IPK COLLEGE

1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG

TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

CHAPTER 2
THEORY AND VALUE SYSTEMS

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 1
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

Theory of Social Morality

- Social Morality is a moral philosophy which
states: we live in a global – society with all of
us being connected, none of us live in
isolation.
- We have an effect on others, and others have
an effect on us.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 2
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

• Humans are globally linked into a large macro

society, and as such we are all interconnected,
every person on the planet.
• Social Morality is simply doing the right thing,
which we are already born knowing.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 3
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

Theory of Noble Principles

• This theory basically revolves around the
Three Noble Principles which believes that
there are three things that make all the
difference between your practice being merely
a way of bringing temporary relaxation, peace,
and bliss, or of becoming a powerful cause for
your enlightenment and the enlightenment of
others. Which are :
SUBJECT : Moral Education
(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 4
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

1.Good in the beginning

• At the start of each session of spiritual practice

(and as we begin each day) we can arouse a
motivation of "profound compassion."

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 5
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

• These reflections may awaken in you the

heartfelt wish to do everything possible to
benefit others, sharing all the positive power
and merit of your spiritual practice with them,
and committing to relieve their suffering and
bring them happiness in whatever ways you
can, through your actions, words, prayers or
thoughts.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 6
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

2. Good in the middle

• In the midst of our spiritual practice, and our daily
life, we learn to embody the presence of our true
nature.
• We resolve to integrate the inspiration of our
practice throughout the day, maintaining an open,
peaceful, and non-grasping attitude toward
ourselves and everything we encounter,
remembering all the while our compassionate
motivation.
SUBJECT : Moral Education
(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 7
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

3.Good in the end

• At the conclusion of our meditation and at the
end of each day we dedicate the merit--the
spiritual benefit and power our positive actions
generate--toward relieving the suffering of
others, bringing them happiness and peace, and
ultimately, toward their enlightenment.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 8
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

Theory of Theological ethics

• Means discourse about or study of gods or
divine things.
• In addition to the theory that theology is either
natural or revealed, the medieval period saw
the development of theology in a rhetorical
mode

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 9
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

Sources for theology

• Theories of theology are sometimes
distinguished by what they take to be the most
important sources for theology and the roles
those sources play.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 10
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

• The commonly cited sources are scriptures,

such as the Vedas, the Hebrew and Christian
Bibles, and the Qur'an; historical traditions as
expressed in creeds, commentarial texts, and
special teachings; experience, usually
contextualized, as in mysticism, popular piety,
and liberation movements for the poor or
marginalized.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 11
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

Theory of Deontology
• is an approach to Ethics that focuses on
the rightness or wrongness of actions
themselves, as opposed to the rightness or
wrongness of the consequences of those
actions or to the character and habits of the
actor.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 12
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

• Thus, to a Deontologist, whether a situation is

good or bad depends on whether the action that
brought it about was right or wrong. What
makes a choice "right" is its conformity with
a moral norm: Right takes priority over Good.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 13
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

Conclusion
• All of the ethical theories above have various
strengths and it is possible that more than one
of them is true (or at least accurate).
• Not all moral theories are necessarily
incompatible.

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 14
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa
 IPK COLLEGE
1664, JALAN KULIM, 14020 BUKIT MERTAJAM, PENANG
TEL : 012-5203212 / 0125113212 / 04-5512588
www.ipk.edu.my

Exercise :
- As an individual, which theory do you prefer
the most? Why?

SUBJECT : Moral Education

(MPU 2313)
Chapter 2 : Theory and Value Systems 15
PREPARED BY : Noor Sakinaa