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ABSTRACT
The experiment is performed to understand the chemical synthesis of acetanilide, a derivative of aniline.
Acetanilide, produced from the nucleophilic acyl substitution of aniline and acetic anhydride, is synthesized and
purified by recrystallization. Color Test and Azo-Dyestuff Test are performed in order to determine the purity of the
synthesized acetanilide. A series of color reactions were observed upon the addition of chemical reagents in both
tests. The first part of the Color Test showed the transition of colors from dirty white precipitate to purple crystal in
solution. The second part of the Color Test started from dirty white precipitate until it formed a green solution.
Finally, the Azo-Dyestuff Test started as a brown solution and formed a yellow precipitate in the end. To further
check the purity, the melting point determination is done. After getting the average of the two trials, a temperature of
115 °C is obtained, close to the melting point of pure acetanilide which is 114 °C.
( )
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Synthesized acetanilide is an odorless solid chemical C. Mass of Acetic Anhydride
of leaf or flake-like appearance. It is obtained by
( )( )
mixing premeasured amounts of aniline and acetic
anhydride.
D. Mole of Acetic Anhydride
The first part of Color Test resulted in a transition of
( )
colors from dirty white precipitate to purple crystals
in this order:
Dirty white precipitate- clear, colorless solution-
brown ring- clear, colorless solution- clear, light pink The limiting reagent is Acetic Anhydride while the
solution- dark blue turbid solution- purple crystals in excess reagent is Aniline.
solution
E. Theoretical Moles of Acetanilide
The second part of Color Test gave a transition from ( )( )( )
dirty white precipitate to green solution in this order:
Dirty white precipitate- clear, colorless solution-
brown ring- clear, colorless solution- clear, light pink F. Theoretical Mass of Acetanilide
solution- yellow solution- green solution ( )
G. Mass of Filter Paper: 1.5699g
The Azo-Dyestuff Test likewise gave a transition
H. Mass of the Filter Paper and Acetanilide:
from brown solution to yellow precipitate in this
2.7294g
order:
I. Calculation of Percentage Recovery
Brown solution- purple solution- white precipitate-
orange precipitate- yellow precipitate
REFERENCES
[1]
http://chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/ACET
ANILIDE.htm
[2]
Cahn, A .; Hepp, P. (1886), "The antifebrin, a new
antipyretic," Centralbl. Klin Med. 7:. 561-64.
[3]
Brodie, B. B.; Axelrod, J. (1948),"The fate of
acetanilide in man", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.94 (1):
29–38.
[5]
Ashford’s Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals (3rd
ed.). 2011. p.33.
[6]
Acetanilide, SIDS Initial Assessment Report,
Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme,
September 2003.
[7]
http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/lab_manuals/c1
0expt23.html
[8]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline
[9]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_anhydride