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FIELD WORKREPORT
RIZKI AULIA
B1B015024
i
DRY AND WET HERBARIUM MAKING PROCESS
IN CENTER FOR PLANT CONSERVATION
BOTANIC GARDEN - LIPI
RIZKI AULIA
B1B015024
Dr. Pudji Widodo, M.Sc. Dr.agr. Didit Okta Pribadi, S.P., M.Si.
NIP. 196007151986011001 NIP. 197510012005021001
Verified by,
Vice Dean of Academic Affairs of Faculty of Biology
UniversitasJenderalSoedirman
Praise Allah SWT who has bestowed the mercy and grace to the writer for
accomplishing the field workreport entitled "Dry and Wet Herbarium Making
Process In Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Garden - LIPI". This report is
written to fulfill the requirements to obtain Bachelor Degree of Science in Faculty of
Biology. Therefore the writter would like to thank to:
1. Dr. Hendro Pramono, M.S. as Vice Dean of Academic Affairs of Faculty of
Biology, who has granted permission for field work
2. Dr. PudjiWidodo, M.Sc. as a supervisor who has given guidance and directives in
a accomplishing of field work report
3. Dr. agr Didit Okta Pribadi, S.P., M.Si. as a head of Sub Division of Registration
and Breeding also field supervisor of Herbarium Laboratory in Center for Plant
Conservation Botanic Center - LIPI, who has guidance during field work activities
4. Dr. Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas, MS. as the academic supervisor, who has provided
advice and support
5. Mrs. Eni Yuhaeni as a field supervisor of Herbarium Laboratory in Center for
Plant Conservation Botanic Center - LIPI, who has guidance during field work
activities
6. Mr. Kusnadi, Mr. Teguh Hasto Priatmo, and Mrs. Sri Novianti as a Herbarium
Laboratory Staff who has who has provided guidance and assistance during the
implementation of the field work practice
7. All those who have helped in the this field work report
The writer realizes that this field work report is still far from perfection,
therefore author is expecting criticism and constructive suggestions for improvement
in the future. The writer hopes the field work report can be useful especially in plant
taxonomy object. The writer hopes this field work report can help the readers to
expand their knowledge about plant taxonomy especially herbarium.
Writer
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
iv
LIST OF TABLE
v
LIST OF ATTACHMENT
Attachment 1. Title, Location, Time, Supervisor and Daily Work Activity. .............23
Attachment 2. Picture of Activity. ............................................................................26
Attachment 3. Herbarium Collection of Botanical Garden on January 2018. ..........27
vi
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
The tools that will be used are knives, scissors, axes, bamboo stick,
newspapers, plastic bags of 100 cm x 75 cm, small plastic bags, 4 cm x 6 cm, labels,
pens, 2B pencils, notebooks, cameras, plaque paper 30 cm x 43 cm , solder, rami
tape, envelope, drawing pen, fox glue, goodyear yarn, tweezers, scalpel, brush, wavy
aluminum, cardboard, wooden sasak, strap, freezer, species folder, genus folder,
storage cabinet, 2000 ml and 500 ml measuring cup, bucket, scoop, funnel, tracing
paper, label, and specimen bottle.
The materials that will be used are Diospyros blancoi, Ixora salicifolia,
Baccaurea macrocarpa, Alchornea rugosa, Dianella ensifolia, Psycotria curviflora
var. forma brevistylis, Ardisia humilis, Chionanthus ramiflorus, Dasymaschalon
blumei, Lepisanthes amoena, Hibiscus sp., Hibiscus vitifolius, hibiscus liliaceus,
Pavonia wisti, Pavonia schimferiana, Thespesia populnea, Thespesia sp., Thespesia
trilobata, Ficus subulata, Ficus stupenda, Ficus variegate, Ficus ulmifolia, Ficus
sapiosa, alcohol 96%, gliserol, and aquades.
This field work is held for four weeks, starting on 22 January 2018 - 23
February 2018 in the Herbarium Laboratory of Center for Plant Conservation
Botanic Garden - LIPI, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Paledang, Bogor Tengah, Bogor,
Jawa Barat 16122.
2.3 Method
3
herbarium material is about 20 cm. Material taken and put a hanging label to
facilitate in a plant identity, consisting of collector, date of collection, name of
plant, tribe, vak number, and origin of plant using pencil 2B. Then put into
plastic bags that have been provided and then taken to the processing place to be
collected.
b. Preservation
The herbarium material collected in one day should be preserved
immediately, not to be left until the next day, as many plants with leaves and
flowers quickly rot or fall and the leaves are rolled up, if not directly worked,
herbarium material should be moistened with 70% alcohol or spirtus. How to
preservation is done with the following stages:
a) Plant material that has been labeled, arranged in such a way and neat on the
newspaper, then the left side and right side of the newspaper folded cover the
plant material.
b) The folds of newspapers that have contained plant material stacked together,
then tied.
c) Each bond is inserted into a thick and leak-proof plastic bag. Plant material in
plastic bag is given with 70% alcohol or spirtus until wet.
d) Plastic bags sealed with duct tape / masking tape, so the alcohol or spirtus is
not volatile.
c. Pressing and Drying
Plant material that has been moistened with alcohol or spirt is removed and
replaced with a new newspaper, then folded again. The tools and materials used
in the pressing and sterilizing process are, among others, sasak with square
formby wooden 45 cm x 30 cm, wavy alumunium, thick cardboard, newspaper,
non-flammable fastener or some kind of belt, hanging label, and pencil.
c.1 Preparation of Plant Materials
a) The material is placed on top of the newspaper. The top surface of the leaf
and the bottom on one twig should be displayed. Folded leaf tips and leaf
base should be straightened.
b) Long or wide stems, leaves, and flowers can be folded more than once or a
few large leaves can be cut so that all parts of the plant sample do not exceed
the size of the Newspaper at the time of placing the size will fit to the size of
4
the plaque paper. For the size of the leaves the size of a piece of newspaper is
placed between the folds of leaves so that the leaves are not attached to each
other.
c) The newspaper folds are placed around the leaves to keep them flat when dry.
If the stems or fruits are thick, then added newspaper folds and cardboard, so
the thickness is the same as the thick part of the plant. The goal is to help the
leaves to dry evenly without damaging or pressing other parts.
d) Small and loose fruit are inserted into the envelope and labeled with its data.
e) Large fruits are generally difficult to press. Preservation of such fruits is by
inserting into the tin box, then in the oven to dry or made wet collections with
70% alcohol and stored in glass bottles equipped with a label description.
c.2 Pressing
After some plant material arranged neatly, then closed with newspaper.
The stages of production are as follows:
a) 1st layer (bottom layer) is wooden sasak.
b) 2nd layer is wavy alumunium and carboard.
c) 3rd layer is newspaper then put the material and closed by newspaper again.
d) 4th layer is wavy alumunium and carboard.
e) 5th layer is returns to 3rd and 4th layer.
f) 6th layer is covered with wooden sasak when the arrangement is high enough
(± 20-25 cm).
c.3 Drying
After arranging the plant material and pressing, then inserted into the
oven at a temperature of 50-70 °C.
a) The position of wooden sasak before put into the oven must be set, when
entering into oven the position must be horizontally (at edge) so that hot oven
is not blocked by wooden sasak, heat from oven will be blocked if the
position is vertical (above and below).
b) Once inserted, the oven is closed and set the temperatureat 50-70 °C for 2-3
days.
c) On the first day od drying, wooden sasak is pressed again because the lack of
moisture in the specimen affects the pressure and rope bonds, after being
pressed again, put back into the oven.
5
d. Mounting
a) Preparing the plaque paper.
b) All parts of the material should be on a single page of plaque paper and note
that the material, labels, and envelopes (if any) are arranged on plaque paper
in a balanced position and not exceeds the edge of the plaque paper. The
material should not cover the label. If the paper is not sufficient to attach all
of the material, the material may be attached to other plaque paper (multiple
sheets of material, or multiple sheets or duplicates). The label is placed on
the bottom right sequentially upwards in the order of the year. On other
sheets also paste the photocopies from the original label.
c) Small stems or twigs given ramitape / tape, when sticking ramitape / tape is
pressed near both sides left and right so as not to waver, ramitape / tape cut
off using a scalpel.
d) The material used shall always reveal buds, flowers, fruits, and both leaf
surfaces or important parts of the plant.
e) Try to make the material looksnatural like real shape of a plant, for example
the root position should be placed at the bottom.
f) If the material is very small, do not plaque, but insert it into the specimen
envelope and stick it on the top left of the plaque paper.
g) The pointed end of the plant (such as the end of a truncated stem, thorn or
branch) should be trimmed or cut to avoid damaging the herbarium material.
Other things to consider in the placement of plant material are:
a) Loose materials such as flowers, fruits, leaves, or other, should be stored in
envelopes. In the envelope is written the name of the plant, origin, vak
garden and plaque paper numbers of the material. If the plant exploration
results are written in accordance with the data of the origin of the plant.
b) Parts of fruit and flowers should not be in masking tape.
c) Fruit, stems, or other plant parts having a diameter of less than 3 cm,
preferably attached to plaque paper by sewing with goodyear yarns.
e. Refigeration
The next process is refigeration the herbarium material is inserted into the
freezer. As for how it works as follows:
a) Small plastic adjust to the capacity of plastic bags.
6
b) The plastic bag is sealed with duct tape and then insert it into the cardboard
box.
c) Insert into a large plastic bag and close and fasten with a rope and put it in a
cooler or freezer with a temperature of -20 °C for ten days.
d) After ten days, the herbarium material is removed and aerated for three
days, to remove the ice crystals present in the material and afterwards the
material is ready to be storage into the herbarium cabinet.
f. Storage and Arragnment of Herbarium
In the process of arragment herbarium specimens, stored and arranged
alphabetically in storage cabinets so systematically arranged so as to facilitate
the retrieval and rearrangement. The stages are as follows:
a) Herbarium specimens that have been incorporated into species of folders
and genus folders are then grouped alphabetically by families, genera, and
species.
b) The specimen is inserted into a vault (storage cabinet) that has been labeled
the name of the tribe (family) so as not to be easily attacked by pests or
fungi.
c) Storage room shall be provided with air conditioner with a temperature of
20 °C with moisture of 55% in order that the specimen is not damaged and
durable.
g. Maintenance
Herbarium material to stay in good condition and maintained, maintenance
should be done routinely. Maintenance of herbarium can be done by cleaning the
specimen collection from dust and cleaning the storage cabinet and refrigeration
at -20 ° C for ± 10 days for 6 months. In addition there is a repeat or remounting.
Remounting is the activity of moving herbarium material from old plaque paper
to new plaque paper. This activity is often done simultaneously with the
activities of the placement. Remounting is one effort to maintain the collection
of specimens in order to stay awake and intact. Tools used in the same as
mounting activities.The procedure of remounting activities as follows:
a) Release of material that is to release the specimen material from old plaque
paper. There are two kinds of material release, for the first one can use a
7
scalpel or scissors to remove the tape, while for the second must cut in
accordance with the shape of the material either using a scalpel or scissors.
b) Arragnment of the material is to re-arrange the material specimen on new
plaque paper. The removed material is reassembled on new plaque paper.
c) If the material from the herbarium leaves off, then arrange with the leaf
surface position looks up and stack the leaf surface also looks the bottom.
d) If the branch is cut into pieces, rearrange as much as possible in accordance
with the position before it is moved.
e) Arragnment of labels done in sequence starting from the bottom right.
f) For fragile labels, then coated with acid free paper before stick it to plaque
paper.
g) Write "REMOUNTED" and its year at the bottom center of the plaque
paper.
2.3.2 Wet Herbarium
a. Collecting the Material
The material was collected in the area of botanical garden where the plant
has not been recorded in Herbarium database of Center for Plant Conservation
Botanic Garden. Dry herbarium material is selected with a complete condition
consisting of flowers, fruit, twigs, and leaves. Taking using tools such as scissors
and bamboo stick to facilitate when taking the material in the field. The amount
of each minimum pick of 3 twigs of each tree to duplicate the length of the
herbarium material is about 20 cm. Material taken and put a hanging label to
facilitate in a plant identity, consisting of collector, date of collection, name of
plant, tribe, vak number, and origin of plant using pencil 2B. Then put into
plastic bags that have been provided and then taken to the processing place to be
collected.
b. Prepare the Tools and Materials
Making wet herbarium using special media that is 70% alcohol, aquades,
and glycerin. The tool used consists of bucket, scoop, funnel, 2000 ml and 500
ml measuring cup, specimen bottle, tracing paper, mask, glove, and herbarium
catalog book.
8
c. Making the Medium
c.1 Making the Alcohol Solution 70 % 5000 ml
a) Take 96% alcohol as much as 3650 ml.
b) Dissolved with aquades as much as 1350 ml in a bucket.
c) Homogenized.
c.2 Making the Prepared Solution 5000 ml
a) Take 70% alcohol as much as 3500 ml.
b) Dissolved with aquades as much 1500 ml.
c) Homogenized.
c.3 Making 5000 ml Solution of Zingiberaceae and Orchidaceae Family
a) Take 98% alcohol as much as 3650 ml and 250 ml glycerin.
b) Dissolved with aquades as much 1350 ml.
c) Homogenized.
d. Processing
Processing the wet herbarium with prepared medium is 70% alcohol
solution. Prepare the labels in tracing paper written by species name, family, vak
number, species origin, take date, and storage date using 2B pencil. Specimen
material is prepared, as for the stages as follows:
a) The specimens are washed with clean water, then drained and dried.
b) Bottle of specimen washed with clean water, then dried.
c) After the specimen is dry, insert it into the bottle and insert the label inside
that has already written the specimen information.
d) The 70 % alcohol solution is inserted into the bottle until fully submerged
and then closed tightly.
e. Labeling
Labeling on the wet collection herbarium is done twice, inside and outside
labels. The label in the use of tracing paper specimen information written using a
2B pencil. The external label uses a special label paper whose data has been
printed from the specimen database. Once the specimen is ready, the outside
label is ready to be stick it.
9
f. Database Entry
Entries the specimen data into “Form Isian Spesies Herbarium Basah
Kebun Raya Bogor” and Logbook of making, storage, and maintenance of wet
herbarium.
g. Storage
The process of storage the herbarium specimens is stored and arranged
alphabetically in storage cabinets so that they are arranged systematically
making it easier to retrieve and rearrange. Stored in a storage cabinet in a special
room temperature of 20 °C and humidity 15%.
h. Maintenance
Wet herbarium material to stay in good condition and maintained,
maintenance should be done routinely. Maintenance done 2 times a year.
Maintenance is done in the following way:
a) Replace the wet herbarium specimen solution with a new one.
b) Cleaned dust that is in the storage cabinet or outside the storage cabinet.
c) Fumigation is carried out to handle pests that attack wet collections in airtight
space when needed.
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III. WORK EVALUATION
12
3.2 Result and Discussion
In this field work practice the species used were taken from the collection
of Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Garden with making dry and wet
herbarium. The processing of the herbarium basically ispreservation of a mature
plant specimen in good and complete condition. Herbarium specimens are
defined as data banks that can provide a variety of important information
(Baluran National Park Hall, 2004). The completeness of the specimens, data,
and the origin of the specimen material is very important considering the
herbarium as one of the learning media especially in the process of plant
identification. According to Widhy (2012) the function of herbarium is to help
identify other plants that have similar features of morphology. This relates in the
stages of making the herbarium that requires careful technique of work
according to the procedure that has been determined. These steps are material
collecting, manufacture and processing which is pressing and drying, mounting,
freezing, recording, and data entry, storage and maintenance by way of
remounting (Sardiwinata et al., 2008).
Dry herbarium is made from a species that has grown up, is not attacked
by pests, diseases or other physical damage. Plants throughout the habitus are
included such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Dry herbarium only uses
dried parts of plants such as roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. While the wet
herbarium uses a soft part, watery, and difficult to dry like a fruit (Pudjoarinto,
1996). Material collecting can use cutting or scissors if the material condition is
high enough. Collecting the material at Center for Plant Conservation Botanic
Garden is chosen which is complete and good, as far as possible not bitten by
caterpillar or insect on each part of the plant. The length of the herbarium
material is ± 20 cm (smaller than plaque paper) (Sardiwinata et al., 2008).
b. Notes and Labeling The Materials
In addition to herbarium material must be complete, it should be noted also
that at the time of herbarium material collecting should be recorded data of
plants, especially characters that will be lost if preserved. Herbarium material
13
without its plant records is considered very meaningless. Together with the
recording of the plant's identity, it needs to be immediately hanging labeled or
labeling.One hanging label for one specimen. On each label is written the name
of the species, family, plant origin, collection number or on Center for Plant
Conservation Botanical Garden called vak numbers, date of collection, and
collector. It is recommended that label writing using 2B pencil, so the writing
does not easily fade (Onrizal, 2005).
c. Preservation and Temporary Storage
Herbarium material collected in one day should be directly preserved, do
not leave until the next day because many plants with leaves and flowers very
quickly rot, fall, or roll. If not done directly, herbarium material should be
moistened with alcohol or spirtus. Handling of specimens in the field is called
wet-handling even in the sense that it is not the making of a wet collection
herbarium. The advantages of this processing are practical because drying can
take several days to several weeks, but is detrimental because it requires a small
amount of alcohol or spirtus (Wardani et al., 2004).
Dry collection material needs to be duplicated. The process of duplicating
or picking up species of at least 3 twigs in a tree as well as rating or material size
should be sufficient for a single fold of newspaper. Re-checking the collected
collection plant material becomes the next important step to determine and
ensure that the material is suitable for sampling (IAPSD, Samp 400).
d. Pressing and Drying
Preparation of dried herbarium in order to obtain maximum dry or
maximum results can be done drying with oven. But before, the material was
washed with clean water so that no more dirt stuck. The material must first be
done pressing using layers of newspaper, cardboard, wavy aluminum, and
wooden sasak. The material is placed on top of the newspaper, the top and
bottom surfaces of the leaf should be displayed. Stems and leaves of length or
width can be cut or folded.If there is a thick fruit or stem, then added newspaper
folds so that the thickness of the coating can be the same. The goal is that the
specimens can be dried evenly without damaging other parts. After the material
is neatly arranged and then covered with newspaper and arranged in wooden
14
sasak, wavy aluminum, paperboard / cardboard, newspaper, specimen and vice
versa. Then fasten with a heat-resistant belt (Sardiwinata et al., 2008).
The process of drying the material inside the oven with a temperature of
70 °C for 48-72 hours is arranged vertically to make the heating evenly and
optimally. Sasak fastening straps should be tightened to avoid material shrinkage
during drying time. The material should always be checked to re-tighten the belt
bond due to the reduced moisture content of the specimen after the oven
(Sardiwinata et al., 2008).
e. Mounting
Mounting is the attachment of attaching material to plaque paper after the
specimen is dry. The position of the material on the paper should show its
original shape and not exceed the size of the plaque paper. The loose material
part can be inserted into the specimen envelope. Specimen envelope that has
been written vak number, then stick it in upper left. Small leaf and twig parts are
stick it with ramitape while large stems (diameter > 3 cm) can be sewn with
goodyear yarns. The specimen label is stick from bottom right up. The specimen
that has been plaque is then put into the species folder then the genus folder
(Sardiwinata et al., 2008).
Table 3.1. Mounting Specimen of Dry Herbarium on January 2018
15
13 Hibiscus liliaceus Malvaceae XVI.G.59
14 Hibiscus sp. Malvaceae XVI.F.18
15 Hibiscus sp. Malvaceae XVI.F.26a
16 Hibiscus liliaceus Malvaceae XVI.C.10
17 Hibiscus liliaceus Malvaceae XVI.G.6
18 Hibiscus liliaceus Malvaceae XVI.G.59a
19 Hibiscus liliaceus Malvaceae XVI.G.22
20 Hibiscus sp. Malvaceae X.G.27
21 Pavonia wisti Malvaceae X.B.XVI.33
22 Pavonia schimferiana Malvaceae XVI.J.17
23 Hibiscus sp. Malvaceae XVI.F.20
24 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae XVI.G.18a
25 Thespesia sp. Malvaceae XVI.G.12
26 Thespesia trilobata Malvaceae XVI.G.16a
27 Thespesia trilobata Malvaceae XVI.G.16
28 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae XVI.G.18
29 Ficus stupenda Moraceae VII.F.23
30 Ficus subulata Moraceae XV.B.66a
31 Ficus subulata Moraceae XV.B.68
32 Ficus stupenda Moraceae VII.F.23
33 Hopea celebica Dipterocarpaceae XXV.A.253
34 Rauvolfia serpentina Apocynaceae XXIV.A.291
35 Rauvolfia serpentina Apocynaceae XXIV.A.291a
36 Ficus variegata Moraceae IX.E.67
37 Ficus ulmifolia Moraceae XII.B.VIII.18
38 Ficus subulata Moraceae XV.B.68a
39 Ficus sapiosa Moraceae XI.B.XIX.49
40 Ficus variegata Moraceae VIII.A.7
41 Ficus variegata Moraceae VIII.A.8
42 Ficus variegata Moraceae VIII.D.26
f. Refigeration
The refigeration of the specimens aims to kill the bacteria or pests resistant
to heat when the oven. The material that has been plugged into the plastic bag,
16
arranged by alphabet and tied with rope raffia rapa rope so as not to wet.
Cooling in freezer with temperature -20 °C for 7-10 days. The specimen material
was removed and dried for 3 days to remove ice crystals. This refigeration
process is only done on dry collections (Ramadhanil & Gradstein, 2004). The
process of data entry to facilitate the matching of species in order to avoid
mistakes and evidence that herbarium specimens have included material
collection of Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Garden. The recording into
the database is computerized to facilitate the search for the herbarium database
which will then be printed in the herbarium catalog book (Sardiwinata et al.,
2008).
g. Storage and Maintenance
The herbarium material is stored in a special collection room for the dry
and wet herbarium material to assure durability. Storage cabinets should be at a
stable temperature of 20 °C with 55% moisture so that durable materials are not
easily contaminated and not overgrown with fungi. The specimens are stored
into storage cabinets alphabetically based on family, genus, and species to
facilitate the search process later. The maintenance process can be done by
cleaning the specimen and cleaning the storage cupboard from the dust. In
addition, there may be remounting or replanting for specimens of plaque paper
and specimen conditions that begin to damaged. Remounting process is not
really different from mounting, in remounting process of opening the rami tape
on specimen using scalpel. The remounting process should be done carefully due
to the fragile condition of the specimen (Onrizal, 2005).
Table3.2. Remounting Specimen of Dry Herbarium on February 2018
17
8 Ficus variegate Moraceae IX.E.67
9 Ficus subulata Moraceae XV.B.66a
10 Ficus variegate Moraceae VIII.D.26
18
c. Preparing and Medium Making Process
Preparations of wet herbarium making include washing of specimen
bottles to avoid contamination of media, washing of materials with clean water.
After the washing is cleaned then aired so that the remaining water wash
disappears. Labeling using tracing paper that has been named species, family,
origin vak number, collector, collect date, and storage date (Onrizal, 2005).
Media for wet herbarium uses alcohol, aquades, and glycerin. The use of
glycerin is only for families of Orchidaceae and Zingiberaceae, it is because
these two families are so rapidly decaying, the content of glycerin can help this
family to get the nutrients to keep the specimen condition not quickly decayed.
Making media in addition to the family Orchidaceae and Zingiberaceae only use
alcohol with aquades. Preparation of ready-to-use solution by making alcohol
96% to 70% alcohol by mixing 3650 mL of 96% alcohol with 1350 mL of
aquades until homogeneous to 5000 ml. for the preparation of media with
glycerin, 3650 mL of 96% alcohol with 1350 mL of aquades plus 5% glycerin ie
250 mL to homogeneous to 5000 ml (Sardiwinata et al., 2008).
d. Processing and Storage
The specimen material is ready to be inserted into the specimen bottle and
the inner label that has been made, then the media input is homogenized
solution. Data entry can be done by filling the wet collection herbarium form. At
this stage the outer label of the wet collection herbarium can be printed after data
entry. Storage of wet collections in storage cabinets with room temperature 20 °
C always kept stable. The wet herbarium collection is stored in a separate room
separate from the room for dry herbaria. In-room arrangements are arranged as
they do with dry herbarium collections, which are separated by large category
taxis, then in each taxon the categories below are arranged alphabetically (Yos
F. da Lopes, 2014).
Table 3.3. Specimen of Wet herbarium on February 2018
19
3 Baccaurea macrocarpa Mull. Arg. Euphorbiaceae XI.B.XVIII.250
e. Maintenance
Maintenance of wet herbarium by replacing the already smelly and black
looking medium, washing the specimen bottle, and replacing the inner label with
a new one. Maintenance of wet herbarium is done twice in a year, but not all
families can be substituted for twice a year, such as the Fabaceae family,
Araceae (especially Rafflesia), Cycadacae must be replaced when the media
starts to turbid, because the family is rapidly decayed and there is a resin
produced in the fruit body (Sardiwinata et al., 2008).
20
IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the results and discussion of field work practices above can be
concluded that:
1. The process of making dry herbarium begins with collecting the plant
material of botanical garden collection , notes and labeling the materials in
the field, pressing and drying using oven, mounting, refrigeration, entries
the database, storage processing, and maintenance the specimen by
remounting.
2. The process of wet herbarium (spirit collection) begins with collecting the
plant material of botanical garden collcetion, notes and labeling in the field,
making the medium for wet herbarium, processing, entries the database,
storage processing, and maintenance the specimen by change the medium
with the new one.
3. Herbarium collection of Center for Plant Conservation Botanical Garden –
LIPI has 51.015 dry herbarium (sheets), 912 wet herbarium (spirit
collection), 5384 seeds collection, and 209 woods collection until January
2018.
B. Suggestion
1. Preferably in the process of mounting and remounting the old collection using
a mask to avoid the toxic effects of preservative sublimate used for dry
preservation.
2. Increased storage cabinets for specimens that are still on open shelves to
avoid damage due to fungi, bacteria, and viruses.
3. Addition of shelves for storage tools and materials for making herbarium
arranged neatly and not just placed in the corner of the room or on top of the
storage cabinet.
4. Provided aspecial temporary shelves to place mounted or remounted
specimens before finally entering into the freezer and re-stored.
21
REFERENCES
Bridson, Diane & Leonard Forman, eds. 1998. The Herbarium Handbook. 3rd
edition. Great Britain: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. XII, 334 p.
DeWolf, Gordon P., Jr. 1968. Notes on Making an Herbarium. Arnoldia. 28(8/9): 69-
111.
Ramadhanil & Robert Gradstein. 2004. Herbarium Celebense (CEB) dan Peranannya
dalam Menunjang Penelitian Taksonomi Tumbuhan di Sulawesi. Jurnal
Biodiversitas. 5 (1): 38-39.
Sardiwinata, Jajat Surjati, Ridwan Hamzah, & Kusnadi. 2008. Cara Pengumpulan,
Pembuatan, dan Pemeliharaan Koleksi Material Herbarium Pusat
Konserbasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Bogor. Bogor: LIPI Press.
Yos F. da Lopes, 2014. Pembuatan Herbarium Basah dan Herbarium Kering. Modul.
Jurusan Manajemen Pertanian Lahan Kering, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri
Kupang.
22
Attachment 1. Title, Location, Time, Supervisor, and Daily Work Plan
23
Taking the specimen that has been dried by
oven
Washing of decayed specimen bottles
(maintenance)
Prepare for specimen mounting process
5. Friday Mounting the specimen
26January 2018 Making a label for dry herbarium (dry
collection)
Herbarium labeling aand storage
Attachment of label and put the dry herbarium
into species folder and genus folder
6. Monday Taking 3 species of botanical garden collection
29 January 2018 for dry and wet herbarium (dry and spirit
collection)
Pressing and drying the specimen
Mounting 10 sheets of Malvaceae family
7. Tuesday Mounting 7 sheets & remounting 2 sheets of
30 January 2018 Malvaceae family
8. Thursday Mounting 7 sheets of Malvaceae family
31 January 2018
9. Wednesday Mounting 11 sheets of Malvaceae family
1 February 2018
10. Jumat Mounting 8 sheets of Malvaceae family
2 February 2018
11. Monday Mounting 16 sheets & remounting 3 sheets of
5 February 2018 Malvaceae family
12. Tuesday Mounting 15 sheets & remounting 1 sheets of
6 February 2018 Moraceae family
13. Thursday Mounting 9 sheets & remounting 2 sheets of
7 February 2018 Moraceae family
14. Wednesday Labeling and storage16 sheets specimen into
8 February 2018 species folder and genus folder
24
Mounting 9 sheets & remounting 2 sheets of
Moraceae family
15. Friday Prepare the yarn for mounting material
9 February 2018 Making an specimen envelope
Mounting 4 sheets of Moraceae family
16. Monday Making the medium for wet herbarium (spirit
12 February 2018 collection) of Orchidaceae & Zingiberaceae
family
Mounting 7 sheets of Moraceae family
17. Tuesday Mounting 11 sheets of Moraceae family
13 February 2018
18. Thursday Mounting 14 sheets of Moraceae family
14 February 2018
19. Wednesday Mounting 8 sheets of Moraceae family
15 February 2018
20. Monday Keep the specimen into storage alphabetically
19 February 2018 Do the report
21. Tuesday Do the report
20 February 2018
22. Thursday Do the report
21 February 2018
23. Wednesday Submit the report
22 February 2018
24. Friday Report validation
23 February 2018
25
Attachment 2.Picture of Activity
2.1. Dry Herbarium (Dry Collection)
26
Put the materials into plastic for
temporary storage while in the field
27
Drying the material into oven placed
vertically.
28
Storaging the specimen into species
folder (white) and genus folder
(yellow).
29
Table 2.1.4. Storage Process
Picture Details
Preparing the storage cabinet.
30
The remounting process is one of the
collection (dryherbarium)
maintenance on the plaque paper.
31
Database entries.
32
Take the materials using pole if the
material too high
33
Table 2.2.2 Making the Medium
Picture Details
Preparing the tools and medium.
(bucket, bailer, funnel, glove,
measuring glass 2000 mL, measuring
glass 500 mL, mask, lab coat, alcohol
96 %, aquades, gliserin).
34
The medium is ready to use.
35
Making the inner label using kalkir
paper.
36
Attachment the outer label on wet
herbarium bottle.
37
Washing the specimen bottle and let it
dry.
38
Re-storage the specimen
alphabetically.
39
Table 3.3. Seed Herbarium Collection
40