CHAPTER – 9

BLOOD RELATIONS
There are two types of questions based on blood relations that are given in different competitive examinations. For the
sake of convenience we will refer to the two types of questions as Type I and Type II. (Please note that the questions on
blood relationships are not categorised as above in the actual exam papers. It is being done purely from the point of
better understanding).

In the exams, the success of a candidate in the questions on blood relations depends upon his knowledge about various
blood relations. Some of the relationships given below help in solving the problems.

The easiest and non-confusing way to solve these types of problems would be to draw a family tree diagram and
increase the levels in the hierarchy as shown below:
1st stage : GRANDPARENTS (Grandfather, Grandmother, Granduncle,
Grandaunt)

2nd stage: PARENTS & IN-LAWS (Father, Mother, Uncle, Aunt, Father-in-law,
Mother-in-law)

3rd stage : (Brother, Sister, Cousin, Wife, Husband,

SIBLINGS, SPOUSE
Brother-in-law, Sister-in-law)
& IN-LAWS

4th stage : CHILDREN & IN-LAWS (Son, Daughter, Niece, Nephew, Son-in-law,
Daughter-in-law)

5th stage : GRANDCHILDREN (Grandson, Granddaughter)

Mother's or Father's son : Brother stage; son, daughter, niece and nephew will come in the
Mother's or Father's daughter : Sister fourth stage and finally, granddaughters and grandsons
Mother's or Father's brother : Uncle will come. The above stages are made from the point of
Mother's or Father's sister : Aunt view of an individual.
Mother's or Father's mother : Grandmother
Mother's or Father's father : Grandfather In Type – Ι questions, the relationship between two
Grandmother's brother : Granduncle people is given through a roundabout way of relating
Grandmother's sister : Grandaunt them through other people. We have to go through the
Grandfather's brother : Granduncle series of relationships and finally determine the
Grandfather's sister : Grandaunt relationship between the two people given in the
Sister's or Brother's son : Nephew question. The relationship can be given as a simple
Sister's or Brother's daughter : Niece statement or as a statement made by a person. In the
Uncle or Aunt's son or daughter : Cousin first example given below, a person is involved in making
Son's wife : Daughter-in-law a statement whereas in the second question, there is no
Daughter's husband : Son-in-law person involved in making a statement.
Husband's or Wife's sister : Sister-in-law
Husband's or Wife's brother : Brother-in-law Worked out examples:
Sister's husband : Brother-in-law
Brother's wife : Sister-in-law 1. A’s father’s mother-in-law’s only daughter’s son
Children of same parents : Siblings (could be all is B. How is A related to B?
brothers, all sisters or some brothers and some sisters) (A) Brother
Children : Son, Daughter (B) Sister
Children's Children : Grandchildren (C) Nephew
(Grandson, Granddaughter) (D) Niece
(E) Cannot be determined
In addition, remember the word spouse which means
either husband or wife. Sol: A’s father’s mother-in-law’s only daughter is
Grandfather and grandmother will come in the first stage; A’s mother. A’s mother’s son is A’s brother.
mother, father, uncle and aunt will come in the second But A can be either brother or sister to B.
stage; sister, brother and cousin will come at the third Choice (E)
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2. If A’s father is B, C is the father of B and D is A’s 4. A + B means A is the son of B.
mother, then How is C related to D? A − B means A is the daughter of B.
(A) Father (B) Grandfather A × B means A is the father of B.
(C) Father-in-law (D) Uncle A ÷ B means A is the mother of B.
(E) Nephew
Sol: A’s father is B and mother is D. Therefore D is B’s Which of the following means S is the son-in- law
wife and C is the father of B. Hence C is D’s of P?
father-in-law. (A) P + Q ÷ R × S − T
Here, indicates that the person is male (B) P × Q ÷ R − S + T
(C) P + Q × R − S ÷ T
and indicates that the person is female (D) P × Q − R ÷ S × T
C (E) P + Q – R ÷ S × T

father Sol: P + Q ÷ R × S − T means P is the son of Q. Q

is the mother of R, R is the father of S and S is
B D the daughter of T. Hence S is the nephew of P.
wife
P × Q ÷ R − S + T means P is the father of Q, Q is
father the mother of R, R is the daughter of S and S is
A the son of T. Hence S is the son-in- law of P.
Choice (C)
R + Q × R − S ÷ T means P is the son of Q, Q
3. A + B means A is the son of B. is the father of R, R is the daughter of S and S
A − B means A is the daughter of B. is the mother of T. Hence S is the mother of P.
A × B means A is the father of B.
A ÷ B means A is the mother of B. P × Q − R ÷ S × T means P is the father of Q, Q is
the daughter of R, R is the mother of S and S is
If M × N + O − P ÷ Q, then how is M related to Q? the father of T. Hence S is the son of P.
(A) Husband (B) Cousin Choice (B)
(C) Brother-in-law (D) Uncle
(E) Father-in-law 5. Pointing to a person, Raju said, “He is the only
brother of my father’s mother’s daughter.” How
Sol: M × N + O − P ÷ Q means M is the father of N, N is the person related to Raju?
is the son of O, O is the daughter of P, P is the (A) Brother (B) Father
mother of Q. (C) Uncle (D) Nephew
M is the father of N and N is the son of O (E) Son
means M is the husband of O.
O is the daughter of P and P is the mother of Q Sol: Raju’s father’s mother’s daughter is Raju’s
means O is the sister of Q. father’s sister. Raju’s father’s sister’s only
M is the husband of O and O is the sister of Q brother is Raju’s father. Hence the person is
means M is the brother-in-law of Q. Raju’s father. Choice (B)
Here, indicates that the person is male 6. A’s mother’s father is the husband of B’s mother.
and indicates that the person is female How is A related to B, if A and B are both male.
(A) Uncle (B) Father
P (C) Nephew (D) Son
(E) Brother
mother
Sol: A’s mother’s father is the husband of B’s mother.
That means A’s mother is the sister of B.
M O Q Hence all the nephew of B. Choice (C)
wife sister
father

N
Choice (C)

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 Exercise – 9
Directions for questions 1 to 20: Select the correct 13. Divya’s father, pointing towards a person, said,
alternative from the given choices. “He is the brother of my father’s only sibling”. How is
the person related to Divya?
1. A person who is the husband of my son’s sister is my (A) Father (B) Uncle (C) Brother
(A) Nephew (B) Son-in-law (C) Son (D) Grandfather (E) Nephew
(D) Brother (E) Father
14. Tinku, introducing a person to Rinku, said “He is
2. Y is the daughter of X’s brother’s wife’s father-in- the father of your sister’s son and he is also my
law. Y is X’s _______. mother’s husband”. How is Tinku’s father related
(A) Niece (B) Daughter (C) Sister to Rinku’s mother?
(D) Sister-in-law (E) Mother (A) Nephew (B) Uncle (C) Son-in-law
(D) Father (E) None of these
3. Showing a photograph P said,” She is my mother’s
mother’s son’s daughter”. How is the person in the 15. A is B’s father, B is C’s daughter, E is D’s only
photograph related to P? sibling. C is D’s only daughter. How is B related to
(A) Sister (B) Cousin (C) Niece E’s niece?
(D) Mother (E) None of these (A) Niece (B) Granddaughter
(C) Daughter (D) Mother
4. How is my father’s mother’s only daughter-in- (E) None of these
law’s sister related to me?
(A) Aunt (B) Sister (C) Cousin 16. My father’s only brother’s wife’s only daughter’s
(D) Niece (E) Mother paternal uncle is my mother’s
(A) Father-in-law (B) Husband
5. How is my grandmother’s only child’s husband’s (C) Son (D) Uncle
mother related to me? (E) Father
(A) Mother (B) Grandmother (C) Aunt
(D) Sister (E) Cousin 17. My mother’s brother’s son’s mother is related to my
maternal aunt as
6. How is Ramu’s mother-in-law’s only daughter’s son (A) Sister-in-law (B) Cousin
related to Ramu? (C) Aunt (D) Mother-in-law
(A) Nephew (B) Brother (C) Son (E) Mother
(D) Uncle (E) Father
18. Sanjana’s brother-in-law is the son of Ramya. How
7. How is my son’s son’s mother’s daughter related is Sanjana’s husband related to Ramya’s husband if
to me? Sanjana had no siblings?
(A) Niece (B) Granddaughter (A) Nephew (B) Son
(C) Daughter (D) Aunt (C) Son-in-law (D) Father-in-law
(E) Mother (E) Cannot be determined
8. How is my father’s brother’s only sibling’s mother 19. How is my mother’s mother’s only son-in-law’s
related to me? sister related to me?
(A) Mother (B) Cousin (C) Daughter (A) Mother-in-law (B) Sister
(D) Aunt (E) Grandmother (C) Aunt (D) Mother
(E) Cousin
9. A is the father of B. C is the son of D. E is the
brother of C while D is the sister of B. How is B
20. A’s mother’s son’s only sister is B. How is A
related to E?
related to C, if B is the mother of C’s daughter?
(A) Uncle (B) Aunt (C) Mother
(A) Brother (B) Brother-in-law
(D) Father (E) Either (A) or (B)
(C) Uncle (D) Nephew
10. My mother’s sister’s son’s father’s mother-in-law (E) Cousin
is related to me as
(A) Mother (B) Grandmother Directions for questions 21 to 25: Use the relations
(C) Mother-in-law (D) Aunt defined below and answer the following questions.
(E) Sister
A + B means A is the mother of B.
11. How is David’s father’s only daughter-in-law’s A − B means A is the sister of B.
son’s wife related to David? A × B means A is the father of B.
(A) Daughter (B) Daughter-in-law A ÷ B means A is the son of B.
(C) Niece (D) Granddaughter A = B means A is the brother of B.
(E) Mother A ≠ B means A is the daughter of B.
12. How is Ravi’s mother’s father’s son related to 21. Which of the following means P is the aunt of Q?
Ravi’s father? (A) P − R ÷ Q (B) P + R × Q
(A) Cousin (B) Uncle (C) P ≠ R × Q (D) P − R + Q
(C) Brother-in-law (D) Son-in-law (E) P × R = Q
(E) Mother
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22. Which of the following means, S is the son of T’s Directions for questions 31 to 35: These questions are
daughter? based on the information given below.
(A) T × M + S + N (B) T × M + S = N
(C) T + M × S – N (D) S ÷ M ÷ T – N A, B, C, D, E and F are six members of a family. A is the
(E) T × M ÷ S ≠ N mother of B, who is the husband of D. F is the brother of
one of the parents of C. D is the daughter-in-law of E
23. Which of the following means W is the uncle of Z? and has no siblings. C is the son of D.
(A) W × A − B + Z (B) W = A + B − Z
(C) W = A + B + Z (D) W − A + B − Z 31. How is C related to A?
(E) W × A × B = Z (A) Nephew (B) Son-in-law
(C) Grandson (D) Father
24. Which of the following means C is the grandfather of (E) None of the above
both D and E?
(A) C × A ÷ D − E (B) C + A + D ≠ E 32. How is F related to D?
(C) C ÷ A ≠ D = E (D) C × A × D − E (A) Cousin (B) Brother-in-law
(E) C ÷ A × D × E (C) Brother (D) Father
(E) None of these
25. Which of the following means I is the mother of L?
33. How is E related to F?
(A) I + B − C ≠ D × L (B) I ≠B + C × L
(A) Mother (B) Mother-in-law
(C) I + B × C ≠ D − L (D) I + B − C × L (C) Father (D) Father-in-law
(E) I × B × C = D = L (E) Sister
Directions for questions 26 to 30: Use the relationships 34. If F is married to G, then how is G related to B?
given below and answer the questions followed. (A) Sister (B) Sister-in-law
(C) Cousin (D) Mother
P ↑ Q means P is the husband of Q (E) None of these
P $ Q means P is the father of Q.
P ₤ Q means P is the mother of Q. 35. How many male members are there in the family?
P @ Q means P is the brother of Q. (A) Two (B) Three
P Í Q means P is the sister of Q. (C) Four (D) Five
P Δ Q means P is the son of Q. (E) Cannot be determined
P ⇒ Q means P is the daughter of Q.
P ↓ Q means P is the wife of Q. Directions for questions 36 to 40: These questions are
based on the information given below.
26. If A Δ B ₤ C $ D, then A is the ______ of D.
(A) father (B) uncle (C) brother A family of eight persons has three married couples.
(D) son (E) None of the above Amelie is the grandmother of Charles and is the mother-
in-law of Floyd. Helen is the daughter of Bob, who is the
27. E @ F ↓ G $ H means brother of George. Diana is the only child of George and
(A) H is the niece of E. is the mother of Charles. Emma is the wife of Bob.
(B) H is the nephew of E.
(C) E is the paternal uncle of H. 36. How is George related to Helen?
(D) H is the father of E. (A) Uncle (B) Father
(E) Either (A) or (B) (C) Brother (D) Cousin
(E) None of these
28. I $ J ⇒ K ⇒ L ↑ M means
(A) I is the son of M. 37. How is Helen related to Diana?
(B) I is the nephew of M. (A) Sister (B) Daughter
(C) M is the father-in-law of I. (C) Cousin (D) Mother
(D) I is the son-in-law of M. (E) Father
(E) M is the father of I.
38. Diana’s mother is
29. If P Í Q Δ R @ S and T ↓ S, then which among (A) Emma (B) Amelie
the following is a true statement? (C) Helen (D) Floyd
(A) S is the aunt of P. (E) None of these
(B) Q is the niece of S.
(C) S is the father of P and Q. 39. Who is the father of Floyd?
(D) P is the niece of S. (A) George (B) Bob
(E) S is the father of P. (C) Charles (D) None of these
(E) Data insufficient
30. If W ⇒ X Δ Y ₤ Z, then which among the following is
definitely true? 40. How is Charles father related to George’s
(A) Z is the uncle of W. daughter?
(B) W is the niece of Z. (A) Son (B) Uncle
(C) W is the daughter of Z. (C) Husband (D) Father-in-law
(D) W is the son of Z. (E) Father
(E) None of these
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Directions for questions 41 to 45: These questions are Directions for question 46 to 50: These questions are
based on the information given below. based on the information given below.

In a family of three generations, there are eight In a family of eight members, there are two married
members, M and N are brothers. R is the grandson of Q. couples and a widow. A, the engineer, is married to a
T is the only niece of M, P is the sister-in-law of N. O is doctor. C, an architect is the wife of D, E, a student is the
the mother-in-law of S. There are three married couples only child of C.
in the family. T is the daughter of S.
G is the son of H and his sister F, is the niece of the
41. How is R related to T? manager. B, a teacher, is the mother of only A and D.
(A) Cousin
(B) Uncle 46. Who is the manager?
(C) Brother (A) G (B) D (C) H
(D) Father (D) A (E) C
(E) Cannot be determined
47. Who is the mother of F?
42. How is Q related to S? (A) A (B) B
(A) Grandfather (B) Uncle (C) H (D) C
(C) Father-in-law (D) Father (E) Cannot be determined
(E) None of these
48. B is related to G as
43. How is P related to O? (A) Mother-in-law (B) Mother
(A) Aunt (B) Mother (C) Grandmother (D) Daughter-in-law
(C) Daughter-in-law (D) Mother-in-law (E) None of these
(E) Cousin
49. The profession of H is
44. How is O related to R? (A) Manager (B) Engineer
(A) Uncle (B) Grandmother (C) Doctor (D) Teacher
(C) Aunt (D) Grandfather (E) None of these
(E) Father
50. The profession of G is
45. In the family the ratio of number of male members (A) Manager (B) Engineer
to that of female members (C) Doctor (D) Teacher
(A) 3 : 5 (B) 5 : 3 (E) Data insufficient
(C) 1 : 1 (D) 2 : 3
(E) None of these

Key
1. B 11. B 21. D 31. C 41. E
2. C 12. C 22. B 32. B 42. C
3. B 13. D 23. B 33. C 43. C
4. A 14. C 24. D 34. B 44. B
5. B 15. C 25. A 35. C 45. C
6. C 16. B 26. B 36. A 46. B
7. B 17. A 27. E 37. C 47. E
8. E 18. B 28. D 38. B 48. C
9. E 19. C 29. D 39. E 49. C
10. B 20. B 30. B 40. C 50. E

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