number of respondents

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Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents, interprets, and analyses data
obtained from the respondents through the questionnaire given
by the researchers and personal interviews conducted during the
investigation.
In answer to sub-problems posed at the beginning of the
study, this part provided the data about “Empirical Analysis on
Suicide Ideation among Students of Enverga University
Candelaria”. Specifically it will answer the following: (1)
how prevalent are suicide ideation among the students; (2)
prevalent methods they thought in committing suicide; (3) the
prevalent reasons of suicide ideation among the students; (4)
the percentage of those suicide ideators have attempted suicide
already.
These are supported by the statistics as found in the
accompanying graphs and tables and by substantiating data taken
from the review of related literature and studies.

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Part I. The Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Figure 1. The distribution of demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of sex.
The figure shows distribution of gender is properly
distributed. The data showed that the percentage of the
respondents according to their gender are 50% of the respondents
are both male and female.
Gender differences is also a factor of suicidal
ideation. Additionally, current literature suggests a link
between suicide and exposure to violent behavior in both males
and females. Female students were reported twice as many

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suicide attempts, while male students who were physically
assaulted were also at higher risk of suicide. Males are much
less likely to seek a mental health problem than females, even
from informal support systems, such as family and friends.
(Stephenson, 2006). This may seem that high school students are
interested to talk about the study, as they have enough
knowledge regarding it. Therefore, it can be concluded that a
more effective understanding of the students’ suicide ideation
which are having an impact on their academic performance.
Figure 2. The distribution of the demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of age.

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The figure shows that 15% of the respondents are 16
years old; 35% are 17 years of age; 40% are 18 years of age;
and 10% are 19 years of age.
The data showed that the highest percentage of the
respondents according to their age are 40% who are 18 years old
while the least percentage are those who are 19 years of age.
A study was conducted by the University of Virginia in
2011 suggests that more college students (ages from 16 and
above) die as a result of suicide than alcohol abuse (Turner &
Keller, 2011). Another study showed that nearly 80% of college
students who have died by suicide did not seek mental health
services despite having access to a university counseling center
(Denmark, Hess, & Becker, 2012).

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respondents in terms of their strand in high school.
The figure shows that the respondent’s profile according
to their educational attainment are properly distributed.
School education is a very important part in an
individual’s life and is also a turning point in their academic
life. At this stage, the academic performance of a student plays
a crucial role in deciding the next stage of their education,
which in turn shapes their career. An excess of academic stress
during this stage can result in adverse effects that are far-
reaching and prolonged.

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In today’s highly competitive world, students face
various academic problems including exam pressures, disinterest
in attending classes and the inability to understand a subject.
Academic stress involves mental distress regarding anticipated
academic challenges or failure or even the fear of the
possibility of academic failure. Academic stressors show
themselves in many aspects in the students’ environment: at
school, home, in their peer relations and even in their
neighborhood.
Excessive levels of academic stress can result in an
increased prevalence of psychological and physical problems like
depression, anxiety, nervousness and stress related disorders,
which in turn can affect their academic results. Anxiety and
stress have a substantial negative effect on their social,
emotional and academic success. Depression is becoming the most
common mental health problem college students suffer these days.
It is also a reflection of an individual’s academic frustration,
academic conflict, academic anxiety and academic pressure. The
four components of academic stress usually identifiable in a
student are academic frustration, academic conflicts, academic
anxieties and academic pressures (Thakkar, 2018).

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respondents in terms of general average.
The figure exposes that 25% of the respondents have a
general average of 90%; 20% are the respondents having a general
average 89%; 15% of the respondents having a general average of
93%; 10% of the respondents having 91%, 88%, and 87% as their
general average; while 86% and 85% were 10% of the population.
The data showed that the highest percentage of high
school students is 90% while the least percentage are 86% and
85%.

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According to Dr. Kristen Lee (2015), students were
marinating stress, and they weren’t worried just because of
academic pressures, but mainly from their work and personal
demand. The stress affected their health, relationships, and
self-confidence. They also said their grades were shaky when
they weren’t actively working to combat the ill effects of
stress.
The mental health of students, especially in terms of
academic stress and its impact, has become a serious issue among
school and policymakers because of the increasing incidence of
suicides among students across the globe (Thakkar, 2018).

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respondents in terms of their religion.
The figure shows that there are 75% of the respondents
are Roman Catholic; while 15% are Born Again; and 10% are Iglesia
Ni Cristo.
The data showed that the highest percentage of
respondents are Roman Catholic having 75% while the least
percentage are Iglesia ni Cristo.
According to Lawrence R.E. (2016), Religious
affiliation does not necessarily protect against suicidal
ideation, but does protect against suicide attempts. Whether
religious affiliation protect against suicide attempts may

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depend on the culture-specific implications of affiliating with
a particular religion, since minority religious groups can feel
socially isolated.
Therefore, it may be concluded that, religion has an
effect on student’s suicidal ideation.
Part II. Yes or No.
Figure 6. The distribution of respondent’s awareness about the
importance of life.
The chart shows that 85% of the respondents are morally
aware about the importance of life; while 15% of the respondents
do not know deeply about the importance of life.

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Purpose and means are both important. However, the means
become useless if we do not know the purpose. This is why knowing
the purpose of life is so crucial. The purpose of life is "why
we live," which is one and the same for everybody. The ultimate
goal of life is to experience the real joy of being human. This
joy can only be achieved when we accomplish the purpose of being
born a human: the realization of absolute peace of mind and
satisfaction (Shinrankai, 2012).
Figure 7. The distribution of respondent’s awareness towards
causes of suicidal ideation.
Chart shows 90% of the respondents know the causes of
suicide ideation; while 10% of the respondents do not know.

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It is really important to know the causes of suicide
ideation. People who have suicidal thoughts are often so
overwhelmed by feelings of sadness and hopelessness that they
think they have no other option. While it can be hard to know
how someone is feeling on the inside, there are various
behaviors that can indicate suicidal tendencies. It’s important
to recognize these warning signs so you can help a family member
or a friend who may be experiencing suicidal thoughts. Taking
action and getting someone the help they need may help prevent
a tragic suicide attempt or death (Lee, 2015).

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Figure 8. The distribution of respondent’s response if their
parents know about their personal problems.
It shows that 70% of the respondents are not open about
to their parents about their personal problems; while 30% of
the respondents are vocal and open about their problems.
According to Molly Brunk (2015), listening and talking
is the key to a healthy connection between you and your family.
But parenting is hard work and maintaining a good connection
with teens can be challenging, especially since parents are
dealing with many other pressures. If you are having problems
over an extended period of time, you might want to consider
consulting with a mental health professional to find out how
they can help.

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ways to prevent suicide ideation.
Figure 9 shows that 65% of the respondents know the ways
to prevent suicide ideation; while 35% of the respondents are
not.
If you are prone to suicidal thoughts, ensure that the
means to commit suicide have been removed. For example, give
tablets and sharp objects to someone for safekeeping, or put
them in a locked or otherwise inaccessible place. At the same
time, ensure that the opportunity to commit suicide is lacking.
The surest way of doing this is by remaining in close contact
with one or more people, for example, by inviting them to stay
with you. Share your thoughts and feelings with these people,
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and don’t be reluctant to let them help you. If no one is
available or no one seems suitable, there are a number of
emergency telephone lines that you can ring at any time. Do not
use alcohol or drugs as these can make your behavior more
impulsive and thereby significantly increase your likelihood of
attempting suicide. In particular, do not drink or take drugs
alone, or end up alone after drinking or taking drugs.
Make a list of all the positive things about yourself
and a list of all the positive things about your life, including
the things that have so far prevented you from committing
suicide (you may need to get help with this). Keep the lists on
you, and read them to yourself each time you are assailed by
suicidal thoughts.

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exhaustion.
Figure 10 exposes that 100% of them or all of them are
experiencing exhaustion.
Everyone is overtired or overworked from time to time.
Such instances of temporary fatigue usually have an identifiable
cause and a likely remedy.
Unrelenting exhaustion, on the other hand, lasts longer,
is more profound and isn't relieved by rest. It's a nearly
constant state of weariness that develops over time and reduces

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your energy, motivation and concentration. Fatigue at this level
impacts your emotional and psychological well-being, too.
Part III. Self- Awareness, Self- Actualization, and Level of
Burnout of High School Students. (1 – being the lowest and 5 -
being the highest).
Table 1. The distribution of students’ suicide ideation that
affects their mental state.
STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5 WAM Analysis Rank
Level of
Sensitivity 3 1 11 2 3 3.05 High Extent 5
(Emotionally)
Very High
Level of Stress 1 2 7 4 6 3.6 2
Extent
Level of Being
2 5 4 4 5 3.25 High Extent 3
Depress
Very High
Level of Anxiety 2 1 6 3 8 3.7 1
Extent
Level of Being
7 1 2 3 7 3.1 High Extent 4
Suicidal
TOTAL WEIGHTED
Very High Extent 3.34
MEAN
Legend:
3.26 – 4.00 Very High Extent 2.50 – 3.25 High Extent 1.76 – 2.49 Moderate Extent
1.50-1.75 Low Extent
Table 1 shows the frequency and the weighted mean of
student’s suicidal ideation that affects the mental state of
the high school students. The level of stress and the level of

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anxiety were quite alarming because it tends to lead to
depression (Dr. Schroeder, 2010)
The data shows that there is a need for better
understanding of factors related to help-seeking in suicidal
ideation among high school students for effective intervention.
Mental health resources that are not widely utilized cannot
effectively address the problems they seek to solve. This study
hopes to provide insight on why the majority of high school
students struggling with suicidal ideation choose not to seek
help so that interventions can be adjusted to increase help-
seeking.
According to Dr. Erin Leonard (2017), there are two
distinct types of sensitivity, one that revolves around sensing
possible threats to the ego and one that involves depth of
feeling. Suicidal ideation have many causes. Most often, it is
the result of feeling like the respondents can’t cope when
they’re faced with what seems to be an overwhelming life
situation. If the respondents didn’t know how to assess
themselves if they’re experiencing suicidal ideations, they may
experience a sort of tunnel vision, wherein the middle of a
crisis they believe suicide is the only way out.

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Table 2. The distribution of the student’s suicidal ideation
towards awareness about their mental health.
STATEMENT Always Sometimes Seldom Never WAM Analysis Rank
How often does

your suicidal
12 7 1 0 1.5 Always 1
ideation occur
in a month?
Does school
pressure makes
you think about 6 7 5 2 1.9 Sometimes 2
suicide
ideation?
Thinking that
suicide will
help you escape 4 9 5 2 2 Sometimes 3
all your
problems.
Opening my
personal
1 2 7 10 3.3 Never 5
problems with my
parents.
Opening my
personal
2 5 7 6 2.9 Seldom 4
problems with my
friends.
TOTAL WEIGHTED
Sometimes 2.28
MEAN
Legend
3.26 – 4.00 Never 1.76 – 2.49 Sometimes
2.50 – 3.25 Seldom 1.00-1.75 Always
Table 2 shows the frequency and weighted mean
distribution of student’s suicidal ideation towards awareness
about their mental health.

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The respondents answered that school pressure sometimes
makes them think about suicide ideation. Data from the 2015
National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) show that students
with higher academic grades are less likely to consider or
attempt suicide compared to students with lower grades. It is
important to remember that these associations do not prove
causation. Students with higher grades are less likely to: feel
sad or hopeless nearly every day for at least 2 weeks in a row,
seriously consider attempting suicide, and make a plan about
how they might attempt suicide.
The data above explains that suicidal ideation must be
considered to be an important precursor to later attempted and
complete suicide. It has been associated with poor psychosocial
functioning, future depressive disorders, school matters, and
aggressive behavior. Lack of social support from family and
friends is also an important correlate of suicidal ideation
among high school students. For high school students, higher
levels of social support appear to exert a protective effect
against suicidal ideation by increasing self-efficacy. On the
other hand, social disconnection and isolation, or “failed
belongingness,” might be critical influence on suicidal ideation
(Dr. Schroeder, 2010).

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Table 3. The distribution of respondent’s suicidal ideation
towards level of burnout.
STATEMENT Always Sometimes Seldom Never WAM Analysis Rank

How often does
your suicidal
6 7 5 2 1.9 Sometimes 2
ideation occur
in a month?
Does school
pressure makes
you think 12 7 1 0 1.5 Always 1
about suicide
ideation?
Have you ever
see yourself
committing 4 9 5 2 2 Sometimes 3
suicide in a
dream?
Opening my
personal
1 2 7 10 3.3 Never 5
problems with
my parents.
Opening my
personal
2 5 7 6 2.9 Seldom 4
problems with
my friends.
TOTAL WEIGHTED
Sometimes 2.28
MEAN
Legend:
3.26 – 4.55 Very High 2.56 – 3.25 High 2.26 – 2.55 Moderate
1.56 - 2.25 Low 1.55 – 1.00 Very Low
Table 3 shows the frequency and weighted mean of
student’s suicidal ideation towards emotional stability of the
high school students.
A person who have high emotional stability has a
tendency to easily experience negative emotions. People who
score high in emotional stability are very emotionally reactive.

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They will have an emotional response to events that would not
affect most people. A high scorer in emotional stability on a
personality test has a greater chance of feeling threatened or
being in a bad mood in a normal situation. They may find it
difficult to think clearly and cope with stress. (Dr. Kristen
Lee, 2015)
The data shows that there is a need to address and
evaluate one’s emotional stability to have a clear mind and to
avoid having suicidal ideation. Having so much workloads may
cause one’s emotion to be low. Lack of sleep or not making the
sleep hours to be enough, one’s emotion is lacked and the person
feels negative. Being exhausted about the things you are working
on might cause and lead to emotional breakdown that may lead to
suicidal ideation.

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Part III. Qualitative Data
Table 7
Teenagers who has suicide attempts and the items they used.
Subject Factors on Attempting Items used during the

Suicide attempt
Mr. SCHOOL KNIFE
Shawn
”Nakakapagod na puro na lang “Kutsilyo ang nakita ko na
stress sa school” maaaring makatulong sa akin
para mamatay na.”
FAMILY
“I feel empty and an
unworthy son because of my
stupidity and being
stubborn.”
Mr. Rua FAMILY DRUGS
“Lagi na lang, nakakapagod ”Para hindi ko na maramdaman
na ang sumunod sa utos nila. yung sakit, diretso patay na
Sila na lang palagi ang lang ako.”
tama. Wala na akong free
will.”
Mr. HEALTH BLADE
Steve
“I am sick of being me. “Dahil mas madaming dugo at
Pakiramdam ko hindi ako natutuwa ako nay un ang
ito.” ginagamit ko.”
Ms. Sky SOCIETY BLADE
“Yung mga nakapaligid sa “Dahil blade ang lagi kong
aking tao lagi na lang akong bitbit kahit saan ako
pinagmumukhang walang magpunta.”
kwenta.”
Mr. Jax FAMILY BUMP-OFF BY A CAR
“Isa lang naman akong “Biglaan ko lang naisio na
sagabal sa pamilya ko. Mas magpakabangga na lang noon.”
mabuti na ang mawala ako.”
PEERS ALCOHOL
“Pinamumukha nila akong “Para malimutan ko na lahat
walang kwenta.” ng nararamdaman ko.”

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Subject Factors on Attempting Items used during the attempt

Suicide
Ms. Kitara FAMILY BLADE
“Feeling ko napakawalang “Dahil mas mura ang blade

kwenta ng buhay ko. para sa pagpapakamatay.”
Walang buhay, walang
kulay, walang sigla.
ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP ROPE

“Lagi na lang akong
niloloko. Nahuli ko na
siya ng ilang beses pero “Gusto koi sang bigtihan lang
pinatawad ko na kasi sana kaso nahuli naman ako ng
akala ko magbabago. Siya kaibigan ko.”
lang yung tao na
pinagkakatiwalaan ko
pero iniwan niya ako.”
Ms. Spring FAMILY BLADE
”Lagi na lang ako yung “Natutuwa ako sat alas at
mali.” liit ng blade. Hindi mo alam
nasasaktan ka na pala.”
Ms. Autumn FAMILY ROPE
“Feeling ko mag-isa lang “Di pala matibay ang

talaga ako. pinagsabitan ko nung lubid
Nakakapagsisi na buhay pa noong balak ko na sana
ako. Napapaisip na lang magpakamatay kaya ayun
ako kung ano ba ang nawalan na ako ng gana sa
iniisip nila sa akin pero lubid na yun.”
pakiramdam ko lahat
masama.”
Mr. White HEALTH BLADE
“Nagsisisi ako na buhay “Gusto ko ay dahan-dahan

pa rin ako until now. akong namamatay.”
Pagod na ako sa lahat.”
Mr. Ace FAMILY BLADE
“Di ako belong sa lahat “Pag may problema akong

ng bagay. Di ako kinakaharap, naglalaslas ako
priority.” kasi pakiramdam ko nawawala
ang sakit.”

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Subject Factors on Attempting Items used during the attempt

Suicide
Ms. Grey HEALTH BLADE
“Gusto ko na talagang “Dinadivert ko ang isip ko

ipahinga ang katawan through paglalaslas para dun
ko. Sobrang naabuso ko matuon yung nararamdaman ko.”
na siya.”
Ms. Summer HEALTH ROPE
“Matatapos din ang “Lubid kasi ang nasa isip ko na

lahat. Sukong-suko na instrument ko kung paano ako
ang katawan ko.” magpapakamatay. Sinubukan kong
gawin kaso nagkaroon ng
emergency sa bahay.”
Ms. Leigh FAMILY DRUGS
“Nabigo ko sila bilang “Gusto ko isang lag-ukan na lang

isang anak. Sa bawat lahat. Pikit na lang ako pero
paggising ko, nagsisisi patay na pala.”
ako kung bakit buhay pa
din ako.”
Mr. Harley SCHOOL DRUGS
“Miserable ang buhay ko “Gusto ko na hindi na maramdaman

dahil lagi na lang ako yung sakit.”
ang sentro ng atensyon.
Puro na lang pambubully
ang ginagawa sa akin..”
Mr. Pogs SCHOOL BLADE
“Lagi na lang ako ang “Isang problema, isang laslas.

sinisisi sa lahat ng Lumungkot ako, isang laslas.
bagay. Sinasaktan ako Nagkamali, laslas ulit.
ng pisikal.”

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Subject Factors on Attempting Suicide Items used during the

attempt
Ms. Clein FAMILY GET DROWN
“Hanggang ngayon, di ko pa rin “Muntik na talaga akong

maiwasang isipin ang mga mamatay nun kaso
pagkakamali ko sa pamilya ko. sinagip naman ako nung
Kinukonsensya pa din ako ng bantay dun sa bukal.”
past.”
BUMP-OFF BY A CAR
“Hindi ako nalunod kaya

sinubukan kong
magpakabangga kaya lang
iniwasan at minura lang
ako ng mga driver.”
BLADE
“Nakakawala talaga ng
pag-asa na hindi ako
mamatay-matay kaya
naglaslas na lang ako
kaso di effective.
ROPE
“Di pa din ako

nakapagbigti kasi
nalaman na nila na
gusto ko talag
magpakamatay kaya
binatayan na nila ako
simula noon.
Ms. Jace FAMILY JUMPING OFF BY A CLIFF
“Nagsisisi ako kung bakit pa ako “Sa damuhan lang ako
nabuhay. I hate my life.” bumagsak. Nabalian lang
ako ng buto.”
BUMP-OFF BY A CAR
“Biglaan ko lang naisip
na magpakangga.”

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Subject Factors on Attempting Suicide Items used during the

attempt
Ms. Layla SCHOOL BLADE
“I failed as a student. A “Mas gusto ko ang

number bully and trouble blade kesa sa kutsilo
maker.” kasi hindi halata na
gusto mo na
magpakamatay pag yun
ang gamit mo.”
Mr. Majin SCHOOL ROPE
“Hindi na natapos ang mga “Gusto ko na

gawain. Hindi naman ako robot nakalutang o nakahang
para gawin ang lahat. Lagi na lang ako pag
lang akong pinagtitripan sa mamamatay.”
school.”
Ms. Ter SCHOOL BLADE
“Lagi na lang ako ang pinipin “I want to kill

point ng mga teachers. myself, slowly. I love
Napakataas ng expectations how my wrist becomes
nila sa akin tapos kapag pale. I love to see
nabigo ko naman sila sobra myself screaming
nila akong sinisisi to the because of the pain
point na pinepersonal na ang that I am feeling.”
grades ko.
Table 4 discussed the factor of the respondents on why
they attempted suicide and how it went. It shows that the common
factor or cause of their attempt is the relationship with their
family, and the frequent item used to do the attempt was the
blade. Mr. Shawn, Mr. Rua, Mr. Jax, Ms. Kitara, Ms. Spring, Ms.

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Leigh, and Ms. Clein, Ms. Autumn, Mr. Ace attempted suicide with
the common cause of some family issues. Aside from that Mr.
Harley, Ms. Layla, Mr. Pogs, Mr. Majin, and Ms. Ter are having
difficulty dealing with school pressure because of workloads.
Most of the respondents attempted suicide by slashing their
wrists.
According to Joiner and his colleagues (2010), both
expectations about pain-to be- experienced (e.g. “I won’t feel
anything once I pull the trigger”), physiological habituation
to physical pain sensations, and cognitive appraisals of the
tolerability of expected and experienced pain are key factors
in determining individual’s tolerance for the pain involved in
a specific suicide method.

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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, findings derived from
the analysis and interpretation of results. This also imparts
the conclusions and recommendations formulated thereafter.
Summary
This study aimed to know the personality pattern of
teenagers with suicide ideation. This study has the following
objectives:
1. To know how prevalent are suicide ideation among the
students.
2. To know the prevalent methods of suicide among the
students.
3. To know the prevalent reasons for suicide among the
students.
4. To know the percentage of those ideators have attempted
suicide already.

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One of the leading causes of death around the world is
suicide. Specifically, suicide is the second leading cause of
death globally among 15 to 29 years of age according to the 2014
global report on preventing suicide by the World Health
Organization and the leading cause of death among college
students. This research utilized a quantitative-qualitative
method to find out the personality pattern of teenagers with
suicidal tendencies from the municipality of Candelaria, chosen
through referrals. The respondents of this study were only
twenty (20) individuals who attempted suicide during their
teenage years. They are between the ages of 13-19 when they
committed suicide. They were identified from their personal data
through referrals and verified through interview. The data
information in the study was gathered by the researchers by
giving each participant an interview.
Findings
Based from the gathered data, the following findings were
revealed.
1. Prevalence of Suicide Ideation
1.1. Gender difference

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Prevalence of suicide ideation among students occur
almost once in a month, having a mean score of 1.5 which remarks
as always. This is an alarming figure for a school with less
than three thousand (3000) population.
Gender difference is also a great factor in suicide
ideation. In the chapter 2 of this study, male have the higher
risk in suicide than female. In the study from 1984 to 2005,
100,000 male and 100,000 females were asked regarding their
study and after 2 decades of research they have found out that
in males from 0.23% (230 individuals) in 1984 rose to 3.59 (3590
individuals) in 2005. Respectively, females from 0.12 (120
individuals) rose to 1.09 (1,090 individuals).
2. Teenagers who has suicide ideation and the methods they
have utilized in their attempt(s).
The first leading method that they have thought in
committing suicide is knife or blade. It is an easy-to-find
instrument for its availability and convenience. Second is
overdosing drugs and alcohol intoxication. This method is
categorize as a non-violent for it does not require self-harm.
For them it is the easiest way to take their lives and also,
the most peaceful way to die. Last is by means of hanging

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themselves or also known as “bigti” in the Philippines. This is
perhaps the bravest act in taking your own life.
3. Prevalent reasons of suicide ideation.
There are two (2) leading reasons for suicide ideation. The
first one is due to family problems. It encompasses financial
and personal problem. Second is school or academic problem. It
is not beyond the knowledge of everyone that students allotted
most of their time inside the school and a lot of reasons can
affect them like pushing their own selves to excel as we have
gathered their demographic profile majority of these students
were academically competent. Classmates pressure or peer
pressure can also be found inside the school.
4. What percentage of those ideators have attempted suicide
already?
Surprisingly, 100% of the respondents have tried or
attempted to commit suicide once in their lives.

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Conclusions
The following are drawn and formulated based on the
findings:
1. In the background of the study, there were two cases of
suicide mentioned and to reveal, both of these students
were male. In the chapter 2 of this study, researchers have
used a related literature which argues that male have the
higher risk of committing suicide than females.
2. School must enforce programs that will help their students
regulate their activities and daily task to avoid academic
burnout.
3. Parents should start planning activities that would brought
their family closer like bonding time, leisure activities
and out-of-town trips. Family has a strong foundation in
building one’s character.
4. Suicide ideation is inevitable hence, it is still depends
on someone’s mental and emotional stability to combat those
negative thoughts so also for the parents, it is a must
that you invest in building or shaping your children’s
mental health.

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5. Mental health should be prioritize by the Department of
Health especially in this generation where the youth is
becoming more and more vulnerable.
6. Mental health is as dangerous as cancer but unlike cancer,
symptoms of mental health disease is very hard to spot for
it doesn’t manifest a physical change. Moreover, the stigma
surrounding it holds back from getting the right treatment.
Recommendations
In achieving a sustainable change, it requires a life-
long process. And to start helping the students in overcoming
their problems, may it be inside or outside the school the
researchers suggest the following recommendations:
Guidance office
o Formulate a mandatory testing to all students to monitor
their mental health status.
o Implement programs that will ease student’s academic
burnout.
o Let your office be known to everyone that you are open for
the students in counseling and start dispelling the
misconception that guidance office is a room where
disciplinary action takes place.

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Faculty
o Be more cautious in giving activities. Make sure that it
is within the capacity of the students to avoid fallout.
o Give time on your students to have a nap time where students
will have to take a nap for at least one hour to contemplate
and to allow them rejuvenate their body. Doing this once a
week can make a change.
Parents
o Start building a strong communication with your children
and make it easy for them to call for your help if needed.
Be more sensitive.
o Watch every word that you will say on your child. Every
word counts and every word shapes their character.
Subject
o There are a lot of people who are very much willing to
help you. All you need to do is to ask for help. Do not
be afraid of judgments. You are dealing with your own life
and there is no undo button. Suicide is a permanent
solution for a temporary problem. Make the most out of
your decisions.

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Psychological sense of community and student burnout.
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student: a descriptive profile. Journal of College Student
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Personal Growth. Free Press, New York.
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Suicide Attempts among the Filipino Youth and Its
Relationship with the Family Unit. Los Baños, Laguna.
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the Filipino Youth: Findings from a Nationally
Representative Survey of Filipinos Aged 15 to 27. Malate,
Manila. Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies.
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Professional Burnout: Recent Development in Theory and
Research. Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC.
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for Dummies (5th ed.). England, United Kingdom: John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd.
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academic achievement in multiple enrolment programs in

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Taiwan's technical-vocational colleges. International
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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A
-LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL-
February 8, 2019
MARY JANE S. CARANDANG

High School Department
MSEUF-Candelaria, Inc.
Quezon, Philippines
Abundance!
In partial fulfilment to our Research Project entitled, Empirical Analysis
on Suicide Ideation among High School Students of Enverga University
Candelaria, may we ask your good office to kindly allow us to conduct
interview to students of Enverga University Candelaria regarding the study
mentioned above.
In relation to the Privacy Act No. 10173, otherwise known as the Data Privacy
Act which seeks to protect all forms of information, be it private, personal,
or sensitive. It was meant to cover both natural and juridical persons
involved in the processing of personal information. We promise to keep all
the records of data safe under our custody to protect their personal
information.
Failure to comply with this could transgress the rights of our respondents
and we, the researchers would take full accountable if any information
goes public without your consent.
Thank you very much and we are hoping for your generous response.
Respectfully Yours,
Orioste, Richmond Zedrick
Mabulay, Lara Mhay
De Chavez, Jenny Marie
Mindanao, Kyla Monique
Magboo, Elma Maureen
Noted by
MR. RUSSEL MORENO

Teacher, Research Project
MS. MARY JANE S. CARANDANG

MSEUF-Candelaria Inc.
Quezon, Philippines

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March 5, 2019
APPENDIX B
-LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS-
February__, 2019
RESPONDENTS
MSEUF-Candelaria, Inc.
Quezon, Philippines
Abundance!
In partial fulfilment to our Research Project entitled, Empirical Analysis

on Suicide Ideation among High School Students of Enverga University
Candelaria, may we request your time to be one of our respondents with
accordance to our study mentioned above.
In relation to the Privacy Act No. 10173, otherwise known as the Data
Privacy Act which seeks to protect all forms of information, be it
private, personal, or sensitive. It is meant to cover both natural and
juridical persons involved in the processing of personal information. We
promise to keep all the records of data safe under our custody to protect
your personal information.
Thank you very much and we are hoping for your generous response.
Respectfully yours,
Researchers

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APPENDIX C
QUESTIONNAIRE
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON STUDENT’S SUICIDE IDEATION

Part I. The Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Gender: ___________________
Age: ______________________
Strand: ___________________
General Average: ___________
Religion: __________________
Part II. Yes or No.

YES OR NO YES NO
1. Are you having thoughts about suicide?
2. Do you know the causes of suicide ideation?
3. Are you open to your parents about your personal problems?
4. Do you know that there are ways to prevent suicide ideation?
5. Do you feel exhausted?
Part III. Self- Awareness, Self- Actualization, and Level of Burnout of

High School Students’ Suicide Ideation. Rate your answer base on the
ANALYSIS OF MENTAL STABILITY 1 2 3 4 5
1. Level of Sensitivity
(Emotional)
2. Level of Stress
3. Level of Being Depress
4. Level of Anxiety
5. Level of Being
Suicidal?
questions provided below, 5 as the highest and 1 for the lowest.
SELF-AWARENESS Always Sometimes Seldom Never

1. How often does your suicide
ideation occur in a month?
2. Does school pressure makes you
think suicide ideation?
3. Have you ever see yourself
committing suicide in a dream?
4. Opening my personal problem
with my parents.
5. Opening my personal problem
with my friends.

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LEVEL OF BURNOUT 1 2 3 4 5
1. Level of Suicide Ideation
2. Level of Workloads every week
3. How exhausted you are right now?
4. Lack of Sleep
5. Level of Emotional Stability
Part III.
Questions:
1. Sometimes people feel that life is not worth living. Can you tell me
how you feel about your own life?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. What are some of the aspects of your life that may make you feel or
think that your life is not worth living?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. If you would attempt to suicide would it be violent or non-violent.

Violent ways refers to those inflicted-harm such as slashing of risk while
non-violent refers to more passive process such as overdosing with drugs.
Sss
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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4. Have you attempted already? If yes, what were you thinking before you
arrived with the idea of committing it?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Did you anticipate that you might be discovered? If not, were you found
accidentally?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. How did you feel after your attempt? Did you feel relief or regret at
being alive?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
7. Did you receive treatment after your attempt? Did you get medical and/
or psychiatric, emergency help? Were you assessed in an emergency
department?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8. How do you think and feel about your life now? Have things changed for
you? Do you see your life in the same way or differently?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. How do you feel for your own future?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
10. What would help you to feel or think more positively,

optimistically or hopefully about your future?


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1|Page

MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION – CANDELARIA, INC.

“Somebody dies by taking their own life every 40 seconds.” This

was the report of British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) published on

September 4, 2014 took from the World Health Organization’s

significant study. Dr. Margaret Chan, the director general of the

This is a very sensitive topic for it requires delicate approach

but this is indeed a relevant issue also that needs to be addressed.

In the Philippines, experts say the number of suicide cases and

suicide cases reported aged between 15 to 29 years old.

The gruesome figure mentioned above could grow exponentially if

about suicide in the Philippines is limited. In the previous decades,

situated in the context of the country.

Senior High School Department

MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION – CANDELARIA, INC.

This study aims to explore and go deeper in analyzing the source

of suicide ideation among the students and how it greatly affects

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Manuel S. Enverga University Candelaria alone, there are two

action to the authority to do something and to raise a red flag.

Suicide seems to be a final resort for those people who

experience the decrease of their emotional temperature. Both of them

experience depression before committing suicide, at least according

aware of their mental state yet they choose to do nothing.

Health Department needs to take action by implementing programs

among educational institution that will perform a mandatory

psychological test to avert the possibilities of mental disability

and to take precautionary measures if needed.

Countless factors have been pointing to why it happens such as

too much exposure on social media, family problems, overloaded school

works, and romantic relationship conflicts (World Psychiatry, 2006).

Senior High School Department

MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION – CANDELARIA, INC.

how prevalent does suicide ideation occur to someone particularly on

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims to analyze and interpret the suicide ideation

among students. Specific questions that the researcher aims to answer

are the following:

1. How prevalent are suicide ideation among students?

2. What are the prevalent methods they thought in committing

3. What are the prevalent reasons of suicide ideation among

4. What percentage of those suicide ideators have attempted

Mark Anthony Quintos on his study, “Predictors of

Suicide Ideation among the Filipino Youth: Findings from

Nationally Representative Survey of Filipinos Aged 15 to 27”,

presented in De La Salle University, Manila on 2017 pointed out

that suicide as a cause of death among young people is

increasingly becoming a problem in the Philippines. Suicide has

been observed to be the 9th leading cause of death among those

Senior High School Department

MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION – CANDELARIA, INC.

aged 20 -24 since 2003, and responsible for approximately one

out of every three deaths among Filipinos aged 10-24.

In this study, the researcher aims to uncover more things

in the context of the university alone and how the guidance

office could possibly address this issue by implementing

programs that would perhaps undermine this silent killer plague

by analyzing the result of this study.

By synthesizing both studies, the researcher could compare

the result from nationwide context down to the context of our

university. Being said that suicide is the 9th leading cause of

death among the youth is a great way to start exploring the

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS