Vastarel
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION
NAME NAME
Trimetazidine Vastarel This drug is
recommended in long-
term treatment of
coronary insufficiency;
angina pectoris.
Isoket
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION
NAME NAME
Isosorbide Isoket Coronary heart disease:
Dinitrate treatment and
prevention of angina
pectoris attack.
Maintenance therapy
after myocardial
infarction. Fresh
myocardial infarction,
with left ventricle failure
of other origins with
impending or full-blown
pulmonary edema. Long-
term treatment of
chronic congestive heart
failure (either alone or in
addition to cardiac
glycosides and diuretics.
ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING
MANAGEMENT
Trimetazidine is a cellular acting  Rare causes of GI •Use cautiously in
anti-ischaemic agent. It has 3 main disorders patients with heart
properties by which it acts as a  nausea and failure or hypertension
cytoprotective agent. It inhibits the vomiting and in elderly patients
anaerobic glycolysis and fatty acid  Fever
metabolism, thus allowing only  Rash
aerobic glycolysis. This action helps  Respiratory illness
to restore the energy balance in the  anemia
cell. It inhibits acidosis and free
radical accumulation in the cell. All
these action help the cell to restore
the normal ionic and metabolic
balance.
ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING MANAGEMENT
Isosorbide Dinitrate is a smooth In sensitive •Monitor ECG and vital signs
muscle relaxant. It particularly persons nitrate closely, especially blood
effective on vascular and headaches may pressure.
bronchial smooth muscle. Its develop which •Monitor arterial blood gas
systemic cardiovascular effects may, however, be valuesand methemoglobin
are mainly due to a decrease in minimized by levels.
venous return (pooling of blood starting with low, •Teach patient to take oral
in the peripheral venous system). gradually drug 30 minutes before or 1
Consequently, ventricular end- increasing doses. to 2 hours after a meal.
diastolic pressure and volume are To overcome •Inform patient that drug
diminished, thus reducing cardiac headache, may cause headache. Advise
work and, implicitly, myocardial therapy should him to treat headache as
oxygen requirements. The not be stopped usual and not to alter drug
arterial vessels are dilated as but rather schedule. If headache
well, though to a lesser degree. continued on persists, tell him to contact
This results in a slight drop in adequate dose prescriber.
aortic and systemic blood level, as this side •Instruct patient to move
pressure relieving the effect usually slowly when sitting up or
myocardium of a part of its subsides within standing, to avoid dizziness
afterload. This nitrate- induced several days of or light-headedness from
changes account for both the regular intake. If sudden blood pressure
anti-anginal effects of Isosorbide headaches are decrease.
Dinitrate and for its beneficial very strong, an •As appropriate, review all
effects in the treatment of analgesic other significant adverse
congestive heart failure. compound based reactions.
on acetylsalicyclic
acid is
recommended.
Amoxicillin Trihydrate
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING MANAGEMENT
NAME NAME
Amoxicillin  Infections due to This drug acts by  CNS: Lethargy, hallucinations,  Culture infected area prior
Trihydrate susceptible strains of inhibiting the seizures to treatment; reculture
Haemophilus synthesis of  GI: Glossitis, stomatitis, area if response is not as
influenzae, Escherichia bacterial cell walls. gastritis, sore mouth, furry expected.
coli, Proteus mirabilis, It inhibits cross- tongue, black "hairy" tongue,  Give in oral preparations
Neisseria linkage between nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, only; amoxicillin is not
gonorrhoeae, the linear abdominal pain, bloody affected by food.
Streptococcus peptidoglycan diarrhea, enterocolitis,  Continue therapy for at
pneumoniae, polymer chains that pseudomembranous colitis, least 2 days after signs of
Enterococcus faecalis, make up a major nonspecific hepatitis infection have
streptococci, non– component of the  GU: Nephritis disappeared; continuation
penicillinase- cell walls of both
 Hematologic: Anemia, for 10 full days is
producing Gram-positive and recommended.
thrombocytopenia,
staphylococci Gram-negative
leukopenia, neutropenia,  Use corticosteroids,
 Helicobacter pylori bacteria.
prolonged bleeding time antihistamines for skin
infection in  Hypersensitivity: Rash, fever, reactions.
combination with It has two ionizable wheezing, anaphylaxis • Take this drug around-the-
other agents groups in the
 Other: Superinfections—oral clock.
 Postexposure physiological range
and rectal moniliasis, • Take the full course of
prophylaxis against (the amino group in therapy; do not stop
vaginitis
Bacillus anthracis alpha-position to because you feel better.
 Unlabeleduse: the amide carbonyl • This antibiotic is specific for
Chlamydia group and the this problem and should
trachomatis in carboxyl group). not be used to self-treat
pregnancy other infections.

Harox
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING MANAGEMENT
NAME NAME
Cefuroxime Harox It is effective for the Inhibits bacterial cell wall  Diarrhea •Determine history
Sodium treatment of synthesis by binding to one  Nausea of hypersensitivity
penicillinase- or more of protein-binding  Antibiotic associated reactions to
producing proteins (PBPs) which in colitis cephalosporins, penicillins,
Neisseria gonorrhoea turn inhibit the final  Rash and history of allergies,
(PPNG).Effectively transpeptidation step of  Pruritis particularly to drugs,
treats bone and joint peptidoglycan synthesis in  Urticaria before therapy is initiated.
infections, bronchitis, bacterial cell walls, thus  Increased serum •Inspect IM and IV
meningitis, gonorrhea, inhibiting cell wall creatinine and BUN injection sites frequently
otitis media, biosynthesis. Bacteria  Decreased creatinine for signs of phlebitis.
pharyngitis/tonsillitis, eventually lyse due to clearance •Report onset of loose
sinusitis, lower ongoing activity of cell wall  Thrombophlebitis (IV stools or diarrhea.
respiratory tract autolytic enzymes site) Although
infections, skin and (autolysins and murein  Pain pseudomembranous
soft tissue infections, hydrolases) white cell wall  Burning colitis.
urinary tract assembly is arrested.  Cellulitis (IM site) •Monitor I&O rates and
infections, and is used  Superinfections pattern: Especially
for surgical  Positive Coomb’s important in severely ill
prophylaxis, reducing test patients receiving high
or eliminating doses. Report any
infection. significant changes.
Duavent
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING
NAME NAME MANAGEMENT
Ipratropium Duavent  Management of Ipratropium bromide: Ipratropium bromide Headache •Drugs should be given
Salbutamol reversible is a quaternary ammonium compound with Pain only if the
bronchospasm anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) Influenza potential benefit
associated with properties. Similar to atropine, it is a Chest pain justifies
obstructive nonselective competitive antagonist of Nausea and vomiting the potential risk to
airway disease muscarinic receptors present in airways and Bronchitis the fetus.
(e.g., bronchial other organs. Ipratropium bromide relaxes Dyspnea •Position patient
asthma. smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioles Coughing on high back
 For use in by blocking acetylcholine-induced Pneumonia rest position.
patients with stimulation of guanyl cyclase, thus reducing Bronchospasm •Do back tapping after
COPD on a formation of cyclic guanosine Pharyngitis you nebulizer the patient.
regular inhaled monophosphate (cGMP), a mediator of Sinusitis and rhinitis •Do not give a food
bronchodilator bronchoconstriction. Ipratropium generally Fatigue and dizziness immediately it can
who continue exhibits greater antimuscarinic activity of HPN cause vomiting
to have bronchial smooth muscle than on secretory Nervousness
evidence of (eg, salivary, gastric) glands. Paresthesia
bronchospasm Ipratropium bromide is a potent Tremor
and who bronchodilator, particularly in large bronchial Dysphonia
require a airways; however, some evidence suggests Insomnia
second that it also has bronchodilator activity in Diarrhea and dyspepsia
bronchodilator. small airways. Bronchodilation results from Dry mouth
relaxation of smooth muscles of the Arrhythmia
bronchial tree. Palpitation
Tachycardia
Arthralgia
Angina
Increased sputum
Taste perversion

Sorbisine
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING
NAME NAME MANAGEMENT
Hyoscine-N- Sorbisine Used in  Hyoscine works by relaxing the muscle  Flushing, postural  Assess for eye
Butylbromide treatment of that is found in the walls of the stomach, hypotension, pain
spasm and intestines, bowel, bile duct and urinary tachycardia, fibrillation.  Monitor Output
hypermotility of tract. This type of muscle is called  Rarely psychotic ration
the smooth muscle or involuntary muscle. It reactions.  Assess for
Gastrointestinal normally contracts and relaxes in  Dizziness, drowsiness, parkinsonism and
tract, biliary and response to natural body chemicals fatigue, headache, EPS
renal colic; called neurotransmitters. The memory loss.  Assess for urinary
spasmodic contractions are caused by a  Dry skin, erythema, hesitancy
dysmennorhea; neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. increased sensitivity to  Assess for
gastric and These contractions are not under our light, rash. constipation
duodenal ulcer. conscious control and we are not  Bloatedness,  Assess for
normally aware of them. However, if the constipation, dry tolerance over
muscles go into spasm this can cause throat, dysphagia, long term
pain. nausea, vomiting, therapy
 Hyoscine stops the spasms in the xerostomia.
smooth muscle by preventing  Dysuria, urinary
acetylcholine from acting on the muscle. retention.
It does this by blocking the receptors on  Tremor, weakness.
the muscle cells that the acetylcholine  Impaired
would normally act on. accommodation,
 By preventing acetylcholine from acting blurred vision,
on the muscle in the GI and GU tracts,  Dry nose.
hyoscine reduces the muscle  Decreased diaphoresis,
contractions. heat intolerance.
Pediatapp
GENERIC NAME BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING
NAME MANAGEMENT
Phenylpropanolamine Pediatapp Treatment of nasal Phenylpropanolamine acts  CNS depression  Check for allergic
HCL+Brompheniramine congestion. directly on alpha- and, to a including slight reactions>monitor the
Maleate Symptomatic relief lesser degree, beta-adrenergic drowsiness to patient for any adverse
of allergic conditions, receptors in the mucosa of the deep sleep, effect
mainly rhinitis & respiratory tract. Stimulation of lassitude, dizziness,  Assess if the client
conjunctivitis. alpha-adrenergic receptors in coordination. is suffering from
produces vasoconstriction, Headache, DM, epilepsy, glaucoma,
reduces tissue hyperemia, psychomotor heart or blood vessel
edema, and nasal congestion, impairment and disease, hiatal hernia, high
and increases nasal airway antimuscarinic blood pressure,
patency. PPA indirectly effects. Rarely, myasthenia gravis,
stimulates beta-receptors, rashes and obstructed bladder or
producing tachycardia and a hypersensitivity intestinal tract, peptic
positive inotropic effect. reactions; blood ulcer, enlarged prostate
disorders, convulsions, gland, or thyroid disease
sweating, myalgia,  If any of the above
extra pyramidal effects, mentioned diseases is
tremor, confusion, present, tell the physician
tinnitus, hypotension, about this.
hair loss.  Advise the client to drink
 Potentially Fatal: at least eight glasses of
Palpitations, water.
arrhythmias, blood  Advise the client to avoid
disorders, and liver excessive work and
dysfunction may occur exercise in hot weather.

Co-altria
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING
NAME NAME MANAGEMENT
Montelukast Co-altria Relief of symptoms »Montelukast is a Leukotriene  Asthenia/fatigue
Sodium associated w/ Receptor Antagonist.  Fever
Levocetrizine seasonal & perennial »Montelukast competitively and  abdominal pain
diHCL allergic rhinitis. selectively inhibits the actions of  Trauma
leukotriene D4 (LTD4) at the  Dyspepsia
cysteinyl leukotriene type-1  infectious
(CysLT1) receptor without any gastroenteritis
agonist activity.  dental pain
»The cysteinyl leukotrienes, such  Dizziness
as LTD4, are products of  Headache
arachidonic acid metabolism and  nasal congestion
are released from various cells,  Cough
including mast cells and  Influenza
eosinophils  Rash
 increased ALT &
AST
 Pyuria
 Somnolence
 dry mouth
Exforge
BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING
GENERIC NAME MANAGEMENT
NAME
Amlodipine Exforge Treatment of Amlodipine belongs to a class of  Nasopharyngitis,  Monitor BP for
besilate + essential drugs called calcium channel influenza therapeutic
Valsartan hypertension. blockers. These medications block  Hypersensitivity effectiveness. BP
the transport of calcium into the  Visual disturbance reduction is greatest
smooth muscle cells lining the  Anxiety after peak levels of
coronary arteries and other  Headache, dizziness, amlodipine are
arteries of the body. Valsartan is an somnolence, achieved 6–9 h
oral drug that belongs to a class of dizziness postural, following oral doses.
drugs called angiotensin receptor paraesthesia  Monitor for S&S of
blockers (ARBs) . Angiotensin,  Vertigo, tinnitus dose-related peripheral
formed in the blood by the action  Tachycardia, or facial edema that
of angiotensin converting enzyme palpitations, may not be
(ACE) on a chemical in blood called syncope accompanied by
angiotensinogen. Angiotensin is a  Orthostatic weight gain; rarely,
powerful chemical that attaches to hypotension severe edema may
angiotensin receptors found in  Cough, cause discontinuation
many tissues but primarily on pharyngolaryngeal of drug.
smooth muscle cells surrounding pain  Monitor BP with
blood vessels. Angiotensin's  Diarrhea, nausea, postural changes.
attachment to the receptors abdominal pain, Report postural
causes the blood vessels to narrow constipation, dry hypotension. Monitor
(constrict) which leads to an mouth more frequently when
increase in blood pressure  Rash, erythema, additional
(hypertension). Valsartan blocks hyperhidrosis, antihypertensives or
the angiotensin receptor. exanthema, pruritus diuretics are added.

Ekosart Plus
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION ACTION
NAME NAME
Losartan Ekosart Plus -treatment for Angiotensin II [formed from
potassium + HPN angiotensin I in a reaction
hydrochloroth -use in patients catalyzed by angiotensin
iazide with renal converting enzyme (ACE,
impairment and kininase II)], is a potent
hemodialysis vasoconstrictor, the
patients primary vasoactive
-used in patients hormone of the renin-
with intravascular angiotensin system and an
volume depletion important component in
-used in patients the pathophysiology of
with hepatic hypertension. It also
impairment stimulates aldosterone
secretion by the adrenal
cortex. Losartan and its
principal active metabolite
block the vasoconstrictor
and aldosterone-secreting
effects of angiotensin II by
selectively blocking the
binding of angiotensin II to
the AT1 receptor found in
many tissues (e.g., vascular
smooth muscle, adrenal
gland).
SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Hypotension  Assess improvement in CVP q8h
 Orthostatic hypotension  Check for rashes and temperature
 Asthenia/fatigue elevation daily
 Hypesthesia  Assess for confusion
 Dizziness  Monitor manifestations of
 Cellulitis hypokalemia: acidic urine, r
 Cataract educed urine, osmolality,
 Nasal congestion nocturia hypotension,
 Diarrhea tachycardia, weak pulse,
 Gastritis weakness, altered LOC
 Dyspepsia  Monitor for
manifestations of
 UTI
hypomagnesemia:
 Anemia
agitation,muscletwitching,par
 Hepatitis
esthesias,hyperactivereflexes,
 Anaphylactic reactions
dysphagia,tetany, nausea,
 Angioedema
vomiting, diarrhea
 Vasculitis
 Monitor for
 Hypoglycemia
manifestations of
 Hyperkalemia
hyponatremia: increased BP
 Weight gain
,cold, clammy skin,
 Hyponatremia hypovolemia, abdominal
 Sinusitis cramps, lethargy
 Assess fluid volume status
 Monitor electrolytes.
Plogrel
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING
NAME NAME MANAGEMENT
Clopidogrel Plogrel  Treatment Clopidogrel is an irreversible Headache  Assess for symptoms
of patients at risk inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It Dizziness of stroke, MI during
for ischemic acts by irreversibly modifying the Weakness treatment
events—history of platelet adenosine 5'-diphosphate Syncope  Monitor liver function
MI, ischemic stroke, (ADP) receptor, thus selectively Flushing studies: AST, ALT, bilirubin
peripheral artery inhibiting the binding of ADP to its Hypertension , creatinine if patient is on
disease. platelet receptor and the Edema long-term therapy
 Treatment of patients subsequent activation of the Rash  Monitor blood studies:
with acute coronary glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, Pruritus CBC, Hgb, Hct protime,
syndrome. thereby inhibiting platelet Nausea cholesterol if the patient is
aggregation. Consequently, on long-term therapy;
 GI distress
platelets exposed to clopidogrel thrombocytopenia and
Constipation
are affected for the remainder of neutropenia may occur.
diarrhea,
their lifespan. Biotransformation
GI bleed
of clopidogrel to its active
metabolite is necessary to produce
Increased bleeding risk
inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Scheeprin
GENERIC BRAND INDICATION ACTION SIDE-EFFECTS NURSING
NAME NAME MANAGEMENT
Aspirin Scheeprin Treatment and Exhibits antipyretic, anti-inflammatory  dyspepsia, heartburn,  Assess for pain:
prophylaxis of and analgesic effects. The antipyretic anorexia, nausea, type, location and
cardiovascular effect is due to an action on the epigastric pattern
diseases (angina hypothalamus, resulting in heat loss discomfort,  Note for asthma
pectoris or by vasodilation of peripheral blood potentiation of  Monitor renal, LFTs and
myocardial vessels. Anti-inflammatory effects peptic ulcer CBC
infarction) and acute are mediated by a decrease in  Bronchospasm,  Determine history of
ischemic stroke; prostaglandin synthesis. It also asthma-like symptoms, peptic ulcers or
prevention of decreases platelet aggregation. anaphylaxis, skin bleeding tendencies.
thromboembolism rashes, urticaria
and adjunct  prolongation of
treatment for bleeding time,
peripheral arterial thrombocytopenia,
thromboembolism; leucopenia,
and in preventing  Thirst, fever,
thrombotic dimness of vision
complications
associated with
procedures such an
angioplasty and
coronary bypass
grafting.