I.

Objectives
a. To build simple circuits.
b. To draw the corresponding circuits.
c. To test different materials and electrical components (resistance) for conductivity.

II. Materials
A. Simple Circuit
1pc layout plug-in board
1pc lamp holder
1pc type A bulb (2.5V/0.1A)
1pc type B bulb (12V/3W)
1pc red lead, 50cm
1pc mono-cell
1pc mono-cell holder
1pc SPST
3pcs jumper plugs

B. Conductors and Insulators

1pc layout plug-in board

3pcs jumpers plugs
1pc lamp holders
1pc toggle switch
1pc voltage source, 12V
1pc type B bulb (12V)
1pair plug in clamps
1pc lead, red 25cm
1pc lead, blue 25cm
1pc 47-ohms resistor
1pc 100-ohm resistor
1set test materials
 III. Data and Results

Table 4.1 Testing Materials for Conductivity

MATERIALS CONDUCTOR or INSULATOR
ALUMINUM CONDUCTOR
BRASS CONDUCTOR
WOOD INSULATOR
POLYSTYRENE (GRAY) INSULATOR
PERTINAX (BROWN) INSULATOR
COPPER CONDUCTOR
TIN CONDUCTOR
PAPER INSULATOR

Table 4.2 Testing Resistances

RESISTOR OBSERVATION
47-OHM RESISTOR The light of the bulb was brighter
100-OHM RESISTOR The light of the bulb was dimmer

IV. Experiment Discussion

In this experiment my team and I tested different types of materials by setting up a simple circuit in the
layout plug-in board and is connected to a transformer for power source. After we’ve set up our simple
circuit, we clamped our different materials and if the bulb lights up, it implies that the material that were
used allows the flow of an electrical current and is a conductor, and if not, it implies that the material does
not allow the passage of heat or electrical current and is called an insulator. In the second part of the
experiment we set up another type of circuit in the plug-in board and in this part, we used a mono cell for
power supply. My team and I also have modified the circuit diagram in figure 4.2 to test the conductivity
of the plug-in resistors. We first plugged in the 47- ohm resistor to the circuit and the light of the bulb
seems normal, and when we changed it to a 100- ohm resistor the light became dimmer than its usual
brightness.
V. Answers to Questions

1. Compare the time it takes to fully charge the capacitor in trial 1 & 2.
Comparing trial 1 and trial 2, we can

2. Draw the circuit diagram for this part of the Experiment.

3. How many different ways can you combine the 3 components?

There are four ways to combine the 3 components.

4. Draw the circuit diagrams of the combination you observed.

5. Is there a difference in the intensity of the current if you change the order in which the
components are connected?
No, there is no difference in the intensity of the current.
6. What happened when the type A bulb was replaced with a type B bulb?
The bulb will not work because there is too much voltage.

7. What happened when the leads were replaced with jumper plugs?
The circuit will be simpler and the result will remain the same.

8. Draw the circuit diagram for figure 4.2

9. Does more or less current flow through the 100-ohm resistor, compared to the 47-ohm resistor?
Explain.
There is lesser current flow through the 100-ohm resistor, because it has more resistance than a
47-ohm resistor.

VI. Conclusion.
The experiment has taught us to build simple circuits and to define whether a material is
an insulator or conductor. We can change the flow of an electric current by plugging in a
resistor in the circuit. Resistor is an essential component of a physical circuit, it was built as a
solution for tesla’s alternating current so that electric currents that’s running through our
homes is safe.
In the experiment I have noticed that conductors are mostly made of metals, because
metals tend to have electrons in the outer layer of their atoms, meanwhile insulators are
essential too, because it protects us from the dangerous effects of electricity flowing through
conductors.
I can say that we have successfully run every procedure that was ask us to do. I now have
a deeper understanding about insulators, conductors, and resistors.