06-Chapter 3 - 2D Meshing-v2017.2.3-27JUNE-2018 PDF

Chapter 3: 2D Meshing
Chapter 3
2D Meshing
Exercise 3a - 2D Shell Meshing and Topology Refinement
Step 1: Load the model: …\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\

03a-2D-MESH.hm.
Step 2: Automatic 2D Meshing

1. Go to Mesh > Create > 2D AutoMesh to open the Automesh panel and select the
displayed surfaces.
2. Mesh the part with an element size of 5. Set all of the options to match the picture
above.
3. Review the mesh. Overall the mesh looks pretty good but closer examination of
areas around the part reveals there are some extremely poor quality elements.
HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 49

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4. Manipulate the part using the Pan, Rotate and Zoom functions and identify areas of
poor mesh formation.
As discussed in the lecture, HyperMesh always maintains all edges in the model
except those that are suppressed.
Turning the mesh visualization off shows the surface edge lines and reveals that
there are many features within the model that interfere with mesh quality. This is
very often the case in geometric models imported from CAD. Topology refinement is
used to fix those areas to improve the quality of the generated mesh.
Step 3: Topology Refinement

The goal of topology refinement is to manipulate the geometry to remove or alter
geometric features that cause poor element quality. HyperMesh has many tools,
both automatic and manual, to assist in this process.
1. Enter the Geometry > Autocleanup panel.
2. From the Autocleanup panel select the edit parameters button.
50 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

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3. Enter 5 for the Target element size.

4. Leave the Geometry cleanup option checked and deselect all other options.
5. Click OK.
6. Select the edit criteria button and check Advanced Criteria Table option.
7. Enter 5 for the Target element size, 3 for the Min Size > Good and 6 for the Max
Size > Good.
8. Click OK.
9. Select all the surfaces and click autocleanup.
HyperMesh has suppressed edges that it felt would not allow elements that met the
criteria to be created.
10. Review the part again having a look at the new mesh that was remeshed
automatically during the topology modification due to the Meshing Options already
defined (Preferences > Meshing Options > topology revision: > advanced
remesh).
You will see that the quality of the mesh has improved drastically.

There are still some issues with the mesh though.

11. Using the Mesh > Quick edit (F11) panel improve the quality of the mesh using the
following functions:
• toggle edge
• adjust/set density
• add/remove point
• split surf-node; split surf-line;
Step 4: Interactive 2D Meshing

While automatic meshing is fast and the overall mesh quality is good, HyperMesh
allows the user to interactively manipulate a preview mesh, controlling various
settings before the mesh is finalized.
1. Delete created displayed elements and click the Mesh > Create > 2D AutoMesh
(F12) panel.
2. Change the toggle from automatic to interactive.

3. Select the surfaces in the Standard collector.
4. Click on mesh to create 2D shell elements.
HyperMesh now enters in a secondary panel.

The green mesh that is shown is only a preview mesh and to see how changes
affect it click the green mesh button. The mesh will not be finalized until the return
button is clicked.
5. From this screen try the following functions and see the effect they have on the
mesh. After each interactive change, click on mesh to update your green mesh to
see effects.
• Adjust the edge densities.
• Recalculate the entire model to have a 6 mm element size.
• Change the mesh style so that the element type is all trias and then all R-Trias.
• Alter the biasing on edges and determine the difference between linear,
exponential and bell curve biasing.
• Recalculate the mesh to have 5 mm quad elements on all surfaces.
6. Click on return to save the mesh.
Step 5: Model Organization

As this exercise will demonstrate the differences between meshing options, multiple
components will be necessary to separate the various meshes.
1. Create two new components called AlignOnly and AlignAndSize and make them
distinct colors.
2. Organize a copy of all the surfaces into both collectors.

Step 6: Meshing Options

There are a few options in the 2D AutoMesh panel which can have a profound
effect on the mesh created. This section will explore these options.
1. Make the AlignOnly collector current and the only collector visible.
2. From the 2D AutoMesh panel, size and bias sub panel, next to flow select the
align option. Leave the two size boxes un-selected.
3. Select the surfaces in the AlignOnly collector and click on mesh.
4. Make the AlignAndSize collector current and the only collector visible.
5. From the 2D AutoMesh panel, size and bias sub panel, next to flow select the
align and size options.

6. Select the surfaces in the AlignAndSize collector and click on mesh.
7. Utilizing the isolate function in the Model Browser to see the results of the different
meshing options.
Note that the non-aligned standard mesh tends to be more orthogonal following the
direction of the cardinal axis. The Align option allows the mesh to flow with the
contours of the part and the addition of the size option controls the size of the
elements more and results in less trias.
Step 7: Edge and Surface Deviation

1. Create 2 more component collectors called EdgeDev and SurfDev and make them
distinct colors.
2. Organize a copy of all the surfaces into both collectors.
3. Make Current the EdgeDev collector and the only collector visible.
4. In the the 2D AutoMesh panel, select the edge deviation subpanel.

5. Set the values as follows:
6. Mesh the part and if in interactive mode, finalize the mesh.

Note how the mesh size varies depending on surfaces curvature. At rounded edges
and around holes the mesh size drops down to the minimum element size to capture
the curvature. Areas of no curvature are meshed at the largest element size.
7. Make Current the SurfDev collector and the only collector visible.
8. Select the surface deviation sub panel.
9. Set the values as follows:
10. Mesh the part. Note how now the mesh size is dependent on and varies with the
curvature of the surfaces. Fillets between and areas of high surface curvature are
captured with smaller elements but large flat areas are of a higher element size.

11. Experiment in these two sub panels and determine how the interactive mesh
controls can be used to enhance the feature capturing abilities of these meshing
styles.

Exercise 3b - Refining Topology to Achieve a Quality Mesh
Step 1: Open the model file: …\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\

03b-2D-MESH-EDIT-CHECK.hm.
The model for this exercise is 03b-2D-MESH-EDIT-CHECK.hm. Take a few moments to
observe the model using the different visual options available in HyperMesh (rotation,
zoom, etc.).
Step 2: Create a preliminary mesh.

1. From the menu bar, click Mesh > Create > 2D AutoMesh to open the Automesh
panel.
2. Set the selector type to surfs.
3. Go to the size and bias sub-panel.
4. In the element size = field, type 2.5.
5. Set mesh type: as mixed.
6. Switch the meshing mode from interactive to automatic.
7. Click surfs >> displayed.
8. Deactivate the flow: > align and size options.
9. Click mesh to mesh the surfaces.

Initial mesh on the defeatured clip model
Step 3: Review the mesh quality.

1. Take a minute to rotate, zoom, and pan the model to review the mesh that was
created. Note the locations where the mesh was not created in rows and columns of
quads.
2. From the menu bar, select Mesh > Check > Elements > Check Elements to open
the Check Elements panel.
3. Go to the 2-d sub-panel.
4. In the length < field, type 1.
5. Click the length< button to evaluate the minimum length.

6. Note the elements that failed the check on the screen. The topology will be edited to
correct some of these, leave the rest as is.
7. Click return to exit the panel.
Step 4: Remove short edges by combining fixed points.

1. From the menu bar, click Geometry > Quick Edit > replace point: to open the
panel.
2. Verify that the active selector is set to point(s).
3. Select the lower fixed point as indicated in the following image (point to move).
4. Once the point is selected, activate the retain button.
5. Select the upper fixed point as indicated in the following image (point to retain).
6. Once the second point is selected, it will be replaced automatically.
Selecting fixed points to be combined

Step 5: Remove the fixed point interior to all surfaces.

You should still be in the Quick Edit panel.
1. Go to add/remove point:
2. Select the four fixed points as shown in the following image by clicking right mouse
button on the point.
Each fixed point will be deleted as you select it.
These fixed points are left over from a defeaturing operation where small holes
(pinholes) were removed. They could remain without greatly sacrificing the element
quality, given the element size used for the mesh, but the mesh should be better
without them.
3. Click return to exit the panel.

Step 6: Add edges to the surfaces to control the mesh pattern.

1. Go to split surf-line:
2. Zoom into the area indicated below and select the indicated fixed point as node.
3. With the active selector now on line, select the line shown in the following image.
Once both the point and line are selected, an edge will be created from the location
of the fixed point perpendicular to the line and the mesh will be modified accordingly.

4. Repeat sub-steps 2 and 3 for the following point and line.

Step 7: Edit surfaces edges to control the mesh pattern.

1. Go to split surf-line.
2. Zoom into the area indicated below and select the indicated fixed point as node and
the indicated edge as line.
3. Select the indicated fixed point as node.
4. With the active selector now on lines, select the edges shown in the following image
(4 edges included in the rectangle).

Once both the point and line are selected, an edge will be created from the location
of the fixed point perpendicular to the line, same for the other lines.
Step 8: Suppress shared edges causing a small edge.

1. Go to toggle edge:
2. Select each of the lines in the image below using your left mouse button and click
line(s).
Each line will become suppressed (blue) as you click line(s).
3. The mesh will be modified based on topology revision.

Step 9: Review the mesh quality.

1. Take a minute to rotate, zoom, and pan the model to review the mesh that was
created. Note that the mesh now consists completely of rows and columns of quads.
2. Enter the Mesh> Check > Elements > Check Elements panel.
3. Go to the 2-d sub-panel
4. In the length < field, type 1.
5. Click the length button to evaluate the minimum length.
Note the elements that failed the check. There are only two elements that fail the
check, and these fail the check because of the shape of the part. However, they are
not too small compared to the global element size, so you can leave them as they
are.
6. Access the Mesh > Create > 2D Automesh panel.

7. Go to the QI optimize sub-panel.
8. Verify that elem size = is set to 2.5, the switch is set to QI optimize and the mesh
type is set to mixed.
9. Click edit criteria.

10. In the Target element size field, type 2.500.
11. Click Apply and OK.

12. Select surfs >> displayed to select all displayed surfaces.
13. Click mesh.
Note that the old mesh is replaced by the new mesh.
TIP: If there is a message saying, "There is a conflict between the user requested
element size and quality criteria ideal element size," click the button, Recompute
quality criteria using size of 2.5.
14. Access the Quality Index panel by clicking Mesh > Check > Elements > Quality
Index.
15. Go to page1 and verify that the comp. QI is 0.00.
This value indicates that the mesh is good quality. The higher the number, the lower
the mesh quality.

Step 11 (Optional): Save your work.

The part is now meshed and ready to be set up for an analysis. Save the model, if
desired.

Exercise 3c - Checking and Editing Mesh
In this exercise, you will learn how to:

• Identify shell element connectivity problems
• Correct shell element connectivity problems
• Review the model’s shell elements to ensure connectivity problems were
corrected
• Remesh the elements along the rib
Exercise
This exercise uses the model file, 03c-2D-MESH-IMPRINT-EXTEND.hm.
Step 1: Retrieve and view the HyperMesh model file.

Open the file …\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\
03c-2D-MESH-IMPRINT-EXTEND.hm
Step 2: Review the model’s free edges to identify shell element

connectivity problems.
1. Access the Edges panel in the following ways:
• From the menu bar, select Mesh > Check > Components > Edges.
• From the Checks toolbar, select the Edges icon ( ).
• Press Shift+F3 keys.

2. With the comps selector active, click any element in the graphics area.
The component containing the element is selected.
3. Click find edges.
Red, 1-D elements are displayed. They are organized into the new component
named ^edges. A red 1-D element is created along each shell element edge that is
free; one or more of the element edge’s nodes is not shared by the adjacent
elements.
Note: For a component name whose first character is ^, the component and its
contents is not written to the input file when the model is exported.
4. Click Shaded Elements and Mesh Lines ( ).

5. Observe the red, 1-D elements (free edges).
6. Try to identify gaps in the continuity of the mesh.
TIP: Look closely at free edges interior to the model.
7. In the Model Browser, turn the display off for the component shells to continue to
identify which red, free edges do not belong.

8. Turn on the display for the component, shells.
Step 3: Solve the shell element connectivity issues using the Edges panel.
1. In the tolerance = field, type 0.01.
2. Select an element in the graphics area to select the component.
3. Click preview equiv.
The message bar displays the following message: "81 nodes were found."
A sphere, , is created on nodes having a distance between each other equal to or

less than the specified tolerance.
4. Notice that for this exercise’s model, a sphere is not created on every node along all
of the red, free edges, which do not belong. A larger tolerance must be specified to
identify the rest of the nodes.
5. For tolerance =, increase its value until all 96 nodes are identified as shown in the
following image (Hint: 0.100).
Be careful not to increase too much the tolerance value. Although the 96 nodes will
be identified, an excessively large tolerance value may collapse elements when the
identified nodes are equivalenced. To find out the maximum value that can be safely
used for tolerance without collapsing the elements, press the F10 key to go to the
check elems panel, go to 2-d subpanel and click length. The message bar will
display ‘… The min length is 1.49.’ A tolerance value < 1.49 can safely be used,
without causing any elements to collapse when identified nodes are equivalenced.
Click return to go back to Edges panel.

The nodes identified with preview equivalence
6. Click equivalence.
The 96 coincident nodes are equivalenced.
7. Rotate and observe the model to see that the mesh still looks as it should be and no
elements are collapsed.
8. Click delete edges.
The red, free edges and their component, ^edges, are deleted.
Note: Remain in the Edges panel.
Step 4: Review the model’s free edges again to confirm that all of the shell
element connectivity problems have been corrected.
1. Click find edges.
Observe the red, 1-D elements (free edges).
Are there any red, free edges that should not belong if the mesh was continuous or if
all of the elements were connected?
Tip: Only red, free edges should exist on the perimeter of the part and on periphery
of internal holes.
2. Use the Model Browser to turn the display off for the component shells, to observe
that all of the free, red edges belong.
3. After verifying that the model has correct red, free edges, click delete edges.

Red, free edges that belong
Step 5: Display the element normals and adjust them to point in the same
direction.
1. Go to the Normals panel. The Normals panel can be accessed in the following
ways:
• From the menu bar, select Mesh > Check > Elements > Normals
• From the Checks toolbar, select the Normals icon ( )

• Press the Shift+F10 keys
2. Choose the elements subpanel and set toggle to vector display.

3. With the comps selector active, select one element from the graphics area to select
the component.
4. Click display.
Arrows (vectors) are drawn from the element centroids and show the direction of the
element normals.
Notice the arrows do not all point from the same side of the part. For some analysis,
the element normals should point the same side.

5. Click size = and enter the size which the normal should be in model units and select
display again.
When size = is set to 0, the vector will be 10% of the screen.
6. Toggle vector display to color display.
7. Click display.
The element normals are displayed using colors. The red side of the elements is the
positive normal direction, while the blue side is the negative normal direction.
8. Notice each side of the part shows red and blue.

9. Click the orientation: elem selector to make it active.

10. Select an element from the graphics area.
11. Click adjust.

All elements on either side of the part are the same color, red or blue.
The message bar displays the following message: "[X] elements have been
adjusted."
If after adjusting the normals, there are still elements on one side of the part which
are of different color, change to elems from comps for the entity selector, choose
these elements and click reverse.

12. Click return.
Step 6: Review the quality of the elements using the check elems panel.
1. Access the check elems panel in one of the following ways:
• From the menu bar, select Mesh > Check > Elements > Check Elements
• From the Checks toolbar, select the Check Elements icon ( )

• Press the F10 key
2. Go to the 2-d subpanel.
3. Verify that jacobian < field is set to 0.7.
4. Click jacobian to determine if any elements have a jacobian of less than 0.7.
Elements having a jacobian of less than 0.7 are highlighted.
5. Notice that several elements on the triangular rib and around the smaller of the two
holes have a jacobian of less than 0.7.
The message bar displays a message indicating how many elements failed this
check.
6. In the graphics area, click an element.
A window appears that lists each quality check result for the element.
7. Click the right or left mouse button to close the pop-up window.
8. On the right side of the panel, switch from standard to assign plot.
9. Click jacobian to review again.
A legend for jacobian values appears and each element is colored accordingly. The
red elements have a jacobian less than the threshold 0.7.
10. Verify that quads: min angle < is set to 45.

11. Click min angle to determine if any quad elements have an angle of less than 45.
12. Notice that a couple of elements on the rib have an angle of less than 45.
13. Verify that the max angle > field is set to 135.
14. Click max angle to determine if any quad elements have an angle greater than 135.
15. Notice that several elements on the rib have an angle greater than 135.
16. Click return.
Step 7: Remesh the elements on the rib using the automesh panel.
1. Access the Automesh panel in one of the following ways:
• From the menu bar, select Mesh > Create > 2D AutoMesh
• Press the F12 key
2. Verify that you are in the size and bias subpanel.
3. Switch the entity selector to elems.
4. Toggle to interactive.
5. For element size=, type 3.5.
6. Select one rib element from the graphics area.
7. Select one element on the plane of elements perpendicular to the rib and in the
same plane as the rib’s shortest edge as shown in the following image.
Example of elements to select
8. Select elems >> by face to complete the selection of elements as shown in the
following image.

Elements selected using by face
9. Click mesh.
The meshing module appears.
10. In the density subpanel, change the element density on the rib’s edge to 9.
11. Change the element density on the rib’s shortest edge to 5.

Adjusting element edge densities
12. Keep all other element edge densities the same.

13. Access the mesh style subpanel.
14. Under mesh method, set the last option to free (unmapped).
15. Under mesh method, select set all.
16. Click mesh to preview the mesh.

17. Go to the checks subpanel, and check the jacobian, quads: min angle, and
quads: max angle.
18. Notice that no elements fail the minimum and maximum angle checks.
Only a couple of elements have a jacobian of less than 0.7. The smallest jacobian is
0.68, which can still be considered good quality.
19. Click return to accept the mesh and go back to the main menu.
Step 8: Use the smooth panel to adjust the node placement on the
rectangular plane of remeshed elements.
1. Click Mesh > Cleanup Elements > Smooth to open the Smooth panel.
2. Go to the plates subpanel.

3. Make sure to set the smooth: elems selector active, select an element on the
rectangular plane of re-meshed elements.
4. Select elems >> by face.

5. For iterations = specify 10.

6. Switch the smoothing algorithm from autodecide to shape corrected.
7. Click smooth.
8. Click return.
Step 9: Remove tria elements from another area of the model using the
edit element panel, split and combine subpanels.
1. Press the F6 key or from menu bar, Mesh > Create > 2D Elements > Element.
2. Go to the split subpanel.
3. Make sure to set the splitting line: points selector active, click four screen points
as shown the following image.
Temporary line segments are drawn to connect the points.

4. You can right-click to undo the last line segment drawn or you can click delete line
to start over with selecting points.
5. Click split.
Elements that have the line pass through them are split. The resulting mesh should
look like the mesh in the following image. There are two pairs of adjacent tria
elements.
6. Go to the combine subpanel and set the toggle to combine to quad.
7. Select two adjacent tria elements as indicated in the following image.

8. Click combine.
9. Repeat sub-step 7 and 8 for the other two adjacent tria elements.
10. Remain in the edit element subpanel.
Trias to select Combining trias into quads
Step 10: Modify washer radius and optimize element quality by using
Cleanup tools.
1. From the 2D page, click qualityindex or from menu bar, Mesh > Check > Elements
> Quality Index.
2. Click cleanup tools.
3. Click modify hole and washers.
4. Clear the edit checkbox.

5. Select a node on the washer as indicated in the following image. The radius field
displays a value of 5.98.
6. Select the edit check box.

7. In the radius field, enter 7.
8. Select the link washers checkbox.
9. Select the remesh number of layers checkbox, and then enter 3 in the editable
field.
10. Select a node on the washer as indicated in the previous image. HyperMesh
changes the washer's radius to 7.
Note: Because you selected the link washers checkbox, the hole's radius will
change accordingly (approx. 4.68). Due to the change in the hole's and washer's
dimensions, elements around the washer will be distorted and will fail in quality. You
can correct all of the failed elements in the model using the node optimize and
element optimize cleanup tools.
11. Click node optimize.

12. Select a few nodes on the elements that you modified in step 9. When you select a
node, HyperMesh repositions it so that the elements attached to the node will have the
best possible quality based on the criteria specified in the Quality Index panel.
13. Click element optimize.
14. Select the red and yellow elements in the model. When you select an element,
HyperMesh adjusts it to have the best quality possible based on the criteria specified in
the Quality Index panel.
Note: If you select a red element, it may turn yellow or it may no longer have a color
assigned. If you select a yellow element, it may no longer have a color assigned.
15. Click drag tria element.

Note: Use the drag tria element tool to drag a tria element toward a different location in
the model, or out of the model completely.
16. Left-click on a tria element and drag it toward the bottom edge of the model until it is
out of the model completely. HyperMesh highlights the selected tria element in pink.
17. Click return.
Step 11: Add a ring of radial elements around the smaller of the two holes.
1. Click the Utility tab. If the Utility menu is not displayed in the HyperMesh session,
from menu bar, click View > Browsers > Hypermesh > Utility.
2. On the Geom/Mesh page, click Add Washer.
3. The Add Washer along a Circular Holes dialog box will be opened.
4. With the nodes selector active, select one node on the edge of the smaller hole as
indicated in the following image.

Example node to select
5. Click proceed.
A pop-up window for Add Washer along Circular Holes utility appears.
6. Toggle to Width, and for Value specify 3.0.
7. Select the Minimum number of nodes around the hole check box.
8. In the Density: field, enter 12.

9. Click Add.
10. Click Close.
The mesh around the hole should look like the mesh in the following image.
Step 12: Imprint Mesh to different destinations.

1. Open Model Browser and select IMPRINT1 component, right-click mouse button on
it and select Show.
2. Go to Mesh > Edit > Elements > Imprint subpanel.
The imprint subpanel allows you to cause mesh from different, overlapping
components to sync or line up with each other, in order to facilitate better connection
modeling between them.
3. Select component IMPRINT1 as source, select component shells as destination
and select destination for remain: option.
This tool takes existing elements and/or components and can be imprinted into
elements and/or components, changing direction and destination.
Original: Violet elements are offset from yellow.

4. Select create.
Violet source elements are imprinted in destination (yellow).
5. Select reject.
6. Select component IMPRINT1 as source, select component shells as destination,
select destination for remain: option and make sure to flag option elems to
destination comp.
7. Select create.
Violet source elements are imprinted in destination (yellow), element organized into yellow component.
8. Select reject.
9. Select component IMPRINT1 as source, select component shells as destination,
select source for remain: option and make sure to flag option elems to destination
comp.
10. Select create.

Yellow destination elements are imprinted to Violet elements, element organized into yellow component.
11. Select reject and return.
Step 13: Extend Mesh to different destinations.

1. Open Model Browser, select IMPRINT1 component, right-click on it and select
Hide.
Select EXTEND component, right-click mouse button on it and select Show.
2. Go to Mesh > Edit > Elements > Extend subpanel.
The extend subpanel allows you to create smoothly-meshed connections between
different components that do not quite touch but are meant to. Mesh can be
imprinted such that both components are remeshed to match, or the source comp is
remeshed to match the destination comp, or vice-versa. In addition, you can actually
merge the elements of the source component into the destination component
altogether.
3. Select nodes by windows (see red rectangular area in the following picture) from
EXTEND component (source), select component shells as destination and select
along vector for projection: option (select N1 and N2 as shown in the following
picture, red circular area) to define direction.

4. Select create.
The resulted mesh, as shown in the following picture, connects the 2 parts with just 1
element along the projection, the remesh extension option is deactivated.
5. Select reject.
6. Repeat sub-step 3 and 4 with the same options and selections, just make sure to
flag on remesh extension option.
The resulted mesh, as shown in the following picture, connects the 2 parts with
remeshed elements along the projection, the remesh extension option is activated.

With this exercise completed, you can save the model if desired.

Exercise 3d – Mesh component using feature-based mesh

controls

• Create regions using feature selection
• Import mesh controls and assign them to predefined regions
• Mesh the model using mesh controls applied
Exercise
This exercise uses the model file Feature_Based_Mesh.hm.
Step 1: Retrieve and view the HyperMesh model file.

Open the file …\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\
Feature_Based_Mesh.hm
Step 2: Import mesh settings.

1. Access the Mesh Controls browser from the menu bar, select Mesh > Mesh
Controls.
2. Right-click mouse button on Mesh Control, click on Import.

3. Select and open Feature_Based_Mesh.xml file in the same model folder.

HyperMesh will load all the meshing parameters saved on this file.
Step 3: Create regions using features selection.

1. Right-click mouse button on Region > Create > From feature Selection. It will open
a new dialog box.
2. In the “Region from Feature Selection” windows, select the Circles sub-menu
3. Set the min and max Radius respectively to 1.0 and 10.0 and switch the selection
from Lines to Surface.

4. Click on Surfaces and select in the graphic area the upper surface as shown
below:
5. In the panel menu click on proceed; HyperMesh will show all circles found with
radius specified before.
6. Circles selection has done, in the Region Name field, you’ll find Circle1 named by
default, click on Create to define this region.

7. Create other two Regions for cylinders. Select the Cylinders submenu.
8. Set the min and max Radius respectively to 1.0 and 10.0
9. Double-click left mouse button on Surfaces, in the menu panels will appear surfaces
selection button: click on yellow field and select all and click on proceed.
10. Cylinders selection has done, in the Region Name field, you’ll find Cylinder1 named
by default, click on Create to define this region.
11. Repeat the sub-steps 8 to 10 to create a new cylinder region named Cylinder2; set
min radius 25.0 and max radius 100.0.

12. Click Close.

13. Region collector should contain 3 Regions.
Step 4: Assign regions to the imported mesh settings

1. In the Mesh Controls browser click on Feature > Washer_Mesh. The EE will show
all mesh settings of this mesh control. Click on Entity Selection > Entities > 0
Lines field. Switch the selection from Lines to Regions, click on Region to select
Circle1 region created before.

2. Repeat previous sub-step to assign each region to its mesh controls, following the
associations below:
Cylinder_Refine → Cylinder1
meshcontrol4 → Cylinder2
3. All surface meshing settings are updated. Select Volume Mesh > Model >
meshcontrol1, previously imported in order to assign the component to the volume
mesh control. In the EE, Entity Selection > Entities > 0 Components field, select
the *SOL1 component in the select component window.
4. Click OK and volume mesh settings are updated.
Step 5: Create 2D and 3D mesh using mesh settings

1. In the browser, select Surface Mesh > Feature. Right-click mouse button on
Feature, select Mesh to create the surface mesh. In the panel’s menu click on
yellow field named surfaces and select displayed. Click on proceed. The 2D mesh
has been created.

2. Once the process is complete, select Volume Mesh, Right-click mouse button on
Volume Mesh and select Mesh to create the 3D mesh. The 3D mesh has been
created.


Exercise 3e – Midmesh: Create and Edit

• Create Midmesh
• Edit Midmesh with Edge and Face edit tools
• Quality and flow-based remeshing of shell meshes with 1D topologies with
Rebuild Mesh
• Creates properties or assigns nodal thicknesses/offsets, using the original input
geometry as a guide with Map thickness
• Comparison: compares the original solid with the midmesh, using the thickness
and offset values, to report how well the mesh matches the geometry.
• BatchMesher (Optional)
Exercise
This exercise uses the model file Plastic.hm.
Step 1: Load the HyperMesh model file.

1. Open the file …\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\Plastic.hm
Step 2: Create Midmesh.
1. Access to the Midmesh tool from , select Create > Midmesh > Create.

2. Select the component, in destination comp select midmesh# and element

size is 2.
3. Click create.
Step 3: Edit Midmesh with Edit edge: Create a mid-edge.

1. In Model Browser select Views > View_step3, right-click and click on show
2. Click on edit edge subpanel
3. In split by two nodes select node to node, select two nodes (1a-1b and 2a-2b)
on midmesh, as shown in figure, and click on create.

4. Select edit face subpanel, click on delete, select all elements between the 2 edges
shown in the picture and click delete entity.
5. Select edit edge subpanel. In create mid edge select node to node, select two
nodes on midmesh, as shown in figure, and click on create.

6. Click on edit face subpanel. In fill face enter in select loop field, select the new
line and the other lines which enclose the area and click on fill.

Step 4: Edit Midmesh with Edit edge: T-edge align.
1. In Model Browser select Views > View_step4, right-click and click show.
2. Click on edit edge subpanel. In T-edge align select edge and surfs, select the line
of the midmesh and the surface of the original geometry, as shown in figure.
3. Repeat step 2 to edit the other lines indicated in figure.

Step 5: Edit Midmesh with Edit edge: By geom edge align.

2. Click on delete edge, select the edge and click on delete.
3. In by geom edge align select node path and line path.
4. Select the nodes (highlighted) on midmesh and select the line of the geometry as
shown in the picture below.
5. Click on align.

6. Repeat from step 2 to step 5 to edit the other areas indicated in figure.

Step 6: Edit Midmesh with Edit face.

3. Select edit face, in repair face select elems by face, select the elements, as
shown in figure and click on repair.

Step 7: Rebuild mesh.

1. Select rebuild mesh… subpanel.

2. Select all elements.

3. Click on edit criteria and open
…\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\crash_5mm.criteria file, then click on
Apply.
4. Click on edit parameters and open
…\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\crash_5mm.param file, then click on
Apply.
5. Click on rebuild.

Step 8: Map thickness.

1. Select thickness map… subpanel, setting options as shown in the picture
below
2. Select the original geometry as solid.

4. Select Element coloring by thickness and 3D element representation.
5. Click on calculate thickness.

Step 9: Comparison.
In the Generate tab, define the following options, which will be used to generate the
comparison results. Specify the tolerance to use for comparing entities, in model units.
From the Result type list, specify the level of detail for the results by selecting Basic,
Full, or Detailed.
1. Select comparison… subpanel, setting options as shown in the picture below

2. Select all the displayed surfaces.
3. Select all the displayed elements.
4. Enter 0.02 for Tolerance.
5. Select Detailed for Result type.
6. Click on Run.
7. The Review tab is enabled once comparison results are available. In this tab, you
can control the comparison review mechanism options.

8. The Results tab is enabled once comparison results are available. In this tab, you
and review the area-based qualitative results for the comparison. The area, as a
percentage, for the source and target entities of each match type is reported in the
Source area% and Target area% fields

9. The Sets tab is enabled once comparison results are available. In this tab, you
can create entity sets from the generated comparison results.
Step 10 (Optional): Batchmesher.

You could repeat the rebuild operation using the batchmesher
Step 11 (Optional): Edit elements.

To edit the other elements, use the check element to view the elements which do
not respect the criteria, like warpage, and then use the midmesh panel to edit the
elements with edit element.


Exercise 3f - Midmesh: Edit

• Edit Midmesh with Edge and Face edit tools
• Quality and flow-based remeshing of shell meshes with 1D topologies with
Rebuild Mesh
• Creates properties or assigns nodal thicknesses/offsets, using the original input
geometry as a guide with Map thickness
• Comparison: compares the original solid with the midmesh, using the thickness
and offset values, to report how well the mesh matches the geometry.
Exercise
This exercise uses the model file Plastic-edit.hm. the model contains the automatic
midmesh.
Step 1: Load the HyperMesh model file.

1. Open the file …\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\Plastic_edit.hm
Step 2: Edit Midmesh with Edit edge: Create a mid-edge.

1. In Model Browser select Views > View_step2, right-click and click on show.
2. Access to the Midmesh tool from , select Create > Midmesh > edit edge
subpanel.
3. In create mid edge select node to node, select two nodes on midmesh, as shown in
figure, and click on create

4. Click on edit face subpanel. In fill face click on select loop, select the new line
and click on fill.

Step 3: Edit Midmesh with Edit edge: T-edge align.

2. Click on edit edge subpanel. In T-edge align select edge and surfs, select the line
of the midmesh and the surface of the original geometry, as shown in figure
3. Repeat step 2 to edit the other lines indicated in figure.

Step 4: Edit Midmesh with Edit edge: By geom edge align.

3. In by geom edge align select node path and line path.

4. Select the nodes (highlighted) on midmesh and select the line of the geometry as
shown in the picture below.
5. Click on align.

6. Repeat from step 2 to step 5 to edit the other areas indicated in the following
figures. To edit these areas, use edit edge and edit face subpanel, in particular use
delete edge, create mid edge, fill face and geom edge align.
Step 5: Edit Midmesh with Edit face.


3. Select edit face subpanel, in repair face select elems by face, select the
elements, as shown in figure and click on repair.
4. Repeat the steps 2 and 3 to edit the other areas indicated in figure.

Step 6: Rebuild mesh.

1. Select rebuild mesh… subpanel.
2. Select all elements

3. Click on edit criteria and open
…\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\crash_5mm.criteria file, then click on
Apply.
4. Click on edit parameters and open
…\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\ crash_5mm.param file, then click on
Apply.
5. Click on rebuild.

Step 7: Map thickness.

1. Select thickness map… subpanel, setting options as shown in the picture below
2. Select the original geometry as solid.

4. Select Element coloring by thickness and 3D element representation.

5. Click on calculate thickness.
Step 8: Comparison.
In the Generate tab, define the following options, which will be used to generate the
comparison results. Specify the tolerance to use for comparing entities, in model units.
From the Result type list, specify the level of detail for the results by selecting Basic, Full,
or Detailed.
1. Select comparison… subpanel, setting options as shown in the picture below

2. Select all the displayed surfaces.
3. Select all the displayed elements.
4. Enter 0.02 for Tolerance.
5. Select Detailed for Result type.
6. Click on Run.

7. The Review tab is enabled once comparison results are available. In this tab, you
can control the comparison review mechanism options.
8. The Results tab is enabled once comparison results are available. In this tab, you and
review the area-based qualitative results for the comparison. The area, as a percentage,
for the source and target entities of each match type is reported in the Source area%
and Target area% fields

Step 9 (Optional): Edit elements.

To edit the other elements, use the check element to view the elements which do not
respect the parameters, like warpage, and then use the midmesh panel to edit the
elements with edit element.


Exercise 3g: Fuse - Connecting open shell mesh components
Step 1: Load the model Open_Shell_Fusing_Exercise.hm.

Select the airduct_cfd.hm file from ..\STUDENT-EXERCISE\Ch5\
Open_Shell_Fusing_Exercise.hm
Step 2: Review the pairs and identify maximum proximity distance to use
1. Press F4 to go to measure panel
2. Select 2 nodes to measure distance between them.
Step 3: Fuse / connect close proximity pairs

1. Enter the Fuse tool by going to Mesh > Fuse
2. Select Source entities > components

3. Select Target entities > components
4. Select “Open shell fusing” option.
5. Define parameters as shown in following image

6. Click on “Fuse”
7. Click on “Reject” to undo fuse actions and try other parameters.

Exercise 3h: Fuse - Connecting close shell mesh components
Step 1: Load the model Closed_Shell_Fusing_Exercise.hm.

Select the airduct_cfd.hm file from ..\STUDENT-EXERCISE\Ch5\
Closed_Shell_Fusing_Exercise.hm
Step 2: Review the pairs and identify maximum proximity distance to use
1. Press F4 to go to measure panel
2. Select 2 nodes to measure distance between them.
Step 3: Fuse / connect close proximity pairs

1. Enter the Fuse tool by going to Mesh > Fuse
2. Select Source entities > components (culata1_mir)

3. Select Target entities > components (blockv8)
4. Select “Close shell fusing” option.
5. Define parameters as shown in following image

1. Click on “Fuse”
2. Click on “Reject” to undo fuse actions and try other parameters.


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Chapter 3: 2D Meshing

Step 1: Load the model: …\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\

Step 2: Automatic 2D Meshing

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 49

Step 3: Topology Refinement

50 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

3. Enter 5 for the Target element size.

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 51

There are still some issues with the mesh though.

Step 4: Interactive 2D Meshing

2. Change the toggle from automatic to interactive.

52 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

Step 5: Model Organization

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 53

Step 6: Meshing Options

3. Select the surfaces in the AlignOnly collector and click on mesh.

54 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

6. Select the surfaces in the AlignAndSize collector and click on mesh.

Step 7: Edge and Surface Deviation

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 55

5. Set the values as follows:

6. Mesh the part and if in interactive mode, finalize the mesh.

9. Set the values as follows:

56 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 57

Exercise 3b - Refining Topology to Achieve a Quality Mesh

Step 1: Open the model file: …\STUDENT-EXERCISE\CH3-2D-MESHING\

Step 2: Create a preliminary mesh.

9. Click mesh to mesh the surfaces.

58 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

Initial mesh on the defeatured clip model

Step 3: Review the mesh quality.

5. Click the length< button to evaluate the minimum length.

Step 4: Remove short edges by combining fixed points.

6. Once the second point is selected, it will be replaced automatically.

Selecting fixed points to be combined

60 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

Step 5: Remove the fixed point interior to all surfaces.

3. Click return to exit the panel.

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 61

Step 6: Add edges to the surfaces to control the mesh pattern.

62 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

4. Repeat sub-steps 2 and 3 for the following point and line.

5. Repeat sub-steps 2 and 3 for the following point and line.

6. Repeat sub-steps 2 and 3 for the following point and line.

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 63

Step 7: Edit surfaces edges to control the mesh pattern.

3. Select the indicated fixed point as node.

64 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

Step 8: Suppress shared edges causing a small edge.

3. The mesh will be modified based on topology revision.

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 65

Step 9: Review the mesh quality.

6. Access the Mesh > Create > 2D Automesh panel.

9. Click edit criteria.

66 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

10. In the Target element size field, type 2.500.

11. Click Apply and OK.

HyperWorks 2017.2.3 HMD Introduction 67

Step 11 (Optional): Save your work.

68 HMD Introduction HyperWorks 2017.2.3

Exercise 3c - Checking and Editing Mesh