Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV MIMAROPA
City Schools Division of Puerto Princesa
San Jose National High School
San Jose, Puerto Princesa City

Detailed Lesson Plan in Biology1

I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. identify the different kinds of bacteria;

2. draw the different shapes of bacteria;
3. appreciate the benefits of bacteria.
II. SUBJECT MATTER:

A. Topic: Bacteria
B. Reference: a. Introduction to Bacteria.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
http://handsonclassrooms.org/files/Science/introduction_to_bact
eria_02.ppt
b. Bacteria - MicrobeWorld.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
from http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-
microbes/bacteria
c. Bacteria -MicrobiologyOnline.(April19,2015).Retrieved
fromhttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-
microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria
C. Materials: visual aids (mp and pictures) : Laptop, LCD Projetor,
and Powerpoint Presentation
D. Skills: drawing
E. Values: appreciation, patience
F. Concept: Bacteria are not all harmful to humans but rather, it
has more benefits to humans and the environment.

G. Code:STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3

III.Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities (take 5 mins)

Greetings
Prayers
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Review (this will take 5 mins)

Before we proceed to our lesson, Ma’am bacteria and protozoa.

let’s have a review about unicellular
organism. Can you give me an
 example of a unicellular organism?
Ma’am, unicellular algae and
Very good, what else? unicellular fungi or yeasts.

Ma’am because they are single-celled

Yes. That’s correct! And why are organism. From the root word uni
they called unicellular organism? which means one or single.

Very good. These unicellular

organisms are single-celled and
also called prokaryotes. Now, do Ma’am Bacteria!
you have any idea if what is the
smallest type of unicellular
organism?

You’re right!

C. Motivation (this will take 10 mins)

Class, I have here a picture which

shows different words that are (students choose a word and explain)
related to bacteria. I want you to
choose one word and use it to
describe or define bacteria.

(show picture)

D. Developmental Activities
(this will take 20 mins)

Okay class, since we already

describe and define bacteria; let us
now study the different shapes of Ma’am, the white colored bacterium
bacteria. Look at this photo has a round shape.
carefully and tell me the shape of
each bacterium. (show picture)
Ma’am the bacterium on the center has
Very good. What else? a rod shape.

Ma’am it is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Correct. And the last one?

Yes. Very good. These are the

three basic shapes; rod shaped
called bacilli, round shaped called
cocci and the spiral shaped also
called spirillum. Some exist as
single cells, others are clustered
together.
Yes ma’am!
Do you think bacteria are alive?
Ma’am because the bacteria can
Why do you think so? reproduce.
 Ma’am because they eat.
You’re right. Very good! What else
can make you think that a
bacterium is alive?

Ma’am because the bacteria can

Yes. What else? move.

Ma’am they use their flagella to move.

Very good. What do they use to
move?

Yes. Most motile bacteria move by

the use of flagella There are helical
bacteria which have a specialized
internal structure known as the
axial filament which is responsible
for rotation of the cell in a spiral
fashion and consequent locomotion
and others are gliding bacteria.
Ma’am they reproduce through binary
Since we said a while ago that a fission wherein they multiply through
bacteria can reproduce, do you division.
have any idea how they reproduce?
Ma’am through conjugation, wherein
Very good. There is one more way the cilia of the bacterium connects to
on how bacteria reproduce, what is other cilia of a bacterium then transfers
it? genetic material to another.

Ma’am some make their own food from

You’re right! Now, what do you sunlight, like the photosynthetic
think do they eat? bacteria.

Ma’am some are scavengers like the

Yes. Another? bacteria in our stomach which eat what
we eat.

Ma’am some bacteria eat other

Correct! What else? bacteria which are also called
pathogens.

Ma’am bacteria that make us sick.

Very good! So what are
pathogens? Do you have any idea?
Ma’am they produce poisons that
And how do they make you sick? result in fever, headache, vomiting,
and diarrhea and destroy body tissue.

Ma’am through direct contact with

Correct! Where do you get a people who are sick.
pathogen?
Ma’am from food, Water, or other
Yes, what else? surfaces that are contaminated.

Yes ma’am. For example, you could

Is it also possible that you get become infected if you come into
infected through indirect contact? contact with equipment that has
How? been touched by an ill person.

Ma’am some pathogenic bacteria rely

Yes. What else? on insect carriers such as mosquitoes,
fleas, lice or ticks to move from host to
host.

No ma’am.
Very good! Are all bacteria
pathogens?
Ma’am not all bacteria are pathogenic
Why? Explain further. because there are some types of
bacteria that help with digestion and
also used as ingredients of some foods
like cheese for fermentation.

Ma’am it is also used for production of

Correct. Anymore more idea? antibiotics and the photosynthetic
bacteria produces oxygen.

Very well said! Can you give some

example of helpful bacteria as we
have said a while ago that not all Ma’am, one is Pediococcus which is
bacteria are pathogenic and some used in production of fermented meats.
are helpful? So what are these
helpful bacteria?
Ma’am Lactobacillus casei which is
Yes. What else? found in human intestines and mouth
to improve digestion.

Ma’am Leuconostoc cremoris which is

Anymore? used in the production of buttermilk
and sour cream.

Ma’am Lactobacillus bulgaricus which

No more? is used in the production of yogurt and
cheese.

Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is

Very good. Do you know some found in ground beef, contaminated
common pathogens? fruits and vegetables.

Ma’am Salmonella which is found in

Yes. What else? raw meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts, fruit
and vegetables

Ma’am Listeria which is Found in deli

Correct. What else? foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.

Ma’am washing our hands often will

You’re right. So what can we do to avoid the transfer of bacteria to our
 prevent or avoid these pathogenic mouth or food.
bacteria?
Yes. What else?
Correct. Anymore?
Very good!
E. Application (this will take 5 mins)
Direction: Bring out a piece of bond (students will now draw)
paper and draw the different
shapes of bacteria.
F. Generalization (this will take 5 mins)
Okay class, let’s have a recap on
what we have discussed today.
What are bacteria?
What are the different shapes of
bacteria?
What are the evidences or proof
that bacteria are alive?
What are pathogens?
How do we get pathogens?
What are the examples of good
bacteria?
What are the common pathogenic
bacteria?
Ma’am food should be cook thoroughly
to kill any pathogens that may be in the
food.
Ma’am let us store food properly to
limit pathogen growth.
Ma’am bacteria are the smallest
unicellular organism.
Ma’am the rod shaped called bacilli,
round shaped called cocci and the
spiral shaped also called spirillum.
Ma’am they move, reproduce and eat.
Ma’am the bacteria that make us sick.
Ma’am through direct and indirect
contact with other people. And also
from the contaminated foods, water
and surfaces.
Ma’am Pediococcus which is used in
production of fermented meats,
Lactobacillus casei which is found in
human intestines and mouth to
improve digestion, Leuconostoc
cremoris which is used in the
production of buttermilk and sour
cream and Lactobacillus bulgaricus
which is used in the production of
yogurt and cheese.
Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is
found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables, Salmonella
which is found in raw meats, poultry,
eggs, sprouts, fruit and vegetables and
Listeria which is Found in deli foods,
lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.
 Ma’am we should wash our hands
How can we avoid pathogenic often, food should be cook thoroughly
bacteria? and food should be stored properly to
avoid pathogenic bacteria.

Very good!

IV. Evaluation (this will take 5 mins)

Direction: Bring out ¼ piece of paper and identify the following bacteria if it is
beneficial or harmful and give their shape. (14 pts.)

1. Pediococcus
2. Pathogenic E. coli
3. Lactobacillus casei
4. Salmonella
5. Leuconostoc cremoris
6. Listeria
7. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

V. Assignment

Read about multicellular organism.

Prepared by:

Zalome B. Loredo
PSU Preservice Teacher
Photo used in Motivation:

Photo used in the developmental activity: Identification of shapes.