DESIGN OF NAVIGATIONAL CANAL FOR NATIONAL

WATERWAY PROJECT

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

ABDUL KAPOOR.M 913314103001

GIRITHARAN.R 913314103008

MUTHUMARI.S 913314103302

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

VAIGAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MADURAI 625 122

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

NOVEMBER 2017

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 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “DESIGN OF NAVIGATIONAL

CANAL FOR NATIONAL WATERWAY PROJECT” is the bonafide
work of “ABDUL KAPOOR.M (913314103001), GIRITHARAN.R
(913314103008), MUTHUMARI.S (913314103302),” who carried out the
project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mr.V.MANIMARAN, M.E., Mr.J.IBRAHIM, M.E.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,

Vaigai College of Engineering, Vaigai College of Engineering,

Madurai 625 122. Madurai 625 122.

Submitted for B.E., Degree Viva-Voce held at Vaigai College of Engineering,

Madurai On______________.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our respected Principal

Dr.A. Pasumpon Pandian, M.E., Ph.D., and Vice Principal Mr.P Sugumaran,

M.E., for his valuable support and encouragement in technological upgrades of

Project.

We express our gratitude to Mr.V.MANIMARAN, M.E., Head of the

Department, Civil Engineering, Vaigai College of Engineering, for his guidance,

encouragement and support.

We also extend our gratitude to Mr.J.IBRAHIM, M.E., Assistant

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vaigai College of Engineering. And

for extended their full cooperation and guidance without their efforts this project

would not have been possible.

Finally we thank all the staff members of Department of Civil Engineering,

Vaigai College of Engineering. For their valuable supports throughout this project.

Special thanks to our non technical teaching staff they support us and helping

directly indirectly for completion of our course work.

Finally we take this opportunity to thank our parents for their moral support and
extend thanks to our friends and all well wishers

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 ABSTRACT

This project proposes to have National Waterways covering the entire nation
just like National highways. The Himalayan Waterways lie almost along the entire
country from west to east on the northern side. The Central and Southern
Waterways cover almost all the states in the centre and south up to kanyakumari.
The waterways provide very cheap and economical transporting system for various
goods like food grains, fertilizers, cement, sugar and Minerals. Since the waterway
runs at an even height of 500 metres and 250 metres above sea level, we will be
able to generate enormous power by utilizing the level difference.

The improvements recently proposed for canals of mean section, in which

the depth of water is not less than 10meter. Land acquisition is only 2% of the
irrigated land compared to other conventional projects, which requires 6 to 10%
land and thus reduces the displacement problem. As we have National highways all
over the country from Kashmir to Kanyakumari, we can have National Waterways
all over the country from Kashmir to Kanyakumari. As we have power grid we can
have water grid. Power can be tapped at any point of requirement form the power
grid. Similarly water entering the National Waterways can be tapped at any point
of requirement. After the completion of the project, there will be no dearth for
water in most part of the country either for irrigation or for drinking. We have
proposed this project for implementation at Madurai to Theni district The Need for
lining canals in alluvium has long been identified to conserve every bit of water for
more and more utilization

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE. DESCRIPTIONS PAGE

NO NO.
1 Suitable side slopes for channels built in various 18
types of materials (chow, 1959)
2 Indian standards for canal in cutting and 19
embankment Side slop
(Horizontal to Vertical m: 1)
3 Longitudinal slope 19
4 Maximum permissible velocities and n values for 22
different materials
5 Resistance to the flow 23
6 Manning Roughness Coefficients 24
7 Freeboard ratio 26
8 Free board as per Indian Standards 27
(IS 4745 - 1968) (IS 7112 - 1973)
9 Actually adopted free board for different ranges 28
of discharge in India
10 Radius of curves for lined canals 29
11 Geometric elements of best hydraulically efficient 31
section.
12 Design flow 37
13 Soils other than rock 45

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14 Maximum safe velocities for different soils 46
15 The values obtained by Kennedy for various 48
River systems in India
16 Lacey R value 50
17 Discharge VS B/D ratio 53
18 Discharge VS B/D ratio 54
19 C.W.P.C. Standard for canal in cutting and 55
embankment
20 Vent way by the drowning ratio 71
21 Moments of all forces 77

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG.NO DESCRIPTIONS PAGE NO.

1 Main canal 2
2 Branch canal 3
3 Cross-sections of a navigation canal 4
relevant for calculation of ship
resistance
4 Concrete lining 11
5 Lined canal 12
6 Cement concrete lining 12
7 Geopolymer canal lining 13
8 Design of berms 13
9 Graph Drawn Bank full discharge VS 20
Channel Slope
10 Graph Drawn Discharge Capacity in 27
(m3/s) Vs Height (m)
11 Example for the same are indicated 33
in the box
12 Lined canal 34
13 Canal piercing 34
14 Intake canal 35
15 Intake canal – view 35

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16 Lined canal design 39
17 Designed canal 40
18 Cross section of canal 40
19 Construction of embankment 60
20 Elevation and width of embankment 60
21 Construction of canal 64
22 Slope of canal alignment 64
23 Shutter 75,76
24 Abutments 79
25 Wing walls 80
26 Section of level wing and return 81

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 LIST OF SYMBOLS

SYMBOLS EXPLANATIONS
V Velocity of flow through the section
R Hydraulic mean depth
S Bed slope of the channel
n Coefficient of Rugosity
C Coefficient in Chazey’s formula
FB Freeboard in feet
y Depth of flow in feet
𝑉𝑜 Critical velocity
d depth of flow
Q discharge in cubic meters per second
F Silt factor
𝐶𝑑 Coefficient of discharge
A Area of vent in square meters
h difference in water elevations in meters,
𝐵𝑡 Clear throat width between abutments
D Depth of crest below upstream total line

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.

ABSTRACT IV

LIST OF TABLES V

LIST OF FIGURES VII

LIST OF SYMBOLS IX

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1
1.1. Canal
2
1.2. Types of canals

2
1.2.1. Main Canal

3
1.2.2. Branch Canal
3
1.2.3. Minor Distributary
3
1.2.4. Major Distributary
4
1.2.5. Field Channel

1.2.6. Navigational canal 4

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

3 METHODOLOGY 9

3.1. Data collection 10

3.2. Quantity of water flow calculation 10

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 3.3. Design of canals 10

3.4. Deign o lining 11

3.5.Design of berms 13

3.6. Design of canal regulator 14

4 DESIGN OF CANALS 15

4.1. Design of Canals 15

4.1.1. Shape of cross section 16

4.1.2. Side slopes 17

4.1.3. Longitudinal slope 19

4.1.4. Permissible Velocities: 20

Minimum and Maximum

4.1.5. Resistance to the flow 23

4.1.6. Free board 25

4.1.7. References 28

4.2. Radius of curves for lined canals 29

4.3. Hydraulically Efficient Channel 30

4.4. Selection of Lining 32

4.4.1. Introduction 32

4.5. Canal Lining 33

4.5.1. Design of Lined Channels 36

4.5.2. Deign of Rigid Canal 37

4.5.3. Design of trapezoidal 39

4.6. Design of Canal 40

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 4.6.1. Discharge flowing 43

4.6.2. Values of C for Manning’s Formula 44

4.6.3. C.W.P.C. Recommendations 44

4.6.4. Lacey’s regimr formulae 45

4.7. Maximum safe velocities 46

4.8.Kennedy’sTheory of Silt Transportation 47

4.9. Scour Depth 49

4.10. Selection of suitable bed slope 51

4.10.1. Proportion of bed width to 52

Depth
4.11. Side slopes of canal sections 55

4.12. Lining 56

4.13. Formation of canal 57

4.14. Canal alignment 57

4.14.1. Layout 57

4.14.2. Bed slope 58

4.14.3. Bed elevation 58

4.15. Construction of canal 59

4.15.1.Construction of an canal embankment 60

4.16. Construction of a canal 61

4.17. Slope of a canal alignment 64

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5 DESIGN OF REGULATOR 67
5.1Canal regulator 67

5.2. Design 68

5.3. Vent way of the regulator 69

5.3.1. Fixing the vent way by the 71

drowning ratio method

5.3.2. Downstream of regulator 72

5.4. Roadway 73

5.5. Pier 73

5.5.1.length of pier 74

5.6. Shutters 74

5.7. Loads 76

5.8. Abutments 78

5.9. Wing walls 79

5.9.1.Section of level wing and return 80

5.9.2. Splay of wings on both sides 81

5.9.3.solid aprons for the regulator 81

5.10. Revetments 82

5.11.Arrangements of energy 83

Dissipation
5.12. General 83

5.12.1. Specifications 84

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6 CONCLUSION 86
7 REFERENCE 87
7.1. References 87
7.1.1. Reference from book 87
7.1.2. Reference from journal 87
7.1.3. Reference from website 89

7.1. 4. Reference from code book 89

7.2. Discussion with Nawad Tech 90

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