CASE STUDY

03001012-DSE5 Introduction to Computer Networks

Submitted By,
Husain Chariwala 201703100110016,
Fatima Chariwala 201703100110017,
Rahul Rathor 201703100110024,
Ashish Agrawal 201703100110063,
Aadil Patel 201703100110081

At

Supreme Automobile Showroom,Chikhli

for partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the 4th semester of Degree of Bachelor of Computer Applications
B.V.Patel Institute of Computer Application,
Uka Tarsadia University.
April, 2019.
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to heartily express deepest appreciation for the course teacher, Mr. Jitendra B.
Upadhyay, who had been a constant guide and support throughout the whole semester and also
during the project,he has given us this opportunity to have such experience and to actually identify
how the corporate world is and how are the things actually implemented at workplaces.Without his
guidance and persistent efforts this would not have been possible.

We appreciate all the efforts of the group members, who have equally participated and helped
throughout the case study.It absolutely gave us a way to interact and avail all our problem solving
qualities, also we were able to manage teamwork and also improve our method of learning.

Apart from the study corporeities,we learnt the real world application of the subject which we learnt
and it gave us a profound knowledge about the subject and how actually wide it is.We would also
like to thank “Supreme Automobile Showroom”, for giving us a chance to study and analyse their
asset and for giving enough guidance throughout our case study.

1
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

Table of Contents

No. Index Page No.

1. Company Profile 4
2. Introduction 5
3. Objective 6
4. Methodologies 6
5. Description 7
6. Network Components 9
7. Hardware Components 9
8. Software Components 11
9. Network Architecture 14
10. Conclusion 18
11. References 19

2
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

List of Tables, Figures, schemes

● Fig 2.1.1 Real life network.

● Fig 2.1.2 Basic computer network.
● Fig 2.1.3 Local area network.
● Fig 2.2.1 Classification of network components.
● Fig 2.2.2 Straight crimping connection
● Table 2.2.1 Network Connection Devices.
● Fig 2.2.3 RJ45 Connector
● Fig 2.2.4 An ADSL Router
● Fig 2.2.5 A CAT6 Cable
● Fig 2.2.6 Giga Switch
●
● Fig 2.2.7 TCP/IP Model Layers
● Table 2.2.2 TCP/IP Architecture
● Fig 2.3.1 Showroom LAN Connection
● Fig 2.3.2 Network Topologies
● ​Table 2.3.2 Contrasting Star Topology and Showroom Topology
● Showroom Topology
● Star Topology
● Table 2.3.3 OSI Model layers
● Table 2.3.4 Comparison Of OSI and TCP/IP

3
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

1. Company Profile

Name: Supreme Automobiles

Owner: Mr. Kadar Memon

“Supreme Automobiles” is a showroom that basically is involved in selling and servicing of

automobiles, i.e embarked by Hero Motocorp.The showroom is located at the outskirts of the city
Chikhli,Gujarat. Also its another branch is located in Bilimora at a distance of 10 kms.The
showroom is comprised of vehicles that are to be sold, and a network of computers that involves
various functionalities for selling, servicing, parsing, tokenizing..etc of the vehicles.

The actual business which is created is actually connected via a network of all the dealers of the
automobiles sold by the company through an application i.e a database which stores all the data
about the selling and other activities performed. This connection is spread out all over the country’s
dealers and all are connected through this network. In this showroom, the company has provided a
personal tower too to the showroom that allows them to keep the connectivity and also keep the
updates all the time.

The company or basically, this showroom has its another branch too and two more workshops that
involves servicing of the automobiles. These all are connected to each other and that is because of
the company’s network provision. There are almost 15 computers in each branch and they are
connected in a LAN network.

4
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

2.Introduction

As the subject focuses basically on Network and its components, this case study allows us to
learn furthermore about the Network and its other elements. According to a research,
Networks are widely used in business today. Although many businesses use the Internet to
market goods and services, an increasing number of businesses use an intranet, a smaller
version of the Internet that is used by company employees to communicate with one another
and to share data. Intranets are typically protected by firewalls that prevent unauthorized
access and keep company proprietary or sensitive data or information confidential.
Businesses can also share information with partners, customers, or other parties through an
extranet, a part of an intranet that is available to authorized parties. By using networks,
businesses can communicate more quickly, update information more accurately, and
coordinate all members of a supply chain in order to work more efficiently and bring
products or services to the customer more expeditiously than is possible using traditional
communications media.This case study shows the scope of networking, its use, its
implementation in the real world and many more aspects that suggests the wide scope of
networking in today’s era.

Computer network does not mean a system with one Control Unit connected to multiple other
systems as its slave. That is Distributed system, not Computer Network.A network must be able to
meet certain criterias, these are mentioned below:

1. Performance

2. Reliability

3. Scalability

5
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

Objectives

➔ To study the overall network established in the company.

➔ To learn about the usage and practical implementation of the network and its components in
the company.
➔ To study and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the networking and its
architecture that has been used.

Methodologies:

As the case study suggests, the overall network structure is to be studied, both qualitative and
quantitative methodologies have been used to carry out the study. As the case study requires a lot of
observation and understanding, it points towards using qualitative analysis for this approach, also
the data to be collected and objective measurements which are displayed requires the quantitative
analysis approach. Also the tabular and pictorial representations in the case study have been
captured or adopted from the sources.

Hence 2 approaches have been used thoroughly.

6
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

2.1 Description

As the title suggests, the study describes about the overall network established in the
workplace.Networking is a process that fosters the exchange of information and ideas among
individuals or groups that share a common interest. It may be for social or business purposes.
Professionals connect their business network through a series of symbolic ties and contacts.
Business connections may form due to an individual's education, employer, industry or colleagues.
This is basically how a network in real life is. Coming to our scope, A computer network is a set of
computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources. Computers on a network are
called nodes. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet.

Fig 2.1.1 Real life network. Fig 2.1.2 Basic computer network.

The above both images show a network, one is a basic real life network where people are
connected, and the other is a computer network. They both describes the links and the connection
between two or more nodes. This network is implemented at various places in various ways, the
biggest example is it internet(network of networks). Each small or large network can be connected
to each other through internet.

Coming to the case, the network which is going to be portrayed is a Local Area Network(LAN).A
local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area
such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.

7
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

Fig 2.1.3 Local area network.

The above diagram shows a basic representation of a Local Area Network. The company had a
local area network within itself. That means, the interconnection of the personal computers which
are each capable of accessing and sharing data and devices, such as printers, scanners and data
storage devices. The higher communication and data transfer rates and the lack of any need for
leased communication lines characterize the LAN in the workplace.

The above diagram represents the connection at the showroom. It basically consists of various
nodes i.e computers that are used for various purposes and all of them are connected to each other
via the server.

8
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

2.2 Network Components:

Computer networks components comprise both physical parts as well as the software required for
installing computer networks, both at organizations and at home.Below figure shows the basic
components of a computer network.

Fig 2.2.1 Classification of network components.

As the above figure suggests, the network components are basically what a network is comprised
of. Looking towards hardware components, they are the physical part of the network. According to
the network in the case:

2.2.1 Hardware Components:

➔ Servers: The servers in the network was a program (and by implication usually the
computer it runs in) that "served" the resources (files, storage, application programs,
printers, and other devices) for a number of attached computers. The server basically was
connected directly to all the computers in a point-to-point dedicated connection. The server
is basically provided by the company which also provides the application and softwares for
the dealers. It was basically a computer that had all the abilities to serve for various
resources.

➔ Clients: The clients were the normal computers that were used for various functionalities.
There were 7 computers that were connected to a single server. One of them was the main
admin computer that can be accessed by the owner of the showroom. The latter included the

9
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

computers for purposes such as, servicing inquiries, sales inquiries, parsing etc. As said
above they were all connected to the server through dedicated links and also each of them
has restricted rights to access according to their purposes.

➔ Peers:They were like those client computers that had the ability to serve too and also receive
the services from the server. The peer computer was a single computer that was under the
manager of the showroom, which worked as a client computer for the server and provided
services to the other client computers and owner’s computer too.

➔ Transmission Media: The transmission media in the network was totally guided. It was a
wired LAN network and all the connections were done through cabling. The cables that
were used were CAT6 cables.Cat 6​, is a standardized twisted pair ​cable for Ethernet an​d
other network physical layers that is backward compatible ​with the Category 5 and Category
3 cable standards.

➔ Connecting Devices: A giga switch of 24 ports had been used. A Gigabit Ethernet switch
connects multiple devices, such as computers, servers, or game systems to a Local Area
Network (LAN).The connector that had been used was the, RJ45 Connector​.​RJ45 is a type
of connector commonly used for Ethernet networking. It looks similar to a telephone jack,
but is slightly wider. The network hardware used was a “Router”. To be specific, it was
ADSL Router. ADSL router refers to asymmetric digital subscriber line is a communication
technology that provide faster data transmission to us. Also straight crimping had been used
in the cable crimping. In that all the wires are arranged in a color sequence and then, all are
cut equally i.e. straight.

​Fig 2.2.2 Straight crimping connection

10
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

​ Fig 2.2.3 RJ45 Connector

​Fig 2.2.4 An ADSL Router

Fig 2.2.5 A CAT6 Cable ​Fig 2.2.6 Giga Switch

Table 2.2.1 Network Connection Devices.

2.2.2 Software Components:

As listed above, the software components are a major part of a network, because they are main
source that is going to execute and allow the flow of network throughout the system. They are
categorised below:

➔ Network Operating System: This basically is a specialized operating system for a network
device such as a router​, switch or firewall​. An operating system oriented to computer
networking​, to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network.
The Nos that was used in the network in this case study was, NX-OS. ​This is a network
operating system for the Nexus-series Ethernet switches and MDS-series Fibre Channel
storage area network switches made by Cisco Systems.

➔ Protocols: The basic requirement in the network of the given study is for, File sharing and
transfer.File sharing is the foundation of most all inter-computer communication that

11
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

concerns the average user. As the client computers uses the windows platform,Windows
operating systems use the Server Message Block, or SMB set of protocols. These operate
over TCP, much like standard Internet traffic.So basically they use the TCP/IP
protocol.TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of
communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP can
also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (an​ intranet​ or an​ extranet​).

TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It
also manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then
transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address.

IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination.
Each gateway computer on the network checks this IP address to determine where to
forward the message.

Fig 2.2.7 TCP/IP Model Layers

12
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

Table 2.2.2 TCP/IP Architecture

As per the above TCP/IP architecture the company’s network works accordingly.

We can have a full fledged example with this, Considering the application software at the user
interface, the servicing manager uses it for the sharing of file to the admin. At this stage it is at the
application layer.

Later the file shared is at the transport layer, where it gets converted to segments.

After that it reaches the Network layer where the file is divided into packets and then sent to the
data link layer where the ethernet comes into use. Here the packets becomes frames and it uses the
MAC address over here.

At the physical layer the file is shared into bits, and the same process is carried out at the receiver
side that is the admin.

13
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

2.3 Network Architecture:

Network Architecture is the complete framework of an organization's computer network. The

diagram of the network architecture provides a full picture of the established network with detailed
view of all the resources accessible. It includes hardware components used for communication,
cabling and device types, network layout and topologies, physical and wireless connections,
implemented areas and future plans. In addition, the software rules and protocols also constitute to
the network architecture. This architecture is always designed by a network manager/administrator
with coordination of network engineers and other design engineers.

The network architecture of the case in this case study is given below:

​Fig 2.3.1 Showroom LAN Connection

The above is the network layout of the showroom’s network. It basically comprises of the server
and the client computers. Their linkage and their connection.

The basic thing that is in the layout is the way the connection is done in the network. That is the
”Topology”. A network topology is the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and
connecting lines. There are two ways of defining network geometry: the physical topology and the
logical (or signal) topology.

14
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

Basically there are various topologies that can be defined for the arrangement of the network.

Fig 2.3.2 Network Topologies

Above are the various topologies in which the network can be arranged. According to this case
study, the network topology used in the showroom is “Star Topology”.
A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (​LAN​) in which all nodes are individually
connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. All traffic emanates from the hub of
the star. The central site is in control of all the nodes attached to it. The central hub is usually a fast,
self contained computer and is responsible for routing all traffic to other nodes. The main
advantages of a star network is that one malfunctioning node does not affect the rest of the network.
However this type of network can be prone to bottleneck and failure problems at the central site.
Showroom Topology Basic star Topology

​Table 2.3.2 Contrasting Star Topology and Showroom Topology

15
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

The above table shows that the showroom connection is in the form of star topology. It is
recommended and also used widely in the local area networks.

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network architecture, developed by International Organization

for Standardization, is an open standard for communication in the network across different
equipment and applications by different vendors. Though not widely deployed, the OSI 7 layer
model is considered as the primary network architectural model for inter-computing and
inter-networking communications.Network architecture provides only a conceptual framework for
communications between computers. The model itself does not provide specific methods of
communication. Actual communication is defined by various communication protocols.

Also network architectures are not fixed to a specific one, they are dynamic and changing but the
base is designed following a specific protocol and that needs to be followed by each one of them to
be able to interact with each other.

​Table 2.3.3 OSI Model layers

The above table describes the working of the OSI model. The significance of each and every layer
and the type of data that is been sent or received.

16
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

Comparison with TCP/IP model:

The design of protocols in the TCP/IP model of the Internet does not concern itself with strict
hierarchical encapsulation and layering.​RFC 3439 contains a section entitled "Layering considered
harmful​".TCP/IP does recognize four broad layers of functionality which are derived from the
operating scope of their contained protocols: the scope of the software application; the host-to-host
transport path; the internetworking range; and the scope of the direct links to other nodes on the
local network.

​ Table 2.3.4 Comparison Of OSI and TCP/IP

This specifies how the OSI model and TCP/IP model differs from each other, although the LAN of
the showroom uses the TCP/IP model. Both have layered architecture. Layers provide similar
functionalities. Both are protocol stack. Both are reference models.

17
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

3.Conclusion

Concluding over this, it can be said that a network is two or more devices connected to each other
through a way by which they are able to share files and communicate with each other.Without
having a network, Companies would not be able to share resources and increase productivity more
effectively. This means that networking is a widespread arena and it has a very much important role
in today’s industry too. Apart from this, there are various advantages of this which reduces the
efforts and give productive output. The network associated with companies is probably limited to an
organization i.e Local Area Network, but this study also unveiled the various connected LANs. This
means that the network was of a single showroom, but all of these were actually managed by the
main company, i.e Hero Motocorp Ltd.And that creates a Wide Area Network that is spread all over
the nation.Major products of networking equipment manufacturers include switches, routers, and
network control equipment. Major services of equipment suppliers include system and network
design, software development, installation, monitoring, and maintenance. The study also suggested
the use of various networking devices and also the major impact of the networking architecture.
Likewise, it can be said that having a network topology is equally important, various reasons are
there to describe that; First, topology is necessary for certain spatial functions such as network
routing through linear networks. Second, topology can be used to create datasets with better quality
control and greater data integrity. A network topology is all about the positioning of a network,
including its nodes and relating lines. Conjointly, it also suggested that how the thorough network
architecture is. Significantly describing about the protocols and standards which are a third-wheel to
the network, Standardized network protocols define how network elements interact, with network
architecture design taking the lead on the specification of which protocols are used and how
network elements use these protocols. A robust network architecture will facilitate system level
functionality as well as robustness, extensibility, and evolvability in the face of changes in software
and hardware components, application functions, implementation of security measurements, and
external environments. Looking towards desisting this study, it can be concluded, Computer
Networks and Protocols have forever changed the way humans will work, play, and
communicate.New protocols and standards will emerge, new applications will be conceived, and
our lives will be further changed and enhanced. While the new will only be better, the majority of
digital networking's current technologies are not cutting-edge, but rather are protocols and standards
conceived at the dawn of the digital networking age that have stood solid for over thirty years.

18
 B. V. Patel Institute of Computer Application, Uka
Tarsadia University

4. References

Computer_Science/Data_Communication_and_Networking_by_Behrouz.A.Foro
uzan_4th.edition

http://intronetworks.cs.luc.edu/current/ComputerNetworks.pdf

https://people.ece.cornell.edu/atang/pub/15/SOSR15.pdf

https://www.dummies.com/computers/computer-networking/hardware-and-soft
ware-basics-for-a-simple-network/

19